# Martin Lake, Indiana 2100 Year Stable Isotope and Lithics Data
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Template Version 2.0
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21061
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017river-iso.txt
#
# Original_Source_URL: 
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Paleolimnology
#
# Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, geochemistry  
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2013-01-31
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Martin Lake, Indiana 2100 Year Stable Isotope and Lithics Data
#--------------------
# Investigators
# 	Investigators: Bird, B.W.; Wilson, J.J.; Gilhooly, W.P. III; Steinman, B.A.; Stamps, L. 
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: 2100 year record of calcite oxygen and carbon isotopes and %lithics from laminated lake sediments collected in 
#	Martin Lake, Lagrange County, Indiana, USA. 
#	Provided Keywords: North American paleoclimate, Little Ice Age, Medieval Climate Anomaly, Pacific North American mode, Mississippians
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: Broxton W. Bird, Jeremy J. Wilson, William P. Gilhooly III, Byron A. Steinman, and Lucas Stamps 
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-01-31
#	Published_Title: Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes
#	Journal_Name: Scientific Reports 
#	Volume: 7
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 
#	Pages: 
#	Report_Number: 41628 
#	DOI: 10.1038/srep41628 
#	Online_Resource: 
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Climate's influence on late Pre-Columbian (pre-1492 CE), maize-dependent Native American populations in the midcontinental United States (US) is poorly understood as regional paleoclimate records are sparse and/or provide conflicting perspectives. Here, we reconstruct regional changes in precipitation source and seasonality and local changes in warm-season duration and rainstorm events related to the Pacific North American pattern (PNA) using a 2100-year-long multi-proxy lake-sediment record from the midcontinental US. Wet midcontinental climate reflecting negative PNA-like conditions occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (950-1250 CE) as Native American populations adopted intensive maize agriculture, facilitating population aggregation and the development of urban centers between 1000-1200 CE. Intensifying midcontinental socio-political instability and warfare between 1250-1350 CE corresponded with drier positive PNA-like conditions, culminating in the staggered abandonment of many major Native American river valley settlements and large urban centers between 1350-1450 CE during an especially severe warm-season drought. We hypothesize that this sustained drought interval rendered it difficult to support dense populations and large urban centers in the midcontinental US by destabilizing regional agricultural systems, thereby contributing to the host of socio-political factors that led to population reorganization and migration in the midcontinent and neighboring regions shortly before European contact.
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
#	Grant: IUCRG 2471521 
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Martin Lake
#	Location: North America>United States Of America>Indiana
#	Country: United States Of America
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 41.564
#	Southernmost_Latitude: 41.564 
#	Easternmost_Longitude: -85.383
#	Westernmost_Longitude: -85.383
#	Elevation: 274 m  
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Martin2017river-iso
#	Earliest_Year: -64  
#	Most_Recent_Year: -65
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP 
#	Core_Length: m
#	Notes: river water isotopes
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
# 
#----------------
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
## date	Date, , , , , , mo/da/yy format, ,C
## name	River Name, , , , , , , ,C
## d18Owater	delta18O, river water, , per mil VPDB, May-January, Paleolimnology, White River, ,N 
## d2Hwater	delta2H, river water, , per mil VPDB, May-January, Paleolimnology, White River, ,N 
## lat	latitude, , , degrees, , , , ,N
## lon	longitude, , , degrees, , , , ,N
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
date	name	d18Owater	d2Hwater	lat	lon
11/23/2014	White River	-6.8	-43.8	39.86236	-86.16171
12/2/2014	White River	-6.7	-44.0	39.76912	-86.17644
12/3/2014	White River	-7.0	-45.8	39.86236	-86.16171
12/14/2014	White River	-7.3	-47.5	39.86236	-86.16171
12/15/2014	White River	-7.2	-46.2	39.76912	-86.17644
1/2/2015	White River	-7.2	-45.6	39.76912	-86.17644
1/2/2015	White River	-7.3	-45.9	39.86236	-86.16171
1/20/2015	White River	-8.1	-52.3	39.76912	-86.17644
2/4/2015	White River	-6.7	-46.2	39.86236	-86.16171
2/14/2015	White River	-8.2	-52.3	39.86236	-86.16171
3/4/2015	White River	-7.8	-49.3	39.86236	-86.16171
3/15/2015	White River	-9.2	-61.0	39.86236	-86.16171
3/21/2015	White River	-8.3	-54.4	39.86236	-86.16171
3/29/2015	White River	-9.1	-60.6	39.86236	-86.16171
4/15/2015	White River	-7.4	-46.8	39.86236	-86.16171
4/26/2015	White River	-7.7	-50.8	39.86236	-86.16171
5/1/2015	White River	-7.5	-49.4	39.86236	-86.16171
5/15/2015	White River	-6.6	-42.8	39.86236	-86.16171
6/2/2015	White River	-5.6	-32.1	39.86236	-86.16171
7/1/2015	White River	-6.8	-45.3	39.86236	-86.16171
8/8/2015	White River	-6.4	-40.9	39.86236	-86.16171
8/16/2015	White River	-6.3	-40.0	39.86236	-86.16171
9/2/2015	White River	-6.4	-41.9	39.86236	-86.16171
9/16/2015	White River	-6.5	-42.6	39.86236	-86.16171
9/19/2015	White River	-6.2	-40.4	39.86236	-86.16171
10/1/2015	White River	-6.3	-40.9	39.86236	-86.16171
10/17/2015	White River	-6.4	-42.2	39.86236	-86.16171
10/30/2015	White River	-6.9	-45.2	39.86236	-86.16171
11/14/2015	White River	-7.2	-46.6	39.86236	-86.16171