Lago Plomo 470 Year Winter Precipitation Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Lago Plomo 470 Year Winter Precipitation Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 11/2011 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Elbert, J., M. Grosjean, L. von Gunten, R. Urrutia, D. Fischer, R. Wartenburger, D. Ariztegui, and M. Fujak. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2011-140 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Elbert, J., et al. 2011. Lago Plomo 470 Year Winter Precipitation Reconstruction. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2011-140. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Elbert, J., M. Grosjean, L. von Gunten, R. Urrutia, D. Fischer, R. Wartenburger, D. Ariztegui, and M. Fujak. In press 2012. Quantitative high-resolution winter (JJA) precipitation reconstruction from varved sediments of Lago Plomo 47°S, Patagonian Andes, AD 1530-2001. The Holocene, OnlineFirst November 15, 2011. doi:10.1177/0959683611425547 ABSTRACT: High-resolution climate reconstructions from a range of natural archives across the world are fundamental to place current climate change into perspective. Paleoclimate records for the Southern Hemisphere are scarce and only a few quantitative high-resolution reconstructions exist for the past millennium. We present a record of annually laminated sediments of Lago Plomo (46°59'S, 72°52'W, 203 m a.s.l.) located east of the Northern Patagonian Ice Field (NPI). Radiometric dating (210Pb, 137Cs, 14C AMS) is consistent with counts of millimetre-scale laminae, confirming the annual nature of the laminae couplets with a light summer and a dark winter layer. The varves were analyzed for thickness, mass accumulation rate (MAR), scanning x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning reflectance spectroscopy in the visible range (VIS-RS). MAR data were calibrated against austral winter (JJA) precipitation data (CRU TS 3.0) for the period AD 1930–2002 (r = 0.67, p (aut) < 0.05). Using a linear inverse regression model we reconstructed winter precipitation for Lago Plomo back to AD 1530. The root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) is small (13.3 mm/month; 12% of the average precipitation) compared with the pronounced decadal and multidecadal variability, suggesting that most of the reconstructed variability is significant. Wetter phases (reference AD 1930-2002) were observed around AD 1600, AD 1630-1690 and AD 1780-1850, and a prolonged drier period AD 1690- 1780 with a multidecadal minimum centered on AD 1770. The spatial correlation for South America suggests that the JJA precipitation record from Lago Plomo is representative for large areas in the southwest between c. 41°S and 51°S. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Patagonian Andes PERIOD OF RECORD: 1530-2001 AD FUNDING SOURCES: Swiss National Science Foundation (NF-200020-121869), Chilean Swiss Joint Research Programme (Grant CJRP 1001). DESCRIPTION: Austral Winter (JJA) precipitation reconstruction from varved sediments collected in Lago Plomo, Patagonian Andes. Mass accumulation rate (MAR) data correlate with austral winter (JJA) precipitation data (CRU TS 3.0), and are used to develop the 470 year austral winter precipitation reconstruction. For the reconstruction, the raw MAR data was detrended with LOESS and a 5 year filter was applied. The record indicates lower winter precipitation (with regard to the twentieth century) for the second half of the sixteenth century followed by two decades with higher precipitation AD 1590-1610. Precipitation falls below the twentieth-century mean AD 1610-1630 while the second half of the seventeenth century was very humid. The eighteenth century experiences greater variability and generally very dry conditions. The end of the eighteenth century is characterized by a sharp rise in precipitation above average AD 1780-1850, followed by drying until the end of the nineteenth century. Decadal and multidecadal