# Laguna Pallcacocha Geochemistry, Sediment Property, and Flood Reconstruction Data during the Holocene #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36596 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-lake-36596.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleolimnology # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/41b1-w758 # # Science_Keywords: ENSO, Medieval Warm Period, hydrology, Precipitation Reconstruction #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/ecuador/mark2022/mark2022-floods.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Laguna Pallcacocha Floods Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-06-27 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-06-27 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name:  Laguna Pallcacocha Geochemistry, Sediment Property, and Flood Reconstruction Data during the Holocene #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Mark, Samuel Z; Abbott, Mark B; Rodbell, Donald T; Moy, Christopher M #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Mark, Samuel Z., Mark B. Abbott, Donald T. Rodbell, Christopher M. Moy # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-09-01 # Published_Title:  XRF analysis of Laguna Pallcacocha sediments yields new insights into Holocene El Niño development # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 593 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: 117657 # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117657 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract:  The laminated sedimentary sequence of Ecuador’s Laguna Pallcacocha is one of the most widely cited proxy records of Holocene El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. Previous efforts to reconstruct flood-driven laminae from Laguna Pallcacocha relied solely on sediment color, a useful but non-specific metric of flood events. We improved the chronology with 210Pb and additional 14C dates over the past millennium, which allows for comparison of the sedimentary record with historically documented El Niño events. Additionally, we use elemental composition derived from X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) to reconstruct flood history at Pallcacocha. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the XRF dataset identifies minerogenic flood-driven clastic laminae. The first principal component (PC1) of the XRF data and red color intensity are positively correlated over the past 7.5 kyr, but the color record fails to capture high frequency variability that is preserved in the XRF dataset during the early Holocene (approximately 7.5-11 kyr BP). The new XRF dataset indicates moderate El Niño activity during the early Holocene, suppressed El Niño activity in the middle Holocene, and enhanced El Niño activity during the late Holocene. This pattern is relatively common among other ENSO records, and has been attributed to long-term changes in tropical insolation. Some intervals-most notably between 3-2 kyr BP and during the last millennium-deviate from expected trends if insolation was the sole forcing mechanism. Previously proposed mechanisms linking ENSO to latitudinal displacement of the ITCZ and ocean-atmospheric variabilities in other ocean basins appear to play an additional role in modulating Holocene ENSO development, as demonstrated by statistically significant correlations between the revised Laguna Pallcacocha flood history and proxy records from the Atlantic. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: 502227 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Laguna Pallcacocha # Location: Ecuador # Northernmost_Latitude: -2.766667 # Southernmost_Latitude: -2.766667 # Easternmost_Longitude: -79.233333 # Westernmost_Longitude: -79.233333 # Elevation_m: 4200 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Pallcacocha Floods Mark2022 # First_Year: 11900 # Last_Year: 0 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: 7.2 # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction # Notes: Pallcacocha B98, Pallcacocha C98, Pallcacocha A17, Pallcacocha A18 #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # id ages ageSds position thickness calCurves # Surface -48 1 0 1 normal # P1 -46.28273105 17.54394879 1 1 normal # P2 -44.17622117 17.22487974 3.25 0.5 normal # P3 -41.15522913 16.91689934 4.25 0.5 normal # P4 -37.63765064 16.60207155 5.25 0.5 normal # P5 -34.61283656 15.6379964 6.25 0.5 normal # P6 -31.46011213 15.6957866 7.25 0.5 normal # P7 -27.19332895 15.46175195 8.25 0.5 normal # P8 -23.85396408 15.50221749 9.25 0.5 normal # P9 -21.25597598 15.41319135 10.25 0.5 normal # P10 -16.66873026 16.02541085 11.25 0.5 normal # P11 -13.78708036 16.36974432 12.75 0.5 normal # P12 -8.40210502 17.04751643 15.75 0.5 normal # P13 3.98706748 20.79397329 16.75 0.5 normal # P14 38.19405314 21.99446506 19.5 1 normal # P15 68.1145277 37.26801014 20.5 1 normal # P16 118.3426596 76.24361541 22.5 1 normal # Pitt-2716 Pallcacocha C98-1 19-20cm .083mgC 870 25 59.5 1 intcal20 # Pallcacocha Core C98 Drive 1, 24-25cm. 530 25 64.5 1 intcal20 # Pitt-2718 Pallcacocha C98-1 52-54cm .038mgC 880 45 93 2 intcal20 # Pallcacocha. Core C98 Drive 1, 67-69cm. 715 20 108 2 intcal20 # Pallca98-1 1320 60 127.6 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-2 1760 50 139.3 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-3 2480 60 163.6 1 intcal20 # Pallca2500 tephra 2500 110 165 1 normal # Pallca98-4 3060 60 189.2 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-5 4040 60 254.5 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-6 4645 70 282.7 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-7 6190 70 351.5 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-8 7880 60 414.8 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-9 8750 60 476.8 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-10 9540 60 514.2 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-11 10930 160 610.4 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-12 11770 70 651 1 intcal20 # Pallca98-13 12470 80 693.6 1 intcal20 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Age age,,,calendar year before present,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,100 year bins centered on this year (BP) ## Floods_per_100yrs event layer,,,count,,paleolimnology;climate reconstructions,,,N,Floods per 100 years; XRF PC1 peaks per 100 year bin (see methods) #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA Age Floods_per_100yrs 0 16 100 9 200 12 300 11 400 12 500 10 600 8 700 13 800 10 900 14 1000 12 1100 10 1200 14 1300 12 1400 10 1500 13 1600 8 1700 8 1800 8 1900 8 2000 5 2100 6 2200 11 2300 6 2400 5 2500 7 2600 7 2700 6 2800 5 2900 7 3000 6 3100 9 3200 8 3300 8 3400 8 3500 7 3600 9 3700 9 3800 10 3900 9 4000 10 4100 8 4200 5 4300 10 4400 6 4500 9 4600 9 4700 10 4800 9 4900 6 5000 6 5100 8 5200 9 5300 8 5400 9 5500 8 5600 7 5700 8 5800 6 5900 8 6000 5 6100 6 6200 8 6300 5 6400 4 6500 7 6600 5 6700 6 6800 5 6900 7 7000 9 7100 7 7200 7 7300 8 7400 4 7500 8 7600 7 7700 8 7800 9 7900 8 8000 11 8100 10 8200 7 8300 9 8400 9 8500 10 8600 6 8700 7 8800 8 8900 6 9000 9 9100 10 9200 10 9300 8 9400 8 9500 10 9600 7 9700 10 9800 11 9900 10 10000 9 10100 10 10200 5 10300 9 10400 8 10500 8 10600 7 10700 6 10800 10 10900 7 11000 8 11100 6 11200 10 11300 6 11400 9 11500 7 11600 7 11700 10 11800 8 11900 10