#----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:15309 # Online_Resource: ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/iceland/hvitarvatn2012-bsi.txt # # Original_Source_URL: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Paleolimnology #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-06-29 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Non-linear Holocene climate evolution in the North Atlantic: a high-resolution, multi-proxy record of glacier activity and environmental change from Hvítárvatn, central Iceland #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Larsen,D.J.;Miller,G.H.;Geirsdóttir,Á.;Ólafsdóttir,S. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes Description: #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Larsen, D.J., Miller, G.H., Geirsdottir, A., Olafsdottir, S. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2012 # Published_Title: Non-linear Holocene climate evolution in the North Atlantic: a high resolution, multi-proxy record of glacier activity and environmental change from Hvitarvatn, central Iceland. # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 39 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 14-25 # Report_Number: # DOI: # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Iceland is well situated to monitor North Atlantic Holocene climate variability. Terrestrial sites there offer the potential for well-dated, high-resolution, continuous records of environmental change and/or glacier activity. Laminated sediments from the proglacial lake Hvítárvatn provide a continuous record of environmental change and the development of the adjacent Langjökull ice cap for the past 10.2 ka. Replicate lake sediment cores, collected from multiple locations in the basin, are placed in a secure geochronology by splicing a varve chronology for the past 3 ka with a tephra-constrained, paleomagnetic secular variation derived chronology for older sediments. Multiple proxies, including sedimentation rate, bulk density, ice-rafted debris, sediment organic matter, biogenic silica, and diatom abundance, allow annual to multi-decadal resolution and reveal a dynamic Holocene terrestrial climate. Following regional deglaciation of the main Iceland Ice Sheet, summer temperatures were high enough that mountain ice caps had already melted, or were contributing insignificant sediment to the lake. Pronounced increases in sedimentation rate, sediment density, and the influx of terrestrial organic matter, between 8.7 and 7.9 ka suggest early Holocene warmth was interrupted by two distinct pulses of cold summers leading to widespread landscape destabilization and possibly glacier growth. The Holocene thermal maximum (HTM; 7.9 to 5.5 ka) was characterized by high within-lake productivity and ice-free conditions in the watershed. Neoglaciation is recorded as a non-linear transition toward cooler summers, landscape destabilization, and the inception and expansion of Langjökull beginning ca 5.5 ka, with notable increases in ice cap size and landscape instability at 4.2 and 3.0 ka. The past two millennia are characterized by the abrupt onset of sustained cold periods at ca 550 and 1250 AD, separated by an interval of relative warmth from ca 950 to 1150 AD. The greatest Holocene extent of Langjökull occurred in the nineteenth century and is coincident with peak landscape instability, followed by ice recession throughout the twentieth century. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lake Hvítárvatn03-1 # Location: Iceland # Region: central highlands of Iceland # Country: Iceland # Northernmost_Latitude: 64.641944 # Southernmost_Latitude: 64.641944 # Easternmost_Longitude: -19.840278 # Westernmost_Longitude: -19.840278 # Elevation: 422 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: HVT bsi # Earliest_Year: 10181 # Most_Recent_Year: -38 # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Species: #------------------ # Chronology: #---------------- # Variables # Short_name What,Material,Error,Units, Seasonality,Archive,Details,Method,Data_type age_BP Age,,,,cal yr bp,,,,,N bsi% Biogenic silica,sediment,,%,,paleolimnology,,,N #---------------- # Data # Missing_Values: # # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header age_BP bsi% -38 