variability is pronounced during the entire record. Lago Plomo, Chile: 46°59'S, 72°52'W, 203 m a.s.l., 29m depth DATA: 1. Lago Plomo 470 Year Mass Accumulation Rate and Varve Thickness Data Figure 4, Elbert et al. 2012 Age MAR(mg/cm2/yr) Varve Thickness (mm) 2002 0.13327185 2.7 2001 0.09235098 1.8 2000 0.09915757 1.85 1999 0.12969101 2.28 1998 0.12429622 2.07 1997 0.18183929 2.91 1996 0.1354781 2.28 1995 0.14588885 2.54 1994 0.11661513 2.12 1993 0.10781168 2.01 1992 0.11161421 2.02 1991 0.11147427 1.96 1990 0.114002 2.01 1989 0.11685614 2.07 1988 0.08108643 1.43 1987 0.09099802 1.59 1986 0.10118135 1.75 1985 0.06495874 1.11 1984 0.09127942 1.54 1983 0.18208314 3.02 1982 0.10993294 1.8 1981 0.14065187 2.33 1980 0.1446441 2.44 1979 0.12178796 2.01 1978 0.13734646 2.22 1977 0.12263131 1.96 1976 0.14910504 2.38 1975 0.14165159 2.28 1974 0.16025188 2.65 1973 0.09453865 1.59 1972 0.0999201 1.69 1971 0.12458199 2.12 1970 0.12110632 2.06 1969 0.12072083 2.06 1968 0.13126523 2.28 1967 0.14841544 2.59 1966 0.12864094 2.22 1965 0.14357804 2.43 1964 0.13712242 2.28 1963 0.15415147 2.54 1962 0.15922357 2.59 1961 0.16308173 2.61 1960 0.21557272 3.39 1959 0.15045423 2.33 1958 0.1864831 2.86 1957 0.18414048 2.81 1956 0.17471776 2.65 1955 0.10580043 1.59 1954 0.1705313 2.54 1953 0.10805956 1.59 1952 0.09635881 1.43 1951 0.1399976 2.06 1950 0.17619407 2.6 1949 0.18040656 2.65 1948 0.16307523 2.38 1947 0.19480932 2.8 1946 0.08964941 1.27 1945 0.08969089 1.27 1944 0.16660065 2.38 1943 0.09917615 1.43 1942 0.09514436 1.38 1941 0.22393321 3.28 1940 0.151274 2.17 1939 0.18976432 2.65 1938 0.18087677 2.49 1937 0.19426704 2.7 1936 0.15663816 2.23 1935 0.18993319 2.75 1934 0.19681694 2.86 1933 0.14273509 2.06 1932 0.15361677 2.17 1931 0.16519701 2.28 1930 0.17724953 2.38 1929 0.19405383 2.54 1928 0.16929259 2.17 1927 0.28483917 3.66 1926 0.18549389 2.33 1925 0.10334204 1.27 1924 0.13395985 1.64 1923 0.07762707 0.95 1922 0.10380765 1.27 1921 0.12037706 1.48 1920 0.16194147 2.01 1919 0.2526274 3.17 1918 0.2139305 2.7 1917 0.16858019 2.12 1916 0.16578785 2.06 1915 0.14657993 1.8 1914 0.2057959 2.49 1913 0.159683 1.91 1912 0.1524177 1.85 1911 0.15022555 1.85 1910 0.17406094 2.22 1909 0.22045022 2.81 1908 0.13825483 1.75 1907 0.12964044 1.64 1906 0.16199205 2.02 1905 0.16196238 1.96 1904 0.17672545 2.12 1903 0.17627101 2.12 1902 0.19897434 2.38 1901 0.17901915 2.12 1900 0.17681623 2.06 1899 0.20461696 2.33 1898 0.19120374 2.12 1897 0.19144955 2.17 1896 0.23115615 2.6 1895 0.23321264 2.54 1894 0.22039599 2.38 1893 0.20167032 2.17 1892 0.19868264 2.12 1891 0.21013379 2.22 1890 0.19302774 2.01 1889 0.1955922 2.01 1888 0.22725768 2.33 1887 0.20139468 2.06 1886 0.17125311 1.75 1885 0.15081055 1.54 1884 0.18151421 1.85 1883 0.1877168 1.9 1882 0.18504429 1.86 1881 0.16123232 1.61 1880 0.20269702 2.01 1879 0.17760723 1.75 1878 0.15620057 1.54 1877 0.13381636 1.32 1876 0.11754298 1.16 1875 0.17211256 1.7 1874 0.23054275 2.28 1873 0.24090129 2.38 1872 0.17788954 1.75 1871 0.14073184 1.38 1870 0.10820206 1.06 1869 0.1900462 1.86 1868 0.25068962 2.45 1867 0.22874146 2.23 1866 0.22927872 2.23 1865 0.23064808 2.24 1864 0.22892243 2.22 1863 0.21830059 2.12 1862 0.22408167 2.18 1861 0.20740074 2.02 1860 0.25541266 2.49 1859 0.1189544 1.16 1858 0.14153632 1.38 1857 0.30469039 2.97 1856 0.2716461 2.65 1855 0.21706056 2.12 1854 0.18861608 1.85 1853 0.10773687 1.06 1852 0.10753937 1.06 1851 0.2010025 1.96 1850 0.15886718 1.53 1849 0.19416801 1.85 1848 0.19001571 1.8 1847 0.21985994 2.07 1846 0.22094761 2.07 1845 0.26166203 2.44 1844 0.22689911 2.12 1843 0.20854116 1.96 1842 0.2413734 2.28 1841 0.26998787 2.56 1840 0.25069777 2.38 1839 0.3093983 2.93 1838 0.37414855 3.55 1837 0.21335779 2.03 1836 0.17249083 1.64 1835 0.20629181 1.96 1834 0.20154836 1.91 1833 0.19057008 1.8 1832 0.27107801 2.55 1831 0.21469184 2.01 1830 0.25507332 2.38 1829 0.22271253 2.08 1828 0.29662308 2.76 1827 0.36882981 3.33 1826 0.34665084 3.07 1825 0.30666734 2.7 1824 0.23872034 2.12 1823 0.23003803 2.06 1822 0.18089396 