# Lake Lyadhej-To Air and Lake Surface Temperature Reconstructions during the last 11 ka
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder            
#                                  and            
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program            
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)            
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------            
# Template Version 3.0            
# Encoding: UTF-8            
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data.             
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed.
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/30652
#     Online_Resource_Description:  NOAA Landing Page
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/27330
#     Online_Resource_Description:  NOAA Landing Page for Temperature-12k Database
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/climate12k/temperature/version1.0.0/Temp12k_directory_NOAA_files/Lyadhej-To.Andreev.2005.txt
#     Online_Resource_Description:  NOAA location of the template
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/climate12k/temperature/version1.0.0/Temp12k_directory_LiPD_files/Lyadhej-To.Andreev.2005.lpd
#     Online_Resource_Description:  Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) formatted file containing metadata and data related to this file, for version 1.0.0 of this dataset.
#
# Original_Source_URL: 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions
# Parameter_Keywords: air temperature
# Dataset_DOI: 
#
#------------------
# Contribution_Date
#     Date: 2020-04-15
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#     Date: 2020-05-16
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# Title
#     Study_Name: Lake Lyadhej-To Air and Lake Surface Temperature Reconstructions during the last 11 ka
#------------------
# Investigators
#     Investigators: Andreev, Andrei A.; Tarasov, Pavel E.; Ilyashuk, Boris P.; Ilyashuk, Elena A.; Cremer, Holger; Hermichen, Wolf-Dieter; Wischer, Frank; Hubberten, Hans-Wolfgang
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#     Description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators, who are listed in the Investigator field of this template file. Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file.
#------------------
# Publication
#     Authors: Andreev, Andrei A.; Tarasov, Pavel E.; Ilyashuk, Boris P.; Ilyashuk, Elena A.; Cremer, Holger; Hermichen, Wolf-Dieter; Wischer, Frank; Hubberten, Hans-Wolfgang
#     Published_Date_or_Year: 2005
#     Published_Title: Holocene environmental history recorded in Lake Lyadhej-To sediments, polar Urals, Russia
#     Journal_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
#     Volume: 223
#     Edition: 
#     Issue: 3-4
#     Pages: 181-203
#     Report: 
#     DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.04.004
#     Online_Resource: 
#     Full_Citation: 
#     Abstract: An 1180-cm long core recovered from Lake Lyadhej-To (68°15′ N, 65°45′ E, 150 m a.s.l.) at the NW rim of the Polar Urals Mountains reflects the Holocene environmental history from ca. 11,000 cal. yr BP. Pollen assemblages from the diamicton (ca. 11,000–10,700 cal. yr BP) are dominated by Pre-Quaternary spores and redeposited Pinaceae pollen, pointing to a high terrestrial input. Turbid and nutrient-poor conditions existed in the lake ca. 10,700–10,550 cal. yr BP. The chironomid-inferred reconstructions suggest that mean July temperature increased rapidly from 10.0 to 11.8 °C during this period. Sparse, treeless vegetation dominated on the disturbed and denuded soils in the catchment area. A distinct dominance of planktonic diatoms ca. 10,500–8800 cal. yr BP points to the lowest lake-ice coverage, the longest growing season and the highest bioproductivity during the lake history. Birch forest with some shrub alder grew around the lake reflecting the warmest climate conditions during the Holocene. Mean July temperature was likely 11–13 °C and annual precipitation—400–500 mm. The period ca. 8800–5500 cal. yr BP is characterized by a gradual deterioration of environmental conditions in the lake and lake catchment. The pollen- and chironomid-inferred temperatures reflect a warm period (ca. 6500–6000 cal. BP) with a mean July temperature at least 1–2 °C higher than today. Birch forests disappeared from the lake vicinity after 6000 cal. yr BP. The vegetation in the Lyadhej-To region became similar to the modern one. Shrub (Betula nana, Salix) and herb tundra have dominated the lake catchment since ca. 5500 cal. yr BP. All proxies suggest rather harsh environmental conditions. Diatom assemblages reflect relatively short growing seasons and a longer persistence of lake-ice ca. 5500–2500 cal. yr BP. Pollen-based climate reconstructions suggest significant cooling between ca. 5500 and 3500 cal. yr BP with a mean July temperature 8–10 °C and annual precipitation—300–400 mm. The bioproductivity in the lake remained low after 2500 cal. yr BP, but biogeochemical proxies reflect a higher terrestrial influx. Changes in the diatom content may indicate warmer water temperatures and a reduced ice cover on the lake. However, chironomid-based reconstructions reflect a period with minimal temperatures during the lake history.
