# Vestfirðir Peninsula, Iceland Holocene Lake Sediment Data
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24930 
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/iceland/vestfiroir2018deadveg.txt
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
#       Description:
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Paleolimnology
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, geochemistry, magnetic susceptibility, physical properties 
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2018-08-20
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2018-08-20
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Vestfirðir Peninsula, Iceland Holocene Lake Sediment Data
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Harning, D.J.; Geirsdóttir, Á.; Miller, G.H.
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Holocene sediment geochemical (C/N, TOC, BSi), physical properties (MS, density), and carbon isotope (d13C) data from 2 lakes on the Vestfirðir Peninsula, Iceland. 
#	Composited and normalized BSi and C/N series from the two lakes, plus dead vegetation ages, are also presented.
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: David J. Harning, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Gifford H. Miller
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-06-01     
#	Published_Title: Punctuated Holocene climate of Vestfirðir, Iceland, linked to internal/external variables and oceanographic conditions
#	Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews
#	Volume: 189
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 
#	Pages: 31-42
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.04.009
#	Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379117309563
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Emerging Holocene paleoclimate datasets point to a non-linear response of Icelandic climate against a background of steady orbital cooling. The Vestfirðir peninsula (NW Iceland) is an ideal target for continued climate reconstructions due to the presence of a small ice cap (Drangajökull) and numerous lakes, which provide two independent means to evaluate existing Icelandic climate records and to constrain the forcing mechanisms behind centennial-scale cold anomalies. Here, we present new evidence for Holocene expansions of Drangajökull based on 14C dates from entombed dead vegetation as well as two continuous Holocene lake sediment records. Lake sediments were analyzed for both bulk physical (MS) and biological (%TOC, d13C, C/N, and BSi) parameters. Composite BSi and C/N records from the two lakes yield a sub-centennial qualitative perspective on algal (diatom) productivity and terrestrial landscape stability, respectively. The Vestfirðir lake proxies suggest initiation of the Holocene Thermal Maximum by ~8.8 ka with subsequent and pronounced cooling not apparent until ~3 ka. Synchronous periods of reduced algal productivity and accelerated landscape instability point to cold anomalies centered at ~8.2, 6.6, 4.2, 3.3, 2.3, 1.8, 1, and 0.25 ka. Triggers for cold anomalies are linked to variable combinations of freshwater pulses, low total solar irradiance, explosive and effusive volcanism, and internal modes of climate variability, with cooling likely sustained by ocean/sea-ice feedbacks. The climate evolution reflected by our glacial and organic proxy records corresponds closely to marine records from the North Iceland Shelf.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Icelandic Center for Research
#	Grant: 163431051, 130775051, 141573052
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Skorarvatn
#	Location: Europe>Northern Europe>Iceland
#	Country: Iceland
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 66.25627
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 66.25627
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: -22.32213
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: -22.32213
# 	Elevation: 183 m
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Vestfiroir2018DeadVeg
#	Earliest_Year: 2004
#	Most_Recent_Year: 0
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: 2.86
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
# 
# 							
# Table 3. Lake sediment radiocarbon information.							
# 							
# Lake (sediment depth, cm)	Lab ID	Material	d13C (permil)	Fraction modern	Conventional 14C date ± Sigma	Calibrated age BP ±Sigma	Reference
# Skorarvatn (43)	CURL-21039	moss	-24.3	0.6102	3970 ± 20	4460 ± 50	Harning et al. (2016b)
# Skorarvatn (59)	CURL-21034	moss	-25.3	0.5529	4760 ± 20	5530 ± 50	Harning et al. (2016b)
# Skorarvatn (82)	CURL-21035	moss	-26.3	0.5136	5355 ± 20	6120 ± 90	Harning et al. (2016b)
# Skorarvatn (140.5)	CURL-21036	moss	-29.7	0.4079	7205 ± 25	8000 ± 20	Harning et al. (2016b)
# Skorarvatn (214.8)	CURL-19489	moss	-23.9	0.356	8295 ± 25	9340 ± 60	Harning et al. (2016b)
# Skorarvatn (222.5)	CURL-21041	moss	-23.3	0.33	8905 ± 35	10060 ± 120	Harning et al. (2016b)
# Skorarvatn (283.5)	CURL-21033	moss	-25.0	0.3203	9145 ± 35	10300 ± 70	Harning et al. (2016b)
# Tröllkonuvatn (18)	CURL-19503	moss	-22.2	0.9348	540 ± 15	540 ± 10	Harning et al. (2016a)
# Tröllkonuvatn (30.5)	UCIAMS-165968	moss	N/A	0.8686	1130 ± 20	1020 ± 50	Harning et al. (2016a)
# Tröllkonuvatn (165.5)	CURL-21038	moss	-21.6	0.6333	3670 ± 15	4020 ± 50	Harning et al. (2018)
# Tröllkonuvatn (285.5)	CURL-21037	moss	-23.1	0.4858	5800 ± 20	6610 ± 40	Harning et al. (2018)
# Tröllkonuvatn (394)	CURL-19502	moss	-24.4	0.3729	7925 ± 25	8750 ± 100	Harning et al. (2016b)
# 
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# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
#
#
## age	age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N,dead vegetation age
## agePDF	age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N,dead vegetation age probability density function
#
#----------------
# Data:
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age	agePDF
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459.5	7.31E-07
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