1.62 1821 0.18981777 1.7 1820 0.14519045 1.3 1819 0.22585649 2.02 1818 0.15223529 1.36 1817 0.1837152 1.64 1816 0.23646677 2.11 1815 0.17041652 1.52 1814 0.19395022 1.73 1813 0.20736035 1.85 1812 0.22304297 1.99 1811 0.21205201 1.89 1810 0.25496677 2.27 1809 0.273439 2.43 1808 0.36089874 3.2 1807 0.24717677 2.19 1806 0.28252091 2.5 1805 0.34269206 3.02 1804 0.27299538 2.4 1803 0.2663202 2.34 1802 0.32053018 2.82 1801 0.2211261 1.95 1800 0.27049961 2.39 1799 0.28913566 2.56 1798 0.29670293 2.62 1797 0.27738222 2.44 1796 0.22999928 2.03 1795 0.24846898 2.2 1794 0.23021531 2.04 1793 0.24585783 2.18 1792 0.25276646 2.24 1791 0.22038548 1.95 1790 0.26809487 2.37 1789 0.26910934 2.38 1788 0.28016545 2.48 1787 0.2210838 1.96 1786 0.31280091 2.78 1785 0.28783545 2.57 1784 0.27227001 2.44 1783 0.24145014 2.17 1782 0.23870461 2.15 1781 0.20396388 1.84 1780 0.17049292 1.54 1779 0.22684691 2.05 1778 0.22451234 2.03 1777 0.18136879 1.64 1776 0.15042812 1.36 1775 0.14491888 1.31 1774 0.21469928 1.94 1773 0.17496626 1.58 1772 0.13627511 1.23 1771 0.15072526 1.36 1770 0.18179908 1.64 1769 0.19626169 1.77 1768 0.20378381 1.84 1767 0.161375 1.46 1766 0.17982808 1.63 1765 0.17755408 1.61 1764 0.2294273 2.08 1763 0.15113178 1.37 1762 0.16430247 1.49 1761 0.12566071 1.14 1760 0.14434907 1.31 1759 0.1754056 1.59 1758 0.15258701 1.38 1757 0.23726164 2.14 1756 0.18764564 1.69 1755 0.18111824 1.63 1754 0.23458505 2.11 1753 0.23638554 2.13 1752 0.25698866 2.32 1751 0.21939818 1.98 1750 0.24277158 2.19 1749 0.25027 2.26 1748 0.28412706 2.57 1747 0.24173494 2.19 1746 0.26451769 2.4 1745 0.2052409 1.86 1744 0.27645371 2.5 1743 0.2401218 2.17 1742 0.2455614 2.22 1741 0.19340651 1.75 1740 0.18322985 1.66 1739 0.21385255 1.94 1738 0.23463588 2.13 1737 0.30944904 2.81 1736 0.32696771 2.96 1735 0.21942236 1.98 1734 0.18479764 1.67 1733 0.20001024 1.81 1732 0.18975089 1.72 1731 0.19270728 1.75 1730 0.22089913 2.01 1729 0.09979226 0.91 1728 0.17840323 1.63 1727 0.15833016 1.45 1726 0.17739784 1.63 1725 0.15612952 1.44 1724 0.17175187 1.59 1723 0.21561635 2 1722 0.2391218 2.22 1721 0.26606341 2.47 1720 0.34639217 3.21 1719 0.33410236 3.09 1718 0.31509393 2.91 1717 0.37999107 3.51 1716 0.32747576 3.02 1715 0.32914478 3.03 1714 0.32185167 2.96 1713 0.26513005 2.44 1712 0.19645499 1.81 1711 0.22831522 2.11 1710 0.18534514 1.72 1709 0.25339441 2.36 1708 0.20158142 1.88 1707 0.32421039 3.03 1706 0.18005703 1.69 1705 0.17314142 1.63 1704 0.23306587 2.19 1703 0.18032267 1.69 1702 0.22341266 2.09 1701 0.27077872 2.53 1700 0.26021671 2.43 1699 0.25577273 2.39 1698 0.13927471 1.3 1697 0.30368502 2.82 1696 0.2058245 1.9 1695 0.20366927 1.88 1694 0.2317506 2.14 1693 0.16779978 1.55 1692 0.13636973 1.26 1691 0.15268654 1.41 1690 0.34257145 3.16 1689 0.20188629 1.86 1688 0.25602194 2.36 1687 0.3228448 2.98 1686 0.31154798 2.88 1685 0.31922746 2.94 1684 0.26039577 2.39 1683 0.21052663 1.93 1682 0.21379278 1.96 1681 0.25864244 2.37 1680 0.22032264 2 1679 0.27583717 2.48 1678 0.37073774 3.32 1677 0.36945852 3.32 1676 0.32598312 2.94 1675 0.29497649 2.67 1674 0.28392773 2.58 1673 0.23634563 2.16 1672 0.45818845 4.22 1671 0.4539797 4.2 1670 0.34690173 3.22 1669 0.24392182 2.27 1668 0.25518062 2.38 1667 0.25064843 2.34 1666 0.33396976 3.12 1665 0.24730951 2.31 1664 0.38966603 3.63 1663 0.31974553 2.97 1662 0.25893016 2.4 1661 0.27889905 2.58 1660 0.3574473 3.31 1659 0.38554402 3.58 1658 0.26729274 2.49 1657 0.31030946 2.9 1656 0.21021324 1.97 1655 0.27892583 2.62 1654 0.30999514 2.92 1653 0.24806011 2.34 1652 0.32512205 3.07 1651 0.41673254 3.92 1650 0.2674328 2.5 1649 0.34740675 3.23 1648 0.24109015 2.23 1647 0.22455203 2.07 1646 0.31758959 2.92 1645 0.28906627 2.65 1644 0.27235914 2.5 1643 0.40317124 3.71 1642 0.24030722 2.22 1641 0.32028152 2.97 1640 0.26960682 2.5 1639 0.3192258 2.96 1638 0.3375286 3.13 1637 0.27385597 2.54 1636 0.16170534 1.5 1635 0.27378611 2.54 1634 0.23386909 2.17 1633 0.25754224 2.39 1632 0.17346888 1.61 1631 0.17021939 1.58 1630 0.25206587 2.34 1629 0.29295282 2.72 1628 