8.28 -29 8.38 -25 8.62 -18 8.56 -14 7.32 -10 6.65 -5 8.84 -3 6.75 0 6.6 5 8.57 12 7.77 18 9.27 26 8.16 35 7.57 40 8.04 51 5.76 53 8.34 59 8.01 60 7.19 69 8.49 77 6.94 82 8.59 82 7.15 84 8.76 90 8.29 99 6.43 106 7.35 115 7.89 124 7.77 130 9.78 153 7.22 165 8.64 177 6.63 195 8.25 213 6.01 230 7.89 255 4.86 281 4.73 301 6.66 325 8.94 345 5.51 366 6.47 383 6.94 405 6.38 419 7.37 441 5.74 460 6.61 475 5.9 491 5.16 512 4.75 531 5.28 551 5.22 573 5.8 597 5.13 733 5.96 750 5.49 768 6.29 786 5.74 802 5.71 822 6.18 841 3.83 860 5.75 875 4.78 898 5.87 917 5.18 936 6.35 954 7.68 972 8.33 989 6.9 1000 6.5 1022 6.27 1036 6.66 1050 6.74 1059 7.98 1071 13.67 1104 7.98 1120 6.61 1137 6.94 1154 8.12 1171 8.74 1199 7.6 1216 7.71 1230 7.77 1251 7.9 1269 8.08 1286 7.7 1308 7.15 1339 7.2 1359 6.07 1377 7.53 1396 6.13 1410 6.91 1433 6.79 1451 10.49 1470 7.7 1489 7.79 1507 6.7 1526 7.97 1545 4.9 1564 6.6 1583 4.69 1602 7.44 1620 6.32 1716 8.18 1728 6.4 1748 9.7 1768 9.38 1805 8.4 1842 6.97 1879 7.47 1916 6.09 1952 8.04 1989 7.15 2021 6.34 2061 6.01 2096 5.68 2132 6.15 2164 6.1 2203 6.46 2235 8.24 2263 7.97 2281 6.55 2316 7.45 2352 7.75 2387 6.18 2423 6.55 2458 6.84 2476 7.52 2512 6.63 2548 7.29 2583 5.37 2619 6.87 2655 7.78 2672 5.55 2690 6.5 2707 6.38 2761 4.58 2771 4.6 2778 4.78 2785 6.28 2791 5.85 2805 5.79 2824 6.14 2837 5.17 2856 6.45 2865 7.37 2878 8.38 2887 7.95 2893 6.1 2901 6.7 2907 6.98 2915 5.9 2921 5.35 2929 6.06 2937 4.28 2983 7.77 2999 5.95 3032 6.29 3048 9.1 3080 5.7 3110 6.2 3125 8.28 3169 6.74 3198 9.76 3212 6.18 3227 6.8 3255 8.35 3269 6.43 3284 7.23 3297 6.02 3324 6.18 3338 7.95 3376 6.39 3411 8.93 3432 5.09 3453 6.44 3517 6.76 3553 6.26 3566 8.48 3580 6.55 3601 8.15 3612 12.24 3640 5.14 3657 6.48 3665 6.58 3674 5.93 3691 6.57 3700 7.23 3711 7.28 3724 7.87 3737 5.96 3762 7.39 3775 5.84 3799 9.05 3812 6.07 3827 7.11 3857 7.3 3872 7.47 3902 5.93 3916 5.99 3930 6.61 3942 6.24 3956 6.14 3970 8.01 3984 7.06 3998 10.06 4009 8.37 4022 7.1 4035 9.06 4048 9.78 4062 9.16 4076 8.45 4089 7.56 4112 9.79 4125 10.28 4133 6.64 4146 7.29 4157 8.5 4169 6.9 4182 7.24 4192 4.88 4211 8.82 4252 6.41 4264 6.5 4275 7.78 4298 6.47 4321 6.76 4333 8.23 4356 7.2 4391 8.51 4413 7.26 4435 8.32 4460 7.03 4488 10.99 4510 8.71 4521 9.83 4540 9.27 4573 9.03 4604 10.24 4626 14.42 4647 11.72 4657 9.23 4668 11.99 4678 11.13 4689 10.5 4723 9.94 4750 11.25 4777 10.94 4801 11.07 4827 8.83 4854 8.53 4867 9.48 4891 9.27 4942 8.75 4981 10.07 5020 7.74 5069 9.59 5078 9.32 5117 10.81 5156 9.11 5176 9.92 5196 8.43 5216 10.35 5256 10.04 5277 7.86 5297 9.46 5307 9.88 5317 11.31 5337 7.9 5358 7.65 5378 8.6 5388 9.45 5418 14.55 5449 10.74 5459 11.6 5480 9.79 5501 15.7 5522 14.79 5544 14.61 5565 12.57 5586 10.45 5618 15.3 5640 12.56 5661 15.41 5682 17.9 5693 15.15 5714 12.46 5735 13.65 5757 18.25 5767 15.16 5787 10.83 5797 14.35 5813 13.25 5824 13.79 5844 8.9 5864 14.88 5884 12.48 5904 14.99 5924 11.14 5945 13.3 5965 12.98 5985 13.87 6005 13.14 6025 12.31 6045 15.31 6069 13.69 6093 17.32 6118 14.6 6142 18.05 6166 12.7 6191 17.02 6215 12.91 6239 15.4 6264 14.21 6288 14.38 6312 14.06 6336 10.38 6349 7.49 6361 13.61 6385 8.74 6399 11.51 6503 11.75 6518 11.34 6533 12.02 6578 17.36 6653 12.48 6682 13.81 6697 11.59 6727 15.31 6757 10.93 6787 12.23 6802 12.02 6817 12.77 6879 13.03 6914 13.87 6949 11.43 7019 13.32 7089 6.92 7264 16.16 7370 10.97 7601 13.76 7741 12.23 7861 15.32 7894 10.65 7919 7.39 7943 8.26 7960 7.5 7993 8.67 8026 7.11 8043 8.61 8059 8.68 8066 10.72 8070 8.4 8074 8.44 8077 7.96 8079 7.42 8082 8.1 8084 7.68 8090 9.33 8092 9.01 8095 9.31 8097 9.21 8100 8.8 8103 5.37 8107 8.94 8110 10.38 8114 12.64 8118 11 8121 9.69 8125 11.5 8132 7.73 8139 9.29 8145 8.57 8152 12.18 8158 9.4 8165 7.04 8173 8.57 8181 8.91 8184 10.28 8188 10.02 8194 8.82 8200 8.38 8204 9.74 8211 8.88 8218 11.63 8226 11.33 8233 8.38 8240 8.95 8244 9.78 8251 8.76 8261 8.06 8268 11.43 8285 8.36 8303 9.59 8317 6.45 8332 12.66 8349 8.21 8370 9.34 8404 9.22 8438 8.18 8455 13.08 8472 10.36 8481 10 8506 10.94 8523 8.81 8541 8.85 8575 7.16 8590 9.96 8618 8.75 8660 12.37 8702 9.21 8723 8.72 8760 8.05 8781 9.58 8802 9.81 8823 13.19 8844 14.98 8857 10.79 8878 13.58 9005 10.71 9030 10.79 9135 5.34 9240 10.65 9344 8.08 10092 6.8 10104 9.09 10115 5.89 10126 5.88 10137 6.16 10148 6.07 10159 8.53 10170 6.17 10181 6.85