Lake Linne', Spitsbergen 20th Century Varved Sediment Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Lake Linne', Spitsbergen 20th Century Varved Sediment Data LAST UPDATE: 9/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Al Werner, Mount Holyoke College IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-099 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Werner, A., et al. 2009. Lake Linne', Spitsbergen 20th Century Varved Sediment Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-099. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Unpublished data GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Eastern Arctic PERIOD OF RECORD: 1963 - 2004 AD FUNDING SOURCE: US National Science Foundation (ARC 0455084, 0531456) DESCRIPTION: Core C2-05 proxy data and varve thickness from Lake Linne', west coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway. Lake Linne’, located on the west coast of Spitsbergen Svalbard, was cored in 2005 to evaluate the varve record of the proximal sub-basin located at the south end of the lake. This core site was thought to be the most sensitive to changes in sediment flux of the main inflow meltwater stream and would thereby yield a sensitive record of up-valley glacier activity. The recovered core was measure for magnetic susceptibility (ms), organic matter content (LOI), carbonate content, and sampled for Cs-137 activity. Varve thickness measurements were made between 1963 and 2004 and compared with climate data from the Longyearbyen airport for the same interval. Lamination thickness varied from 2.0 to 12.6mm in the 60 cm long core and annual sedimentation since the '63/'64 Cs spike averaged 4.5 mm per year. Bulk density varied from 1.1 g/cc to 1.6 g/cc, LOI varied from 5 to 9% and carbonate content ranges from 2.5 to 8.5%. The Cesium activity profile shows a peak ('63/'64) at 18.5 cm core depth. Annual lamination thickness was related to summer average temperature, annual precipitation and glacier mass balance (Midre Lovenbreen - NyAlesund) for the interval 1963 to 2005. Lamination thickness showed a poor relationship with each of the climate parameters, suggesting that other factors are complicating the relationships between climate and lamination thickness. More recent work based on annual (and spring) sediment trap records suggests that annual laminations can often be complex due to sediment transport during the spring-nival melt event. In particular, the "intensity" of the spring melt event which directly influences stream discharge (and thereby stream capacity and competence) appears to be the main factor influencing deposition of the annual coarse grained material. This research suggest that there may not be a direct link between glacier mass balance and varve thickness in high Arctic lakes and that glacier-fed lakes having long intervening fluvial systems should be avoided when using lamination thickness to reconstruct past climates. Further, core locations too close to the inflow stream may contain complex lamination stratigraphies due to "with-in lake" sedimentation distribution processes. Lake Linne' core C2-05, Total core depth 60.5 cm, Grid UTM Datum WGS 84 33 X 473645 8662183 DATA: 1. Magnetic Susceptibility data from core C2-05 MS was measured with a Bartington MS system at 0.5 cm increments Depth(cm) MS(SI) Bartington Instruments Multisus File 0 58.9 C2U-05 test 2 0.5 66.9 Sensor MS2E1 1 51.9 Range 1 1.5 21.9 Units SI 2 12 Drift Li 5 2.5 10 AlignmenT Core axis 3 8 Interval 0.5 3.5 7 Interval cm 4 7 4.5 7 5 9 5.5 8 6 9 6.5 8 7 8 7.5 9 8 9 8.5 8 9 9 9.5 9 10 9 10.5 9 11 9 11.5 8 12 9 12.5 9 13 10 13.5 10 14 10 14.5 10 15 10 15.5 10 16 10 16.5 9 17 9 17.5 8.2 18 9.4 18.5 9.5 19 8.7 19.5 8.8 20 9.8 20.5 8.6 21 8.5 21.5 8.4 22 5.2 22.5 8 23 8 23.5 7 24 8 24.5 7 25 7 25.5 7 26 8 26.5 7 27 7 27.5 8.3 28 8.4 28.5 8.5 29 7.7 29.5 7.8 30 8 30.5 7 31 9 31.5 7 32 7 32.5 7 33 7 33.5 7 34 5 34.5 6 35 6 35.5 6 36 6 36.5 7 37 7 37.5 6 38 6 38.5 7 39 6 39.5 7 40 6 40.5 6 41 7 41.5 7 42 6 42.5 6 43 7 43.5 6 44 8 44.5 6 45 5.2 45.5 5.4 46 6.6 46.5 6.7 47 5.8 47.5 7.2 48 6.4 48.5 6.5 49 7.7 49.5 8.8 50 8.8 50.5 8.6 51 8.5 51.5 7.3 52 7.1 52.5 8 53 8 53.5 8 54 7 54.5 7 55 7 55.5 7 56 7 56.5 7 57 7 2. Bulk Density data from core C2-05 Bulk density was measured using a dried 1cc sample volume Depth(cm) Bulk Density (g/cc) 0 1.5601 2 1.4870 4 1.5681 6 1.5914 8 1.5240 10 1.3513 12 1.4969 14 1.5576 16 1.5545 18 1.4832 20 1.4079 22 1.4332 24 1.4464 26 1.5235 28 1.4735 30 1.4058 32 1.2266 34 1.3853 36 1.3619 38 1.4400 40 1.3370 42 1.5140 44 1.1224 46 1.3628 48 1.3659 50 1.4576 52 1.2389 54 1.5303 56 1.4223 3. Loss on Ignition data from core C2-05 % LOI was measured as a % weight loss after combustion at 550 degrees Depth(cm) LOI % 0 5.5 2 6.6 4 6.3 6 6.5 8 6.5 10 7.6 12 5.8 14 6.2 16 5.1 18 5.9 20 7.2 22 7.5 24 7.6 26 7.5 28 7.4 30 7.5 32 7.8 34 7.6 36 7.9 38 7.4 40 8.3 42 7.6 44 8.1 46 7.8 48 9.0 50 7.0 52 7.3 54 7.3 56 7.1 4. Caesium 137 activity data from core C2-05 Cs-137 activity was measured by Richard Ku (USC) Depth(cm) Cs-Activity (dpm/g) 1 0.26 2 0.56 3 0.37 4 0.38 5 0.39 6 0.56 7 0.56 8 9 0.34 10 11 0.79 12 13 1.05 14 15 0.99 16 17 18 19 2.95 20 21 22 0.6 23 24 25 26 27 0 28 29 30 0.1 31 32 33 34 0 35 36 37 38 39 0 40 41 42 0 43 44 45 0 46 47 48 0 5. Lamination thickness data from core C2-05 Lamination thickness was measured from thin-sections using a calibrated occular Year Thickness (mm) 2004 6.5 2003 6 2002 4.1 2001 7.3 2000 6.1 1999 3.1 1998 4 1997 3.9 1996 6.5 1995 3.1 1994 3.9 1993 6 1992 3.8 1991 7.2 1990 4.4 1989 2 1988 2.1 1987 4 1986 4.3 1985 4.9 1984 5.1 1983 3.1 1982 3.1 1981 2.8 1980 3.1 1979 3.2 1978 3.5 1977 3.1 1976 2.1 1975 2.4 1974 6 1973 9.6 1972 12.6 1971 6 1970 3.1 1969 6.5 1968 3.9 1967 3.1 1966 7 1965 2.2 1964 1.9 1963 5