0.3424325 3.18 1627 0.32836907 3.05 1626 0.17115748 1.59 1625 0.188361 1.75 1624 0.23676714 2.2 1623 0.30774809 2.86 1622 0.28617734 2.66 1621 0.32489927 3.02 1620 0.35502238 3.3 1619 0.24528819 2.28 1618 0.24528819 2.28 1617 0.27325965 2.54 1616 0.26788052 2.49 1615 0.29585198 2.75 1614 0.24636401 2.29 1613 0.2754113 2.56 1612 0.30230693 2.81 1611 0.25604644 2.38 1610 0.25066732 2.33 1609 0.33027839 3.07 1608 0.26142557 2.43 1607 0.34211247 3.18 1606 0.34211247 3.18 1605 0.39267627 3.65 1604 0.38729714 3.6 1603 0.30768606 2.86 1602 0.33027839 3.07 1601 0.38729714 3.6 1600 0.33565752 3.12 1599 0.29154868 2.71 1598 0.28079043 2.61 1597 0.37008393 3.44 1596 0.31306519 2.91 1595 0.27325965 2.54 1594 0.28079043 2.61 1593 0.31844431 2.96 1592 0.32489927 3.02 1591 0.33027839 3.07 1590 0.30445858 2.83 1589 0.21731673 2.02 1588 0.22484751 2.09 1587 0.40451035 3.76 1586 0.40343452 3.75 1585 0.24206071 2.25 1584 0.27003217 2.51 1583 0.30553441 2.84 1582 0.27756295 2.58 1581 0.25819809 2.4 1580 0.22269586 2.07 1579 0.23560576 2.19 1578 0.33996082 3.16 1577 0.2883212 2.68 1576 0.26357722 2.45 1575 0.25712227 2.39 1574 0.25927392 2.41 1573 0.27863878 2.59 1572 0.34426412 3.2 1571 0.28724538 2.67 1570 0.27648712 2.57 1569 0.20871013 1.94 1568 0.27756295 2.58 1567 0.47228735 4.39 1566 0.28509373 2.65 1565 0.30015528 2.79 1564 0.19042109 1.77 1563 0.24743984 2.3 1562 0.30983771 2.88 1561 0.38406966 3.57 1560 0.29907946 2.78 1559 0.25819809 2.4 1558 0.24636401 2.29 1557 0.23345411 2.17 1556 0.32059597 2.98 1555 0.27433547 2.55 1554 0.30015528 2.79 1553 0.34426412 3.2 1552 0.33350587 3.1 1551 0.42279938 3.93 1550 0.26250139 2.44 1549 0.17105624 1.59 1548 0.23345411 2.17 1547 0.25712227 2.39 1546 0.2162409 2.01 1545 0.30983771 2.88 1544 0.32489927 3.02 1543 0.2840179 2.64 1542 0.30768606 2.86 1541 0.3517949 3.27 1540 0.2840179 2.64 1539 0.26142557 2.43 1538 0.2668047 2.48 1537 0.31521684 2.93 1536 0.32597509 3.03 1535 0.28509373 2.65 1534 0.29800363 2.77 1533 0.34211247 3.18 1532 0.30983771 2.88 1531 0.33135422 3.08 1530 0.34641577 3.22 1529 0.33135422 3.08 1528 0.2840179 2.64 2. Lago Plomo 470 Year Winter Precipitation Reconstruction Number Age Precip.(mm/month) Upper.97.5 Lower.97.5 1 1530 124.94993 130.20914 120.03496 2 1531 126.54601 132.19562 121.13878 3 1532 122.68512 127.39036 118.46866 4 1533 118.60609 122.30428 115.40159 5 1534 113.72685 116.31853 111.34080 6 1535 112.26760 114.63911 109.97868 7 1536 111.24513 113.41789 109.02526 8 1537 106.94862 109.26620 104.47026 9 1538 99.37808 103.02533 95.65400 10 1539 98.79293 102.58740 94.97255 11 1540 105.70250 108.11687 103.01910 12 1541 114.72247 117.49714 112.20687 13 1542 116.17555 119.27601 113.38574 14 1543 114.64576 117.40323 112.14048 15 1544 108.53234 110.66558 106.30898 16 1545 99.65437 103.23347 95.97575 17 1546 85.46521 92.77273 78.36474 18 1547 72.80445 83.97212 62.76914 19 1548 65.09193 78.63829 52.83341 20 1549 75.35197 85.73394 65.91779 21 1550 99.65548 103.23431 95.97704 22 1551 129.12557 135.40612 122.96445 23 1552 137.49530 145.82306 129.21050 24 1553 130.87668 137.58556 124.27125 25 1554 117.12799 120.43214 114.17568 26 1555 107.16346 109.45730 104.72046 27 1556 99.30962 102.97375 95.57427 28 1557 88.83697 95.25573 82.51457 29 1558 87.31463 94.13467 80.64094 30 1559 96.99822 101.26576 92.72492 31 1560 114.39521 117.09650 111.92366 32 1561 123.86187 128.85495 119.28248 33 1562 110.91867 113.03180 108.72084 34 1563 93.82879 98.93176 88.74421 35 1564 82.77886 90.87024 75.05851 36 1565 103.89033 106.44986 100.90873 37 1566 124.12943 129.18796 119.46752 38 1567 136.65662 144.77923 128.58462 39 1568 116.87847 120.13999 113.96873 40 1569 99.28402 102.95446 95.54445 41 1570 96.02446 100.54867 91.50190 42 1571 106.15391 108.53322 103.54478 43 1572 113.73760 116.33084 111.35036 44 1573 106.26057 108.63159 103.66899 45 1574 97.62028 101.72385 93.50621 46 1575 92.83732 98.20163 87.49895 47 1576 99.55166 103.15609 95.85613 48 1577 105.39385 107.83220 102.65966 49 1578 104.83404 107.31587 102.00773 50 