Takahula Lake, Alaska 8,000 Year Stable Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Takahula Lake, Alaska 8,000 Year Stable Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 1/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Clegg, B.F. and F.S. Hu. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-008 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Clegg, B.F. and F.S. Hu. 2010. Takahula Lake, Alaska 8,000 Year Stable Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-008. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Clegg, B.F. and F.S. Hu. 2010. An oxygen-isotope record of Holocene climate change in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 29, Issues 7-8, pp. 928-939, April 2010. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.12.009. ABSTRACT: Understanding the ecological and socio-economic impacts of climatic warming requires knowledge of associated changes in moisture balance. Reconstructions of Holocene moisture- balance variation offer indispensible baseline information against which recent changes can be evaluated. We analyzed Charastem encrustations in the sediments of Takahula Lake, located in the south-central Brooks Range of Alaska, for oxygen and carbon-isotope composition to infer climatic change over the past 8000 years. To help constrain climatic interpretations of the sediment d18O record, we also analyzed water samples from Takahula and other lakes in the region for oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition. Results show that winter precipitation dominates the water balance of these lakes and that post-input evaporation is a key control of lake-water isotope composition of Takahula Lake. Stratigraphic patterns in Chara-d18O, supplemented by those in d13C and sediment lithology, reveal distinct changes in effective moisture (precipitation minus evaporation) over the past 8000 years. Effective moisture was relatively high from 8000 to 5000 cal BP, with marked fluctuations between 6800 and 5000 cal BP. It then decreased to reach a minimum around 4000 cal BP and increased with fluctuations from 4000 to ~2500 cal BP, followed by a decreasing trend toward the present that was interrupted by a wet Little Ice Age (centered at 400 cal BP). Aridity during the 20th century was among the highest of the entire 8000-year record. At the millennial timescale, the temporal patterns of moisture-balance shifts at Takahula Lake are broadly coherent with those inferred from previous paleoclimate records from the region. The Chara-d18O values around 5600 cal BP and during the Little Ice Age are up to 5‰ lower than at present and 3.6‰ lower than that of the modern input-water to the lake. These exceptionally low values suggest that factors other than effective moisture must have contributed to the pronounced variations in the Takahula Lake d18O record. Increased winter precipitation associated with a westerly Aleutian Low position may account for 1‰ of the d18O decrease. Other factors leading to the 18O-depletion during these periods probably include decreased temperatures, as well as increased lake-ice cover and associated reductions in evaporation. