Lake Cadagno Switzerland 11000 Year MBT/CBT Temperature Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, plus the data file URL and date accessed. NAME OF DATA SET: Lake Cadagno Switzerland 11000 Year MBT/CBT Temperature Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 5/2012 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Niemann, H., A. Stadnitskaia, S.B. Wirth, A. Gilli, F.S. Anselmetti, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, S. Schouten, E.C. Hopmans, and M.F. Lehmann. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2012-056 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Niemann, H., et al. 2012. Lake Cadagno Switzerland 11000 Year MBT/CBT Temperature Reconstruction. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2012-056. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Niemann, H., A. Stadnitskaia, S.B. Wirth, A. Gilli, F.S. Anselmetti, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, S. Schouten, E.C. Hopmans, and M.F. Lehmann. 2012. Bacterial GDGTs in Holocene sediments and catchment soils of a high Alpine lake: application of the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer. Climate of the Past, Vol. 8, pp. 889-906. www.clim-past.net/8/889/2012/ doi:10.5194/cp-8-889-2012 ABSTRACT: A novel proxy for continental mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and soil pH, the MBT/CBT paleothermometer, is based on the temperature (T) and pH-dependent distribution of specific bacterial membrane lipids (branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers – GDGTs) in soil organic matter. Here, we tested the applicability of the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer to sediments from Lake Cadagno, a high Alpine lake in southern Switzerland with a small catchment of 2.4 km2. We analysed the distribution of bacterial GDGTs in catchment soils and in a radiocarbon dated sediment core from the centre of the lake, covering the past 11 000 yr. The distribution of bacterial GDGTs in the catchment soils is very similar to that in the lake's surface sediments, indicating a common origin of the lipids. Consequently, their transfer from the soils into the sediment record seems undisturbed, probably without any significant alteration of their distribution through in situ production in the lake itself or early diagenesis of branched GDGTs. The MBT/CBT-inferred MAAT estimates from soils and surface sediments are in good agreement with instrumental values for the Lake Cadagno region (~0.5°C). Moreover, downcore MBT/CBT-derived MAAT estimates match in timing and magnitude other proxy-based T reconstructions from nearby locations for the last two millennia. Major climate anomalies recorded by the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer are, for instance, the Little Ice Age (~14th to 19th century) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP, ~9th to 14th century). Together, our observations indicate the quantitative applicability of the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer to Lake Cadagno sediments. In addition to the MWP, our lacustrine paleo T record indicates Holocene warm phases at about 3, 5, 7 and 11 kyr before present, which agrees in timing with other records from both the Alps and the sub-polar North-East Atlantic Ocean. The good temporal match of the warm periods determined for the central Alpine region with north-west European winter precipitation strength implies a strong and far-reaching influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on continental European T variations during the Holocene. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Western Europe PERIOD OF RECORD: 11000 YrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: Swiss National Science Foundation project grants 200021-121909 and IZK0Z2-131407. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. [226600]. DATA FILE URLS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/cadgno2012.txt ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/cadgno2012.xls DESCRIPTION: Lake sediment bacterial lipids data and MBT/CBT temperature reconstruction from Lake Cadagno, Switzerland, for the past 11,000 years. Mean annual air temperature (MAAT) reconstruction is based on the MBT/CBT paleothermometer, utilizing temperature dependent distribution of specific bacterial membrane lipids in soil organic matter. Lake Cadagno, Switzerland: 46.5507°N, 8.7139°E, 1921m elevation. DATA: 1. Table 2. Radiocarbon dates of terrestrial organic material collected from various sediment depths. All radiocarbon dates were converted to calendar years before 1950 (cal yr BP). Ages derived from sample material in slump deposits were not considered for age-depth modelling (ages denoted with asterisks). Lab code Composite Sample 14Cage Calibrated age depth(cm) material (14CyrBP) ±1S (cal yr BP), 2S-range ETH-42351 102.5 terr.macrofossils 1255 60 1056-1295 ETH-39236 223 wood 2035 35 1898-2112 ETH-41051 337.5 terr.macrofossils 3015 35 3079-3338 ETH-39237 419.5 wood 3305 35 3452-3630 ETH-41052 652 wood 4595 35 5068-5460 ETH-39238 696 wood 5035 35 5663-5899* ETH-41053 778.5 terr.macrofossils 8015 35 8765-9012* ETH-42352 798 wood 6450 35 7291-7430 ETH-41054 871.5 wood 8055 35 8776-9079 ETH-44254 909.7 terr.macrofossils 9340 35 10431-10667 ETH-39238 919.5 wood 9630 45 10776-11180 2. Niemann et al. 2012 Lake Cadagno MBT, CBT, BIT data and Temperature Reconstructions Note: Depth is composite sediment depth corrected for slump deposits. SampleID Depth AgeStart AgeEnd MBT CBT BIT SoilpH MAAT°C w/oMM,cm CalYrBP CalYrBP SC-1 2.5 -59 -28 0.29 0.73 0.99 6.85 1.47 SC-3 12.5 4 54 0.26 0.74 0.98 6.80 -0.16 SC-4 17.5 54 104 0.23 0.67 0.95 7.00 -0.77 SC-14 27.0 166 284 0.26 0.82 0.98 6.61 -0.95 SC-15 32.0 284 376 0.23 0.65 0.98 7.05 -0.68 SC-16 37.0 376 548 0.26 0.68 0.98 6.98 0.56 SC-18 42.0 548 635 0.26 0.67 0.98 7.01 0.89 A1-6 47.0 666 977 0.27 0.68 0.98 6.96 0.92 A1-7 57.0 977 1240 0.27 0.67 0.98 7.01 1.07 A2-1 79.5 1351 1507 0.28 0.66 0.98 7.02 1.65 A2-6 89.5 1597 1664 0.27 0.74 0.98 6.80 0.43 A2-8 107.0 1860 2032 0.27 0.74 0.98 6.82 0.29 A3-1 111.5 2110 2160 0.24 0.75 0.98 6.80 -1.10 A3-3 118.0 2160 2366 0.25 0.76 0.98 6.76 -0.74 A3-4 128.0 2366 2451 0.25 0.76 0.98 6.76 -0.91 A3-5 138.0 2451 2535 0.25 0.78 0.98 6.71 -1.02 A3-6 148.0 2535 2619 0.26 0.75 0.98 6.79 -0.10 A3-7 158.0 2619 2703 0.27 0.77 0.97 6.73 0.06 A3-8 168.0 2703 2797 0.26 0.77 0.98 6.73 -0.09 A3-10 188.0 2974 3070 0.27 0.79 1.00 6.69 0.08 B1-1 226.5 3343 3409 0.26 0.72 0.97 6.86 0.30 B1-5 237.0 3438 3532 0.26 0.76 0.98 6.75 -0.09 B1-6 247.0 3532 3552 0.26 0.76 0.97 6.76 -0.40 B1-7 257.0 3552 3613 0.27 0.79 0.97 6.70 0.11 B1-8 268.0 3613 3684 0.27 0.81 0.97 6.64 0.08 B2-1 279.0 3684 3743 0.26 0.88 0.98 6.45 -1.42 B2-2 289.0 3743 3802 0.25 0.73 0.96 6.83 -0.22 B2-3 299.0 3802 3861 0.29 0.83 0.97 6.57 0.41 B2-4 309.0 3861 3941 0.26 0.82 0.98 6.60 -0.96 B3-5 326.5 4010 4162 0.26 0.83 0.98 6.59 -0.68 B3-6 336.5 4162 4312 0.26 0.79 0.98 6.68 -0.51 B3-7 346.5 4312 4497 0.26 0.77 0.98 6.75 -0.08 B3-8 356.5 4497 4630 0.26 0.70 0.97 6.91 0.29 B3-9 359.5 4630 4746 0.26 0.74 0.98 6.82 -0.03 B3-10 369.5 4746 4942 0.27 0.77 0.98 6.74 0.35 C1-8 411.5 5953 6231 0.25 0.71 0.98 6.90 -0.11 C2-3 422.5 6412 6754 0.26 0.74 0.98 6.83 -0.03 C2-4 432.5 6754 7439 0.27 0.74 0.98 6.84 0.58 C2-5 442.5 7439 8188 0.26 0.73 0.98 6.84 0.05 C3-2 455.5 8699 9225 0.24 0.67 0.97 7.01 -0.59 C3-3 459.5 9225 9444 0.24 0.72 0.97 6.87 -0.86 C3-4 467.0 9444 9755 0.25 0.74 0.97 6.83 -0.58 C3-5 473.0 9755 10514 0.24 0.73 0.95 6.83 -1.19 C3-6 479.5 10514 10625 0.23 0.57 0.82 7.26 0.19 C3-7 487.5 10625 10774 0.23 0.57 0.84 7.26 -0.05 C3-8 497.5 10774 10903 0.22 0.48 0.88 7.49 0.41 C3-9 507.5 10903 10981 0.18 0.37 0.77 7.80 -0.71