1579 93.14274 98.42655 87.88255 51 1580 86.18199 93.30058 79.24694 52 1581 89.26342 95.56977 83.03943 53 1582 98.67619 102.50143 94.83240 54 1583 102.85124 105.55002 99.69866 55 1584 108.04607 110.22972 105.74830 56 1585 121.53688 125.96127 117.67456 57 1586 136.26579 144.29282 128.29296 58 1587 131.78681 138.71829 124.95044 59 1588 111.44694 113.66017 109.21344 60 1589 99.40300 103.04410 95.68302 61 1590 107.22406 109.51033 104.79102 62 1591 122.75889 127.48218 118.51968 63 1592 127.81707 133.77757 122.01782 64 1593 122.10753 126.67150 118.06921 65 1594 115.08924 117.94614 112.51057 66 1595 117.45813 120.83759 114.44950 67 1596 123.82982 128.81506 119.26031 68 1597 129.11097 135.38795 122.95355 69 1598 126.02539 131.54765 120.77872 70 1599 129.63470 136.03979 123.34440 71 1600 137.31946 145.60421 129.07928 72 1601 145.44156 155.84381 134.82920 73 1602 146.36101 157.01013 135.46480 74 1603 148.88193 160.20790 137.20662 75 1604 155.62371 168.75983 141.77712 76 1605 159.31016 173.43608 144.27630 77 1606 149.90016 161.49954 137.89692 78 1607 137.36203 145.65718 129.11104 79 1608 121.69572 126.15896 117.78441 80 1609 114.54307 117.27751 112.05162 81 1610 106.29952 108.66752 103.71435 82 1611 105.91472 108.31260 103.26623 83 1612 105.23934 107.68968 102.47972 84 1613 106.01963 108.40937 103.38841 85 1614 104.61750 107.11614 101.75555 86 1615 105.68964 108.10501 103.00412 87 1616 103.77892 106.35203 100.77899 88 1617 100.84986 104.13409 97.36796 89 1618 101.63196 104.66179 98.27874 90 1619 111.21848 113.38589 109.00040 91 1620 125.09871 130.39431 120.13785 92 1621 130.25197 136.80804 123.80504 93 1622 124.06040 129.10204 119.41978 94 1623 108.48789 110.62082 106.25940 95 1624 86.87477 93.81075 80.09958 96 1625 77.41776 87.16260 68.46028 97 1626 84.99683 92.42782 77.78829 98 1627 110.05145 112.15075 107.90872 99 1628 123.75013 128.71587 119.20520 100 1629 115.38111 118.30345 112.72101 101 1630 90.69356 96.62294 84.80646 102 1631 71.53697 83.09556 61.13747 103 1632 68.33248 80.87939 57.01217 104 1633 79.99376 88.94411 71.63071 105 1634 84.80275 92.28489 77.54942 106 1635 88.01118 94.64761 81.49823 107 1636 88.74576 95.18856 82.40231 108 1637 106.61550 108.95896 104.08233 109 1638 121.49317 125.90687 117.64433 110 1639 130.89298 137.60584 124.28341 111 1640 124.30134 129.40191 119.58641 112 1641 127.03016 132.79819 121.47361 113 1642 127.68396 133.61190 121.92576 114 1643 136.97262 145.17254 128.82044 115 1644 131.43931 138.28580 124.69112 116 1645 125.91349 131.40839 120.70134 117 1646 113.84522 116.45251 111.44605 118 1647 109.58241 111.71237 107.43297 119 1648 111.45441 113.66915 109.22041 120 1649 128.45209 134.56792 122.46186 121 1650 141.92765 151.38644 132.40008 122 1651 151.19445 163.14133 138.77436 123 1652 141.36456 150.67215 132.00858 124 1653 129.91897 136.39359 123.55654 125 1654 117.22538 120.55136 114.25646 126 1655 111.77345 114.05218 109.50407 127 1656 108.66049 110.79459 106.45192 128 1657 119.96671 124.01254 116.52050 129 1658 134.44098 142.02167 126.93116 130 1659 150.48818 162.24543 138.29556 131 1660 146.11498 156.69805 135.29473 132 1661 136.00485 143.96805 128.09823 133 1662 132.60227 139.73322 125.55900 134 1663 136.97799 145.17922 128.82445 135 1664 144.86650 155.11436 134.43167 136 1665 135.86208 143.79036 127.99168 137 1666 128.17670 134.22517 122.26653 138 1667 113.43975 115.98709 111.08550 139 1668 114.61556 117.36626 112.11435 140 1669 128.70504 134.88274 122.65062 141 1670 163.37682 178.59463 147.03325 142 1671 184.06187 204.83770 161.05640 143 1672 179.80071 199.42826 158.16760 144 1673 150.00977 161.63857 137.97122 145 1674 133.75886 141.17270 126.42212 146 1675 134.79406 142.46111 127.19466 147 1676 151.99197 164.15299 139.31503 148 1677 159.73597 173.97622 144.56497 149 1678 151.60873 163.66685 139.05522 150 1679 130.77613 137.46040 124.19620 151 1680 109.13871 111.27607 106.97847 152 1681 96.92518 101.21197 92.63318 153 1682 92.41140 97.88798 86.96401 154 1683 99.22452 102.90965 95.47517 155 1684 113.53228 116.09391 