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: NW North America PERIOD OF RECORD: 8000 YRBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: US National Science Foundation grants OPP 0108702 and ARC 0612366 to FSH. DESCRIPTION: Centennial resolution isotope and geochemical data for Takahula Lake, Alaska, for the past 8000 years, plus surface lake-water isotope data from other Brooks Range lakes. Takahula Lake: 67°21'N, 153°40'W, 275 m asl DATA: 1. 14C data depth_up: top depth of interval in cm depth_down: bottom depth of interval in cm age_14C: raw 14C-age estimate in years BP error_14C: 2 sigma error estimate of 14C age age_calBP: mean calibrated 14C-age estimate in cal BP error_calBP: 2 sigma error estimate of calibrated 14C age comments: description of material used for AMS analysis depth_up depth_down age_14C error_14C age_calBP error_calBP comments 10 11 765 40 701 43 wood 25 26 2100 35 2055 105 twig 30 31 2450 45 2535 185 wood 45 46 3700 50 4025 135 wood 103 104 5185 40 5940 60 wood (date removed) 143 144 4545 35 5180 140 wood 186 187 4960 30 5675 75 wood 242 243 5965 50 6785 125 needle 253.5 254 6910 60 7735 125 wood 2. 210Pb data depth_up: top depth of interval in cm depth_down: bottom depth of interval in cm age_down: Age at the bottom of the interval in BP error: 2 sigma error estimate of age depth_up depth_down age_down error 0 0.5 -49.4 1.4 0.5 1 -39.9 1.6 1 1.5 -29.9 1.7 1.5 2 -14.9 2 2 2.5 -1 2.2 2.5 3 24.8 5.9 3 3.5 30.8 6.1 3.5 4 49.8 11.6 3. Geochemical Analyses depth_up: top depth of interval in cm depth_down: bottom depth of interval in cm age_up: Age at the top of the interval in cal BP age_down: Age at the bottom of the interval in cal BP d18O: Oxygen isotopic ratios of authigenic carbonate (reported in ‰ V-PDB) d13C: Carbon isotopic ratios of authigenic carbonate (reported in ‰ V-PDB) CaCO3_influx: calcium carbonate influx as determined by Loss On Ignition of bulk sediment expressed as g/cm^2/year depth_up depth_down age_up age_down d18O d13C CaCO3_influx 0 0.5 -52 -49 -17.707 -2.38 0.012851351 0.5 1 -49 -40 -17.9 -2.649 0.010516151 1 1.5 -40 -30 -17.621 -2.613 0 1.5 2 -30 -15 -18.021 -2.237 0 2 2.5 -15 -1 -18.293 -2.564 0 2.5 3 -1 25 -18.624 -2.47 0.001899395 3 3.5 25 31 -18.512 -2.598 0.00542191 3.5 4 31 50 -20.776 -5.3 0.001080605 4 4.5 50 104 -19.25 -3.756 0.000224546 4.5 5 104 158 -19.371 -3.589 0.000236488 5 5.5 158 213 -22.387 -6.638 0.000452496 5.5 6 213 267 -22.627 -6.2 0.0004719 6 6.5 267 321 -23.091 -6.144 0.000857739 6.5 7 321 375 -22.747 -6.567 0.000536549 7 7.5 375 430 -22.008 -7.336 0.000912132 7.5 8 430 484 -20.102 -3.82 0.001370878 8 8.5 484 538 -18.816 -2.117 0.001172577 8.5 9 538 593 -19.136 -1.974 0.001863863 9 9.5 593 647 -19.033 -1.896 0.001870796 9.5 10 647 701 -18.261 -1.661 0.000924512 10 11 701 791 -19.403 -3.204 0.000918831 11 12 791 882 -19.835 -3.945 0.001448282 12 13 882 972 -19.594 -4.761 0.001123579 13 14 972 1062 -20.283 -3.401 0.000863179 14 15 1062 1152 -19.933 -3.593 0.000952129 15 16 1152 1243 -20.221 -4.629 0.001039105 16 17 1243 1333 -19.247 -2.729 0.001535477 