#----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:14730 # Online_Resource: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/iceland/hvitarvatn2011-1geochem.txt # # Original_Source_URL: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Paleolimnology #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-06-29 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: A 3000-year varved record of glacier activity and climate change from the proglacial lake Hvítárvatn, Iceland #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Larsen,D.J.;Miller,G.H.;Geirsdóttir,A.;Thordarson,T. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes Description: #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Darren J. Larsen, Gifford H. Miller, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Thorvaldur Thordarson # Published_Date_or_Year: 2011 # Published_Title: A 3000-year varved record of glacier activity and climate change from the proglacial lake Hvítárvatn, Iceland # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 30 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 2715-2731 # Report_Number: # DOI: doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.05.026 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A suite of environmental proxies in annually laminated sediments from Hvítárvatn, a proglacial lake in the central highlands of Iceland, are used to reconstruct regional climate variability and glacial activity for the past 3000 years. Sedimentological analysis is supported by tephrostratigraphy to confirm the continuous, annual nature of the laminae, and a master varve chronology places proxies from multiple lake cores in a secure geochronology. Varve thickness is controlled by the rate of glacial erosion and efficiency of subglacial discharge from the adjacent Langjökull ice cap. The continuous presence of glacially derived clastic varves in the sediment fill confirms that the ice cap has occupied the lake catchment for the duration of the record. Varve thickness, varve thickness variance, ice rafted debris, total organic carbon (mass flux and bulk concentration), and C:N of sedimentary organic matter, reveal a dynamic late Holocene climate with abrupt and large-scale changes in ice-cap size and landscape stability. A first-order trend toward cooler summers and ice-cap expansion is punctuated by notable periods of rapid ice cap growth and/or landscape instability at ca 1000 BC, 600 BC, 550 AD and 1250 AD. The largest perturbation began ca 1250 AD, signaling the onset of the Little Ice Age and the termination of three centuries of relative warmth during Medieval times. Consistent deposition of ice-rafted debris in Hvítárvatn is restricted to the last 250 years, demonstrating that Langjökull only advanced into Hvítárvatn during the coldest centuries of the Little Ice Age, beginning in the mid eighteenth century. This advance represents the glacial maximum for at least the last 3 ka, and likely since regional deglaciation 10 ka. The multi-centennial response of biological proxies to the Hekla 3 tephra deposition illustrates the significant impact of large explosive eruptions on local environments, and catchment sensitivity to perturbations. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lake Hvítárvatn-1 # Location: Iceland # Region: central highlands of Iceland # Country: Iceland # Northernmost_Latitude: 64.641944 # Southernmost_Latitude: 64.641944 # Easternmost_Longitude: -19.840278 # Westernmost_Longitude: -19.840278 # Elevation: 422 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: HVT03-1geochem # Earliest_Year: -1026 # Most_Recent_Year: 1988 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: 18.3 m # Notes: #------------------ # Species: #------------------ # Chronology: #---------------- # Variables # Short_name What,Material,Error,Units, Seasonality,Archive,Details,Method,Data_type ## age_AD Age,,,years AD,,,,tephrochronology,N ## TOC% Total organic carbon,sediment,,percent,,paleolimnology,,,N ## C:N Carbon/Nitrogen,sediment,,ratio,,paleolimnology,,,N ## TOC_flux Total organic carbon flux,sediment,,mg/(cm^2 year),,paleolimnology,,,N #---------------- # Data # Missing_Values: # # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header age_AD TOC% C:N TOC_flux 1988 0.122 11.6123 0.18752 1985 0.1928 11.158 0.23849 1981 0.1919 10.0043 0.27516 1978 0.2055 10.7789 0.23269 1975 0.1811 9.5937 0.30352 1971 0.1593 12.4213 0.47986 1968 0.1416 12.0566 0.50687 1967 0.1432 13.7694 0.53058 1961 0.1865 12.7455 0.54061 1958 0.124 10.0354 0.5254 1956 0.1469 11.4629 0.43218 1953 0.1688 12.2728 0.27304 1950 0.1598 12.5424 0.23575 1947 0.1812 12.5923 0.55926 1944 0.2855 10.0377 0.71661 1941 0.1562 12.6922 0.91017 1937 0.18 11.5927 0.66617 1934 0.1995 9.8802 0.62357 1930 0.212 17.7934 0.60207 1924 0.2612 10.7805 0.55274 1920 0.2183 13.1267 0.14001 1913 0.313 13.4072 0.43635 1904 0.1996 12.5072 0.66868 1895 0.4818 13.8144 0.90819 1893 0.2594 12.5202 0.93537 1887 0.2653 12.6201 0.79471 1885 0.2757 12.1752 0.70393 1877 0.1786 12.3756 0.91266 1871 0.4138 12.2494 0.78437 1868 0.2573 11.8046 0.77369 1867 0.2551 12.5524 0.54963 1863 0.3455 12.9924 0.85011 1856 0.2736 12.6411 0.81149 1847 0.3439 12.7836 0.84623 1840 0.3977 11.6593 0.56729 1831 0.2861 12.0757 0.63316 1823 0.4375 11.953 0.55719 1791 0.304 11.2126 0.50735 1779 0.3106 11.4858 0.4857 1764 0.3275 11.6138 0.60879 1746 0.6505 11.7807 0.61047 1729 0.6572 11.6363 0.6439 1707 1.1437 12.7005 0.49423 1682 0.4825 11.5947 0.3634 1659 0.4128 12.7673 0.3289 1637 0.4168 11.2204 0.31194 1615 0.321 11.6709 0.31419 1595 0.2201 11.597 0.24172 1575 0.2477 11.3853 0.19521 1556 0.1347 10.7647 0.19703 1538 0.1298 11.0985 0.166 1522 0.1354 10.1274 0.18066 1500 0.15 9.8843 0.15616 1483 0.1671 11.2088 0.21696 1467 0.1507 12.4315 0.2393 1429 0.1111 10.4128 0.1187 1409 0.1059 10.5301 0.10316 1388 0.1379 11.0111 0.07664 1365 0.1499 10.622 0.095055 1348 0.1912 11.0344 0.11147 1345 0.2206 7.7126 0.16859 1337 0.3499 8.8535 0.24075 1332 0.4126 9.0552 0.2172 1327 0.2149 7.293 0.30846 1321 0.4527 9.6569 0.25835 1316 0.321 8.2636 0.28945 1310 0.3482 8.5524 0.21964 1305 0.4122 9.0279 0.19808 1302 0.196 8.5529 0.21328 1299 0.4726 9.7087 0.23822 1293 0.6076 10.6635 0.23347 1288 0.2737 9.2142 0.20374 1282 0.1689 7.7277 0.1266 1276 0.2004 7.5734 0.13569 1270 0.2541 9.5344 0.12314 1264 0.1612 8.7904 0.1619 1257 0.3389 10.1027 0.14527 1251 0.2311 9.5499 0.17184 1245 0.2678 9.4557 0.16652 1238 0.3654 9.6712 0.1563 1232 0.2438 9.2472 0.16527 1225 0.2699 7.3429 0.12695 1219 0.2583 8.2625 0.15989 1212 0.2205 7.4633 0.13789 1205 0.2643 7.1165 0.13746 1198 0.2972 7.9578 0.13336 1191 0.2861 8.1851 0.14314 1182 0.2598 8.8495 0.13201 