111.16778 156 1685 131.94470 138.91481 125.06828 157 1686 138.95101 147.63483 130.29685 158 1687 131.70765 138.61977 124.89137 159 1688 121.57428 126.00782 117.70042 160 1689 108.72618 110.86073 106.52520 161 1690 98.86310 102.63907 95.05427 162 1691 75.84473 86.07472 66.52426 163 1692 65.16184 78.68664 52.92356 164 1693 63.46090 77.51030 50.73016 165 1694 76.15116 86.28665 66.90140 166 1695 88.35826 94.90321 81.92540 167 1696 91.65744 97.33275 86.01706 168 1697 95.76196 100.35536 91.17221 169 1698 92.06026 97.62940 86.52300 170 1699 101.60663 104.64630 98.24925 171 1700 105.58496 108.00846 102.88222 172 1701 107.09838 109.40035 104.64467 173 1702 97.16573 101.38911 92.93531 174 1703 86.02025 93.18147 79.04787 175 1704 80.25880 89.12741 71.95691 176 1705 83.21099 91.16909 75.59035 177 1706 91.48569 97.20628 85.80135 178 1707 104.73813 107.22740 101.89603 179 1708 102.43470 105.24054 99.21357 180 1709 100.01674 103.50646 96.39774 181 1710 88.78872 95.22020 82.45519 182 1711 92.34967 97.84252 86.88648 183 1712 100.42960 103.81749 96.87854 184 1713 121.33564 125.71127 117.53538 185 1714 141.06302 150.28965 131.79638 186 1715 158.39716 172.27795 143.65735 187 1716 165.80749 181.67793 148.68109 188 1717 169.45006 186.29850 151.15051 189 1718 166.88871 183.04945 149.41408 190 1719 161.96219 176.80017 146.07421 191 1720 150.16422 161.83449 138.07593 192 1721 131.79439 138.72772 124.95610 193 1722 110.36254 112.44266 108.20227 194 1723 89.74195 95.92217 83.62839 195 1724 75.38172 85.75452 65.95441 196 1725 66.49271 79.60704 54.63975 197 1726 64.72351 78.38349 52.35832 198 1727 60.29071 75.31786 46.64215 199 1728 60.99767 75.80677 47.55378 200 1729 61.16581 75.92305 47.77060 201 1730 72.66703 83.87708 62.59223 202 1731 78.52384 87.92755 69.82160 203 1732 82.87835 90.93904 75.18095 204 1733 83.15549 91.13070 75.52204 205 1734 93.43195 98.63952 88.24580 206 1735 112.67392 115.10299 110.36620 207 1736 130.93796 137.66181 124.31697 208 1737 132.96498 140.18463 125.82967 209 1738 118.02463 121.55877 114.91934 210 1739 99.26667 102.94139 95.52425 211 1740 90.30338 96.33561 84.31937 212 1741 93.72420 98.85474 88.61285 213 1742 105.54994 107.97616 102.84142 214 1743 112.50372 114.90802 110.19885 215 1744 117.25927 120.59284 114.28456 216 1745 114.04948 116.68345 111.62448 217 1746 118.90153 122.68309 115.64663 218 1747 121.13946 125.46783 117.39344 219 1748 125.79506 131.26099 120.61944 220 1749 120.73690 124.96829 117.09746 221 1750 117.09611 120.39480 114.14924 222 1751 112.95260 115.42470 110.64803 223 1752 114.21331 116.87382 111.76625 224 1753 109.88747 112.02131 107.74240 225 1754 102.69629 105.43214 99.51821 226 1755 94.65813 99.54249 89.78584 227 1756 89.82078 95.98022 83.72541 228 1757 87.45109 94.23516 80.80889 229 1758 78.61540 87.99087 69.93429 230 1759 69.88724 81.95463 59.01372 231 1760 61.23491 75.97084 47.85970 232 1761 59.32418 74.64942 45.40747 233 1762 66.25150 79.44022 54.32870 234 1763 74.82482 85.36937 65.26899 235 1764 84.87872 92.34084 77.64292 236 1765 83.30961 91.23729 75.71172 237 1766 82.61456 90.75661 74.85629 238 1767 81.08520 89.69893 72.97402 239 1768 85.53420 92.82354 78.44966 240 1769 84.61504 92.14666 77.31839 241 1770 78.52192 87.92621 69.81923 242 1771 70.58014 82.43383 59.90571 243 1772 70.54872 82.41210 59.86526 244 1773 75.15427 85.59721 65.67447 245 1774 78.55786 87.95107 69.86347 246 1775 75.37618 85.75068 65.94758 247 1776 76.98902 86.86609 67.93260 248 1777 85.42611 92.74395 78.31663 249 1778 95.37832 100.07285 90.69037 250 1779 98.55427 102.41164 94.67927 251 1780 97.36063 101.53264 93.18009 252 1781 101.69875 104.70593 98.35653 253 1782 112.04376 114.37671 109.76995 254 1783 124.90725 130.15602 120.00544 255 1784 137.79518 146.19628 129.43429 256 1785 142.59949 152.23866 132.86451 257 1786 143.56045 153.45763 133.52881 258 1787 136.73923 144.88206 128.64627 259 1788 136.55815 144.65668 128.51113 260 1789 132.85166 140.04361 125.74511 261 1790 130.99406 137.73164 124.35884 262 1791 124.45240 129.58992 119.69088 