17 18 1333 1423 -18.942 -2.945 0.002389881 18 19 1423 1513 -19.916 -2.798 0.001287263 19 20 1513 1604 -19.65 -2.49 0.001162527 20 21 1604 1694 -19.962 -2.5 0.001920339 21 22 1694 1784 -19.45 -2.84 0.002680317 22 23 1784 1874 -20.256 -2.626 0.001612148 23 24 1874 1965 -19.618 -2.626 0.003420496 24 25 1965 2055 -19.605 -2.719 0.00055564 25 26 2055 2151 -19.731 -3.241 0.000700782 26 27 2151 2247 -20.708 -3.363 0.001409334 27 28 2247 2343 -20.135 -2.951 0.00215492 28 29 2343 2439 -20.393 -2.401 0.001322392 29 30 2439 2535 -21.314 -2.69 0.001431201 30 31 2535 2634 -20.61 -2.66 0.001565134 31 32 2634 2734 -20.343 -2.452 0.001958502 32 33 2734 2833 -21.05 -2.89 0.001858355 33 34 2833 2932 -19.679 -2.472 0.00108964 34 35 2932 3032 -19.46 -2.76 0.001914104 35 36 3032 3131 -19.431 -2.388 0.001894387 36 37 3131 3230 -18.82 -2.37 0.002259501 37 38 3230 3330 -20.054 -2.185 0.002876612 38 39 3330 3429 -21.49 -2.65 0.004026628 39 40 3429 3528 -18.59 -2.106 0.00373206 40 41 3528 3628 -18.7 -1.93 0.003810616 41 42 3628 3727 -18.878 -1.815 0.004685502 42 43 3727 3826 -18.06 -1.92 0.004451894 43 44 3826 3926 -19.077 -1.819 0.004107942 44 45 3926 4025 -17.73 -1.47 0.002980257 45 46 4025 4037 -18.357 -1.791 0.03949138 46 47 4037 4049 -17.32 -1.65 0.033628225 47 48 4049 4060 -17.582 -1.458 0.023320262 48 49 4060 4072 -19.01 -2.07 0.024494827 49 50 4072 4084 -17.804 -1.107 0.030373447 50 51 4084 4096 -17.47 -1.22 0.025188396 51 52 4096 4107 -17.89 -1.266 0.031868471 52 53 4107 4119 -17.07 -0.92 0.031895329 53 54 4119 4131 -17.869 -1.218 0.024772338 54 55 4131 4143 -17.4 -1.27 0.021480251 55 56 4143 4155 -18.061 -1.407 0.023400193 56 57 4155 4166 -17.9 -1.29 0.023936782 57 58 4166 4178 -18.777 -2.319 0.023004986 58 59 4178 4190 -17.43 -1.17 0.011915 59 60 4190 4202 … … 0.038745444 60 61 4202 4214 -18.228 -1.339 0.027153452 61 62 4214 4225 -18.034 -0.741 0.026575733 62 63 4225 4237 -18.059 -1.226 0.028745848 63 64 4237 4249 -18.196 -1.122 0.027004538 64 65 4249 4261 -18.117 -1.353 0.02777894 65 66 4261 4272 -18.102 -1.447 0.028667886 66 67 4272 4284 -17.887 -1.066 0.030886834 67 68 4284 4296 -17.589 -1.408 0.034695682 68 69 4296 4308 -17.38 -0.41 0.032312122 69 70 4308 4320 -17.77 -0.844 0.032613457 70 71 4320 4331 -17.713 -1.383 0.033674838 71 72 4331 4343 -17.93 -1.162 0.036393868 72 73 4343 4355 … … 0.04108527 73 74 4355 4367 -17.648 -0.9 0.04062592 74 75 4367 4379 … … 0.044327665 75 76 4379 4390 … … 0.041864811 76 77 4390 4402 … … 0.035743217 77 78 4402 4414 … … 0.038832023 78 79 4414 4426 -17.94 -1.37 0.030926503 79 80 4426 4437 … … 0.036982949 80 81 4437 4449 … … 0.042018363 81 82 4449 4461 … … 0.036045352 82 83 4461 4473 … … 0.041548387 83 84 4473 4485 -18.62 -1.74 0.039486898 84 85 4485 4496 … … 0.034758242 85 86 4496 4508 … … 0.03984641 86 87 4508 4520 … … 0.034335125 87 88 4520 4532 … … 0.027981156 88 89 4532 4544 -18.27 -1.44 0.036293893 89 90 4544 4555 … … 0.03628008 90 91 4555 4567 … … 0.036114626 91 92 4567 4579 … … 0.045557295 92 93 4579 4591 … … 0.042930358 93 94 4591 4602 -18.156 -1.838 0.045321123 94 95 4602 4614 … … 0.052366352 95 96 4614 4626 … … 0.052217849 96 97 4626 4638 … … 