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# Publication 
#     Authors: Kaufman, D., N. McKay, C. Routson, M. Erb, B. Davis, O. Heiri, S. Jaccard, J. Tierney, C. Dätwyler, Y. Axford, T. Brussel, O. Cartapanis, B. Chase, A. Dawson, A. de Vernal, S. Engels, L. Jonkers, J. Marsicek, P. Moffa-Sánchez, C. Morrill, A. Orsi, K. Rehfeld, K. Saunders, P. S. Sommer, E. Thomas, M. Tonello, M. Tóth, R. Vachula, A. Andreev, S. Bertrand, B. Biskaborn, M. Bringué, S. Brooks, M. Caniupán, M. Chevalier, L. Cwynar, J. Emile-Geay, J. Fegyveresi, A. Feurdean, W. Finsinger, M-C. Fortin, L. Foster, M. Fox, K. Gajewski, M. Grosjean, S. Hausmann, M. Heinrichs, N. Holmes, B. Ilyashuk, E. Ilyashuk, S. Juggins, D. Khider, K. Koinig, P. Langdon, I. Larocque-Tobler, J. Li, A. Lotter, T. Luoto, A. Mackay, E. Magyari, S. Malevich, B. Mark, J. Massaferro, V. Montade, L. Nazarova, E. Novenko, P. Paril, E. Pearson, M. Peros, R. Pienitz, M. Plóciennik, D. Porinchu, A. Potito, A. Rees, S. Reinemann, S. Roberts, N. Rolland, S. Salonen, A. Self, H. Seppä, S. Shala, J-M. St-Jacques, B. Stenni, L. Syrykh, P. Tarrats, K. Taylor, V. van den Bos, G. Velle, E. Wahl, I. Walker, J. Wilmshurst, E. Zhang, S. Zhilich
#     Published_Date_or_Year: 2020-04-14
#     Published_Title: A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records
#     Journal_Name: Scientific Data
#     Volume: 7
#     Edition: 115
#     Issue: 
#     Pages:
#     Report_Number: 
#     DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0445-3 
#     Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0445-3
#     Full_Citation: 
#     Abstract: A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format.
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# Funding_Agency
#     Funding_Agency_Name: 
#     Grant: 
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# Site_Information
#     Site_Name: Lyadhej-To
#     Location: Europe>Eastern Europe>Russia
#     Country: Russia
#     Northernmost_Latitude: 68.26
#     Southernmost_Latitude: 68.26
#     Easternmost_Longitude: 65.8
#     Westernmost_Longitude: 65.8
#     Elevation: 150
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# Data_Collection
#     Collection_Name: Lyadhej-To.Andreev.2005
#     Earliest_Year: 10788.064
#     Most_Recent_Year: 68.889
#     Time_Unit: cal yr BP
#     Core_Length: 
#     Notes: 
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# Species
#     Species_Name: 
#     Species_Code: 
#     Common_Name: 
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# Chronology_Information
#     Chronology:
# depth_top	age	uncertainty_old	depth_bottom	uncertainty_young	IncludeYN	age_type	OriginalDateID	material	
# 0.0	-48.0	nan	0.0	nan	Y	core top	nan	nan	
# 8.0	690.0	720.0	10.0	660.0	Y	age14C	KIA-10040	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 98.0	2460.0	2500.0	100.0	2420.0	Y	age14C	KIA-8915	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 200.0	5135.0	5195.0	202.0	5075.0	Y	age14C	KIA-10041	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 298.0	6730.0	6800.0	300.0	6660.0	Y	age14C	KIA-8916	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 398.0	8550.0	8650.0	400.0	8450.0	Y	age14C	KIA-8920	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 500.0	9230.0	9320.0	502.0	9140.0	Y	age14C	KIA-8917	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 596.0	10780.0	10920.0	598.0	10640.0	N	age14C	KIA-12131	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 652.0	11230.0	11380.0	654.0	11080.0	N	age14C	KIA-8759	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 670.0	14210.0	14300.0	672.0	14120.0	N	age14C	KIA-8760	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 717.0	9600.0	9660.0	719.0	9540.0	N	age14C	KIA-8761	Shrub twig	
# 734.0	10940.0	11030.0	736.0	10850.0	N	age14C	KIA-12132	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 793.0	11850.0	11930.0	795.0	11770.0	N	age14C	KIA-12133	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 993.0	9880.0	9930.0	995.0	9830.0	N	age14C	KIA-12134	Non-identified macrofossils	
# 1034.0	9490.0	9550.0	1036.0	9430.0	Y	age14C	KIA-12135	Moss remains	
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# Variables        
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.        
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
## age	age,,,calendar year before present,,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,N,
## temperature	surface air temperature,,,degree Celsius,Jul,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,N,BMA
#
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# Data:        
# Data lines follow (have no #)        
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: nan
#
age	temperature	
68.889	8.15	
344.444	9.168	
620.0	8.405	
834.444	9.206	
963.111	8.388	
1134.667	7.997	
1349.111	8.724	
1520.667	8.477	
1649.333	8.463	
1863.778	8.751	
1992.444	8.699	
2292.667	8.542	
2464.222	8.895	
2940.588	9.164	
3266.078	8.608	
3461.373	8.678	
3721.765	9.973	
4112.353	9.093	
4242.549	8.024	
4633.137	8.476	
4893.529	8.877	
5088.824	9.765	
5414.314	9.201	
5674.706	8.466	
5974.694	9.579	
6184.082	10.154	
6323.673	10.449	
6498.163	9.569	
6672.653	8.867	
6812.245	9.49	
6951.837	9.521	
7231.021	9.516	
7370.612	9.684	
7510.204	10.368	
7696.4	9.8	
7890.4	10.601	
8123.2	9.507	
8433.6	10.041	
8588.8	10.794	
8821.6	10.654	
8976.8	11.276	
9132.0	10.565	
9364.8	10.904	
9592.941	11.163	
9665.883	11.419	
9811.765	11.427	
9957.647	11.63	
10030.588	11.272	
10103.529	11.151	
10212.941	11.893	
10340.588	9.691	
10477.097	11.602	
10549.354	11.669	
10563.549	11.638	
10571.29	12.461	
10625.483	11.909	
10675.161	10.387	
10715.807	9.212	
10756.451	11.265	
10788.064	10.02