263 1792 122.61834 127.30726 118.42248 264 1793 121.59884 126.03839 117.71741 265 1794 121.01086 125.30824 117.29889 266 1795 122.94845 127.71811 118.65077 267 1796 128.43949 134.55224 122.45245 268 1797 139.00350 147.70015 130.33602 269 1798 145.91299 156.44183 135.15510 270 1799 144.45003 154.58607 134.14377 271 1800 141.11230 150.35216 131.83106 272 1801 137.95912 146.40033 129.55663 273 1802 143.42750 153.28899 133.43691 274 1803 148.27364 159.43630 136.78699 275 1804 154.50057 167.33514 141.01571 276 1805 155.47587 168.57230 141.67690 277 1806 156.18655 169.47379 142.15869 278 1807 155.19039 168.21017 141.48336 279 1808 156.47064 169.83415 142.35128 280 1809 146.45608 157.13074 135.53053 281 1810 133.65113 141.03862 126.34172 282 1811 117.10356 120.40353 114.15542 283 1812 109.40297 111.53545 107.25095 284 1813 101.55602 104.61535 98.19031 285 1814 98.90213 102.66782 95.09973 286 1815 96.78526 101.10893 92.45745 287 1816 97.00321 101.26943 92.73119 288 1817 94.54041 99.45580 89.63798 289 1818 90.16992 96.23733 84.15512 290 1819 89.57680 95.80055 83.42512 291 1820 86.66642 93.65732 79.84315 292 1821 92.10646 97.66342 86.58101 293 1822 98.31867 102.23815 94.38337 294 1823 116.08512 119.16529 113.31074 295 1824 136.00651 143.97012 128.09947 296 1825 161.42560 176.11950 145.71044 297 1826 177.66218 196.71555 156.71781 298 1827 177.63063 196.67553 156.69643 299 1828 161.10548 175.71344 145.49342 300 1829 139.71785 148.58923 130.84977 301 1830 129.98324 136.47358 123.60450 302 1831 123.57941 128.50340 119.08713 303 1832 121.82763 126.32314 117.87563 304 1833 112.42281 114.81587 110.12341 305 1834 106.15765 108.53667 103.54914 306 1835 101.58007 104.63006 98.21832 307 1836 112.73691 115.17570 110.43344 308 1837 134.37609 141.94090 126.88274 309 1838 157.74215 171.44706 143.21329 310 1839 162.71102 177.75006 146.58187 311 1840 153.81997 166.47179 140.55430 312 1841 139.55269 148.38368 130.73355 313 1842 129.41638 135.76807 123.18147 314 1843 125.25355 130.58703 120.24494 315 1844 124.78163 129.99967 119.91856 316 1845 126.74856 132.44770 121.27885 317 1846 122.49840 127.15798 118.33953 318 1847 115.59882 118.56997 112.90741 319 1848 105.05112 107.51608 102.26052 320 1849 100.09317 103.56404 96.48675 321 1850 91.08852 96.91380 85.30251 322 1851 82.75206 90.85170 75.02552 323 1852 72.83604 83.99397 62.80981 324 1853 76.18759 86.31184 66.94623 325 1854 94.08436 99.11996 89.06520 326 1855 120.67082 124.88628 117.04887 327 1856 134.74360 142.39830 127.15700 328 1857 127.40525 133.26502 121.73301 329 1858 108.88529 111.02093 106.70268 330 1859 99.92970 103.44089 96.29638 331 1860 108.41310 110.55092 106.17572 332 1861 117.72123 121.16976 114.66771 333 1862 124.03233 129.06710 119.40036 334 1863 123.67952 128.62800 119.15637 335 1864 126.58137 132.23963 121.16323 336 1865 128.01764 134.02720 122.15653 337 1866 130.36759 136.95194 123.89133 338 1867 129.32402 135.65312 123.11255 339 1868 120.14269 124.23091 116.65283 340 1869 102.17162 105.04943 98.90721 341 1870 86.03441 93.19190 79.06530 342 1871 87.02725 93.92304 80.28725 343 1872 101.53388 104.60181 98.16453 344 1873 116.47485 119.64240 113.63397 345 1874 114.10073 116.74140 111.66883 346 1875 99.11349 102.82600 95.34587 347 1876 83.44388 91.33015 75.87698 348 1877 80.18289 89.07491 71.86349 349 1878 88.12569 94.73194 81.63916 350 1879 97.48829 101.62665 93.34044 351 1880 103.29494 105.92704 100.21537 352 1881 103.43327 106.04851 100.37647 353 1882 104.60657 107.10606 101.74283 354 1883 102.96500 105.63732 99.83114 355 1884 101.22620 104.41363 97.80622 356 1885 99.46267 103.08905 95.75250 357 1886 105.18656 107.64101 102.41826 358 1887 113.67138 116.25450 111.29148 359 1888 120.24692 124.36025 116.73120 360 1889 120.49514 124.66827 116.91785 361 1890 119.30746 123.19446 115.98330 362 1891 119.27144 123.14976 115.95343 363 1892 121.08889 125.40508 117.35627 364 1893 125.03400 130.31377 120.09310 365 1894 130.39011 136.97997 123.90813 366 1895 133.09575 140.34739 125.92726 367 1896 130.62616 