0.050499861 97 98 4638 4650 … … 0.045082132 98 99 4650 4661 -18.59 -2 0.059973254 99 100 4661 4673 … … 0.044714345 100 101 4673 4685 … … 0.061440938 101 102 4685 4697 … … 0.04827456 102 103 4697 4709 … … 0.044919106 103 104 4709 4720 -19.375 -2.362 0.031771314 104 105 4720 4732 … … 0.042108957 105 106 4732 4744 … … 0.03477364 106 107 4744 4756 … … 0.026085638 107 108 4756 4767 … … 0.044860198 108 109 4767 4779 -18.86 -2.05 0.048744943 109 110 4779 4791 … … 0.022137201 110 111 4791 4803 … … 0.061898227 111 112 4803 4815 … … 0.040528449 112 113 4815 4826 … … 0.040854902 113 114 4826 4838 -18.97 -2.066 0.047002499 114 115 4838 4850 … … 0.039801359 115 116 4850 4862 … … 0.037320254 116 117 4862 4874 … … 0.043265911 117 118 4874 4885 … … 0.040791824 118 119 4885 4897 -19.36 -1.92 0.035904478 119 120 4897 4909 … … 0.051513664 120 121 4909 4921 … … 0.050306986 121 122 4921 4932 … … 0.054985156 122 123 4932 4944 … … 0.057920829 123 124 4944 4956 -18.283 -1.83 0.041160327 124 125 4956 4968 … … 0.029775123 125 126 4968 4980 … … 0.017528212 126 127 4980 4991 … … 0.010350973 127 128 4991 5003 … … 0.019943723 128 129 5003 5015 -20.05 -1.65 0.025149053 129 130 5015 5027 … … 0.031609107 130 131 5027 5039 … … 0.031792644 131 132 5039 5050 … … 0.026765029 132 133 5050 5062 … … 0.007949422 133 134 5062 5074 -20.012 -2.169 0.025360514 134 135 5074 5086 … … 0.024132907 135 136 5086 5097 … … 0.020919829 136 137 5097 5109 … … 0.038877561 137 138 5109 5121 … … 0.058096224 138 139 5121 5133 -21.13 -2.49 0.009619059 139 140 5133 5145 … … 0.011365846 140 141 5145 5156 … … 0.007744452 141 142 5156 5168 … … 0.005058847 142 143 5168 5180 … … 0.005528494 143 144 5180 5192 … … 0.013057677 144 145 5192 5203 … … 0.004670178 145 146 5203 5215 … … 0.004400776 146 147 5215 5226 … … 0.004893794 147 148 5226 5238 … … 0.005947545 148 149 5238 5249 -22.27 -2.73 0.008993072 149 150 5249 5261 … … 0.007836307 150 151 5261 5272 … … 0.008442034 151 152 5272 5284 -19.927 -3.259 0.008959933 152 153 5284 5295 … … 0.006451148 153 154 5295 5307 … … 0.006599309 154 155 5307 5318 … … 0.004545734 155 156 5318 5330 … … 0.004675053 156 157 5330 5341 … … 0.004318522 157 158 5341 5353 … … 0.008290714 158 159 5353 5364 -22.95 -3.78 0.007082686 159 160 5364 5376 … … 0.005639571 160 161 5376 5387 … … 0.00439301 161 162 5387 5399 … … 0.007018816 162 163 5399 5410 … … 0.007855079 163 164 5410 5422 … … 0.007892224 164 165 5422 5433 -19.577 -1.732 0.007745642 165 166 5433 5445 … … 0.008247503 166 167 5445 5456 … … 0.006632429 167 168 5456 5468 … … 0.006190549 168 169 5468 5479 -22.39 -4.1 0.005440388 169 170 5479 5491 … … 0.007187305 170 171 5491 5502 -20.461 -2.639 0.007802478 171 172 5502 5514 … … 0.006320254 172 173 5514 5525 -20.542 -1.945 0.006045084 173 174 5525 5537 … … 0.008759341 174 175 5537 5548 … … 0.006759044 175 176 5548 5560 … … 0.007569115 176 177 5560 5571 -23.01 -4.596 0.005514303 177 178 5571 5583 … … 0.002048461 178 179 5583 5594 … … … 179 180 5594 5606 … … … 180 181 5606 5617 … … … 181 182 5617 5629 … … … 182 183 5629 5640 … … … 183 184 5640 5652 … … … 184 185 5652 5664 -22.15 -4.262 … 185 186 5664 5675 … … … 186 