1173 0.163 7.5835 0.13946 1164 0.3416 8.3034 0.12836 1156 0.2564 7.4345 0.17731 1146 0.381 9.3281 0.14913 1138 0.3091 8.0217 0.17532 1128 0.4467 10.1207 0.14846 1118 0.3521 8.6303 0.1319 1115 0.3275 9.417 0.11523 1111 0.3043 10.0251 0.09373 1107 0.1872 7.6399 0.06917 1105 0.1129 11.0712 0.088504 1101 0.4388 9.8521 0.077957 1101 0.1884 7.3276 0.11866 1091 0.2453 8.4615 0.12677 1084 0.4003 10.0079 0.15033 1072 0.2284 9.6951 0.16016 1065 0.1802 7.5818 0.12324 1053 0.2076 7.8572 0.15393 1044 0.3709 8.4736 0.15961 1034 0.4081 8.8071 0.1484 1025 0.3104 8.6407 0.14232 1015 0.413 8.7347 0.12656 1006 0.1967 7.605 0.15584 997 0.3082 8.9939 0.0957 979 0.0693 5.9646 0.072307 979 0.0996 7.1846 0.045187 962 0.1612 8.1357 0.061189 956 0.1088 7.2275 0.075378 945 0.13 7.918 0.079 940 0.1111 7.5529 0.092148 929 0.1922 8.3905 0.083451 922 0.104 6.909 0.08898 914 0.1945 8.2653 0.10057 908 0.1619 7.9415 0.12933 901 0.1698 8.8552 0.10192 896 0.1076 8.267 0.16238 889 0.1977 10.1118 0.16352 885 0.1661 9.4093 0.19581 879 0.1524 11.0135 0.16373 852 0.3656 9.9124 0.13988 839 0.1481 7.8438 0.13288 832 0.1522 9.8179 0.11201 822 0.2616 10.8718 0.11536 814 0.1367 7.5324 0.11917 802 0.2356 9.163 0.094331 789 0.1952 8.0115 0.2328 779 0.351 9.738 0.22452 765 0.112 7.5611 0.23907 763 0.2547 11.9122 0.08321 757 0.1247 10.1826 0.076221 750 0.1866 8.2224 0.080705 743 0.119 8.0514 0.099098 736 0.1921 8.6022 0.072198 727 0.0986 8.7286 0.057329 718 0.1254 10.4626 0.047288 710 0.0862 7.9316 0.052012 701 0.1099 9.7008 0.067841 690 0.1183 8.5314 0.069394 683 0.1033 9.8069 0.093902 673 0.2448 9.9511 0.09016 665 0.2819 10.1325 0.12727 653 0.323 9.9475 0.17401 647 0.4547 9.8749 0.29647 640 0.3998 10.02 0.34349 627 0.4521 9.2772 0.34995 611 0.5902 10.5832 0.3145 601 0.8832 11.048 0.47487 593 1.4261 11.8781 0.57131 582 1.1602 11.9231 0.4118 575 0.1754 6.962 0.17073 564 0.1918 8.761 0.07055 556 0.1957 8.9284 0.088009 547 0.3248 7.0388 0.093909 538 0.2235 7.8794 0.10615 529 0.1821 7.8137 0.09282 519 0.1894 7.005 0.087991 508 0.1381 5.6087 0.077074 501 0.1393 5.4588 0.066799 489 0.1065 4.7167 0.080364 482 0.2768 7.5014 0.083078 471 0.1523 4.9889 0.1003 463 0.1288 6.9071 0.081991 452 0.1683 5.9247 0.0873 444 0.1473 8.2165 0.081309 426 0.1505 7.3816 0.080976 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6.1082 0.11067 23 0.2447 6.3191 0.10132 18 0.1582 5.9863 0.09586 7 0.1769 6.0288 0.11918 0 0.3438 7.5428 0.12254 -11 0.1584 5.8229 0.15375 -19 0.4417 8.2643 0.11265 -31 0.1454 6.8688 0.11584 -37 0.2075 5.8412 0.083823 -48 0.1603 6.4462 0.14576 -55 0.5842 9.0461 0.19617 -64 0.1956 6.0611 0.20325 -73 0.1134 5.4612 0.11458 -80 0.1489 5.1717 0.13386 -91 0.3854 7.8478 0.12322 -109 0.1274 6.3316 0.10412 -119 0.0941 9.4482 0.063064 -127 0.194 8.6389 0.064696 -136 0.1278 5.079 0.080806 -145 0.1333 5.2561 0.086741 -155 0.1992 6.1169 0.14598 -162 0.533 7.7722 0.13736 -173 0.1904 5.5528 0.13211 -180 0.1997 5.4709 0.10858 -191 0.2649 6.0858 0.15942 -198 0.4189 6.9216 0.18392 -209 0.2348 6.8379 0.17381 -216 0.2173 8.2868 0.1432 -226 0.3069 9.5063 0.17614 -233 0.4127 6.3315 0.14228 -244 0.1262 5.2627 0.15168 -251 0.2263 5.7713 0.10622 -260 0.2213 5.8713 0.14112 -269 0.2588 5.3854 0.12803 -290 0.28 8.9023 0.12816 -304 0.2151 6.1258 0.12118 -315 0.2388 5.1452 0.096736 -322 0.1507 4.4492 0.086956 -329 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