137.27376 124.08429 368 1897 124.36880 129.48587 119.63306 369 1898 119.08089 122.91305 115.79538 370 1899 115.81151 118.83034 113.08381 371 1900 113.95688 116.57875 111.54534 372 1901 113.05654 115.54470 110.74190 373 1902 112.82665 115.27930 110.52924 374 1903 110.47666 112.55992 108.30867 375 1904 107.19934 109.48870 104.76224 376 1905 100.89420 104.16749 97.41959 377 1906 95.49045 100.15542 90.83121 378 1907 95.00776 99.79997 90.22497 379 1908 100.71551 104.03288 97.21150 380 1909 108.83795 110.97326 106.64986 381 1910 108.40707 110.54565 106.16870 382 1911 104.00116 106.54768 101.03780 383 1912 102.54574 105.32121 99.34289 384 1913 105.29850 107.74425 102.54861 385 1914 109.43833 111.56888 107.28682 386 1915 107.30451 109.58075 104.88472 387 1916 110.12247 112.21569 107.97841 388 1917 118.40260 122.04338 115.23283 389 1918 128.75260 134.94193 122.68612 390 1919 128.22201 134.28156 122.29787 391 1920 111.75490 114.02991 109.48788 392 1921 90.03625 96.13889 83.99059 393 1922 75.56550 85.88161 66.18059 394 1923 71.13039 82.81437 60.61406 395 1924 79.69511 88.73757 71.26314 396 1925 97.54764 101.67035 93.41497 397 1926 119.89414 123.92249 116.46593 398 1927 135.52624 143.37238 127.74106 399 1928 133.67931 141.07370 126.36276 400 1929 127.09703 132.88141 121.51985 401 1930 117.20304 120.52400 114.23792 402 1931 112.25349 114.62304 109.96552 403 1932 109.72166 111.85531 107.57421 404 1933 112.38311 114.77066 110.08639 405 1934 118.32139 121.93926 115.16547 406 1935 121.95089 126.47655 117.96088 407 1936 122.51392 127.17729 118.35026 408 1937 124.37934 129.49899 119.64035 409 1938 123.51176 128.41920 119.04035 410 1939 126.17106 131.72895 120.87947 411 1940 120.19280 124.29310 116.69051 412 1941 113.60112 116.17339 111.22900 413 1942 100.22218 103.66123 96.63699 414 1943 92.87623 98.23028 87.54782 415 1944 88.41183 94.94266 81.99133 416 1945 89.73515 95.91716 83.62002 417 1946 96.39279 100.81991 91.96452 418 1947 109.83519 111.97184 107.68936 419 1948 120.11296 124.19402 116.63047 420 1949 123.86889 128.86368 119.28733 421 1950 115.80440 118.82163 113.07791 422 1951 104.39293 106.90902 101.49404 423 1952 96.60955 100.97954 92.23676 424 1953 95.15132 99.90568 90.40527 425 1954 102.81171 105.51995 99.65263 426 1955 109.32957 111.46606 107.17651 427 1956 120.66782 124.88256 117.04667 428 1957 125.85884 131.34037 120.66355 429 1958 132.25740 139.30398 125.30163 430 1959 131.61849 138.50880 124.82483 431 1960 133.21577 140.49677 126.01683 432 1961 128.53512 134.67126 122.52382 433 1962 123.68352 128.63298 119.15914 434 1963 117.18270 120.49911 114.22106 435 1964 113.11266 115.60948 110.79257 436 1965 111.56412 113.80086 109.32139 437 1966 110.24298 112.32962 108.09078 438 1967 110.11352 112.20723 107.97006 439 1968 107.37525 109.64265 104.96709 440 1969 105.01967 107.48708 102.22391 441 1970 101.79489 104.77576 98.46849 442 1971 98.62219 102.46166 94.76457 443 1972 98.31589 102.23610 94.37987 444 1973 102.24075 105.09965 98.98772 445 1974 111.65488 113.90982 109.40059 446 1975 116.11401 119.20066 113.33470 447 1976 117.46141 120.84165 114.45221 448 1977 113.27261 115.79414 110.93689 449 1978 113.11887 115.61665 110.79818 450 1979 113.48168 116.03549 111.12279 451 1980 114.89206 117.70475 112.35363 452 1981 117.34758 120.70093 114.35780 453 1982 116.24212 119.35749 113.44095 454 1983 112.89848 115.36223 110.59916 455 1984 101.55284 104.61340 98.18660 456 1985 93.52914 98.71109 88.36786 457 1986 89.63971 95.84688 83.50255 458 1987 92.28380 97.79401 86.80375 459 1988 96.50448 100.90216 92.10480 460 1989 101.69133 104.70054 98.34789 461 1990 105.46521 107.89801 102.74276 462 1991 107.26626 109.54727 104.84017 463 1992 107.36145 109.63057 104.95103 464 1993 110.13094 112.22369 107.98630 465 1994 115.19191 118.07182 112.58411 466 1995 124.31814 129.42282 119.59802 467 1996 129.66751 136.08062 123.36888 468 1997 132.75591 139.92443 125.67365 469 1998 125.84255 131.32010 120.65228 470 1999 118.23060 121.82285 115.09017 471 2000 111.25380 113.42829 109.03334