187 5675 5695 … … … 187 188 5695 5715 … … … 188 189 5715 5734 -22.12 -4.15 … 189 190 5734 5754 … … … 190 191 5754 5774 … … … 191 192 5774 5794 … … … 192 193 5794 5814 … … … 193 194 5814 5833 … … … 194 195 5833 5853 … … … 195 196 5853 5873 … … … 196 197 5873 5893 … … … 197 198 5893 5913 … 198 199 5913 5933 -21.43 -3.67 … 199 200 5933 5952 … … … 200 201 5952 5972 -21.422 -2.577 … 201 202 5972 5992 … … … 202 203 5992 6012 … … … 203 204 6012 6032 … … … 204 205 6032 6052 -19.417 -2.337 … 205 206 6052 6071 … … … 206 207 6071 6091 -20.5 -2.323 … 207 208 6091 6111 … … … 208 209 6111 6131 -20.856 -2.749 … 209 210 6131 6151 … … … 210 211 6151 6170 … … … 211 212 6170 6190 … … … 212 213 6190 6210 … … … 213 214 6210 6230 … 214 215 6230 6250 -21.342 -2.859 … 215 216 6250 6270 … … … 216 217 6270 6289 -21.208 -2.8 … 217 218 6289 6309 … … … 218 219 6309 6329 … … 0.011689018 219 220 6329 6349 … … 0.022557048 220 221 6349 6369 … … 0.021211353 221 222 6369 6388 … … 0.009478576 222 223 6388 6408 … … 0.004013635 223 224 6408 6428 … … 0.015680109 224 225 6428 6448 … … 0.011901172 225 226 6448 6468 … … 0.003284013 226 227 6468 6488 … … 0.009362765 227 228 6488 6507 … … 0.010880635 228 229 6507 6527 -22.32 -2.29 0.012542125 229 230 6527 6547 … … 0.008266834 230 231 6547 6567 -20.271 -2.626 0.006132522 231 232 6567 6587 … … 0.007105688 232 233 6587 6606 -20.476 -2.565 0.005564956 233 234 6606 6626 … … 0.006943775 234 235 6626 6646 -19.59 -1.478 0.009427229 235 236 6646 6666 … … 0.004330596 236 237 6666 6686 … … 0.004901676 237 238 6686 6706 … … 0.011289949 238 239 6706 6725 -19.836 -1.583 0.010646529 239 240 6725 6745 … … 0.008952257 240 241 6745 6765 … … 0.008467077 241 242 6765 6785 … … 0.010146894 242 243 6785 6868 -20.824 -3.106 0.002820095 243 244 6868 6951 … … 0.003933427 244 245 6951 7033 -20.154 -2.359 0.002613125 245 246 7033 7116 … … 0.004605449 246 247 7116 7198 -20.858 -3.281 0.003741252 247 248 7198 7281 … … 0.005687384 248 249 7281 7364 -20.16 -2.11 0.005603653 249 250 7364 7446 … … 0.005719055 250 251 7446 7529 -20.653 -2.292 0.004634305 251 252 7529 7611 … … 0.00326669 252 253 7611 7694 -21.108 -2.936 0.006366039 253 254 7694 7777 … … 0.003253809 254 255 7777 7859 -20.303 -2.978 0.003211013 255 256 7859 7942 … … 0.002042442 256 257 7942 8025 -19.324 -2.374 0.002114561 257 258 8025 8107 … … … 258 259 8107 8157 -20.846 -2.522 … 4. Takahula Lake water samples date calender date of sample collection (AD) Tair air temperature at time of collection (in °F) Twater surface water temperature at time of collection (in °F) d18O Oxygen isotopic ratios of water (reported in ‰ V-SMOW) dD Deuterium isotopic ratios of water (reported in ‰ V-SMOW) comments description of sampling location at lake date Tair Twater d18O dD comments 6/19/2002 … … -20.8 -159 spring south shore 6/19/2002 … … -20.7 -161 inlet north shore 6/19/2002 … … -18.5 -151 outlet south shore 6/19/2002 … 40.5 -18.4 -151 surface lake water 6/28/2002 52 44 -17.5 -146 surface lake water 7/5/2002 44 44 -17.6 -146 surface lake water 7/12/2002 62 50 -17.5 -145 surface lake water 7/19/2002 76 61 -17.6 -146 surface lake water 7/26/2002 64 62 -17.5 -144 surface lake water 8/2/2002 80 68 -17.4 -144 surface lake water 8/9/2002 51 58 -17.4 -144 surface lake water 8/16/2002 51 52 -17.4 -144 surface lake water 8/23/2002 60 52 -17.5 -144 surface lake water 8/30/2002 52 49 -17.4 -144 surface lake water 7/9/2004 78 61 -17.3 -141 surface lake water 7/16/2004 67 63 -17.2 -142 surface lake water 7/24/2004 78 66 -17.2 -142 surface lake water 7/30/2004 64 63 -17 -141 surface lake water 8/7/2004 58 62 -16.9 -141 surface lake water 8/13/2004 63 60 -17 -141 surface lake water 8/20/2004 70 64 -16.9 -141 surface lake water 5. Brooks Range surface lake water samples Name: official lake name (if applicable) Code: inofficial name or code for a lake lacking an official name dD: Deuterium isotopic ratios of water (reported in ‰ V-SMOW) d18O: Oxygen isotopic ratios of water (reported in ‰ V-SMOW) lat: latitude of lake (decimal notation) long: longitude of lake (decimal notation) Name Code dD d18O lat long … BR-1 -162 -20.9 67.1003 -153.1345 … Malamute Lake -143 -17.6 67.1171 -153.145 … BR-3 -155 -19.3 67.1074 -152.4776 … Code Lake -147 -17.7 67.1583 -151.6933 … BR-4 -162 -21.3 67.1305 -152.4855 … Sister Lake -135 -15.8 67.1537 -151.8685 … BR-6 -154 -19.6 67.2172 -150.2453 … Monument Lake -163 -21.4 67.0329 -150.1564 … Solstice Lake -156 -19.9 67.0216 -151.0081 Squaw Lake … -177 -23.6 67.6262 -148.2277 Beautiful Lake … -162 -19.4 67.5741 -147.9122 … BR-11 -160 -19.9 67.5 -147.6333 Arrow Lake … -155 -19 67.231 -148.4156 … BR-13 -164 -21.2 67.2887 -149.1947 … Sawyer Lake -168 -22.3 67.4276 -152.0911 … BR-15 -166 -21.9 67.3771 -152.082 … BR-16 -174 -23.5 67.3246 -152.3213 … BR-17 -161 -21.3 67.2428 -152 … BR-18 -152 -20.4 66.9091 -155.0299 … BR-19 -148 -19.2 67.0259 -155.6174 … A -156 -19.7 67.1667 -153.4167 … AH -158 -19.6 67.4333 -152.5167 … AI -168 -20.9 67.3667 -152.75 … AJ -160 -20.7 67.3333 -151.8833 … AK -162 -20.1 67.3833 -151.4833 … AL -158 -20.4 67.3667 -151.5 … AN-1 -167 -21.4 67.6303 -149.2458 … AO -169 -20.6 67.8634 -149.0139 … AR -174 -22 67.9405 -148.6649 … AQ-1 -171 -22.6 67.7732 -149.2532 … G-1 -163 -20.3 67.6394 -149.7281 … H-1 -175 -22 67.61 -149.6451 … I -175 -22.1 67.8929 -148.6267 … I-1 -184 -23.7 67.8946 -148.6288 … Purpura Lake -172 -20.6 67.9299 -148.4227 Ranger Lake … -157 -21.1 67.1333 -153.6333 Q -159 -21.3 67.1403 -153.6434 V10 -161 -21 67.1283 -150.755 V11 -158 -20.5 67.0823 -150.2513 Earnie Lake … -160 -20.6 67.3913 -152.9891 Pingo Lake … -121 -12.5 67.6661 -155.4165 … BB -130 -15.1 67.8012 -156.2451 Cabin Lake … -149 -17.2 67.45 -150.865 Issygok Lake … -155 -19.4 67.7181 -156.1441 Island Lake … -152 -18.9 67.3089 -153.4515 Matcherak Lake … -139 -16.6 67.7484 -156.2119 … Omega Lake -173 -21.7 67.848 -148.2553 … Footprint Lake -162 -21.3 67.6276 -149.2556 … Independence Lake -160 -20.8 67.5 -152.1667 … Judy Lake -140 -18.1 66.9083 -155.0283 … Ruppert Lake -137 -17.3 67.0667 -154.2433 … East Buttons Lake -160 -20.8 67.3 -149.1833 … Eagle Flats Lake -150 -19.4 67.0833 -115.25 … Nolan Creek Lake -151 -18.3 67.4653 -150.2636 … Xindi Lake -139 -15.7 67.1117 -152.4917 … Wild Tussocks Lake -115 -14 67.1267 -151.3833