Haukadalsvatn, Iceland Geochemical Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Haukadalsvatn, Iceland Geochemical Data LAST UPDATE: 11/2008 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Áslaug Geirsdóttir IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-108 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Geirsdóttir, A., et al. 2008. Haukadalsvatn, Iceland Geochemical Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2008-108. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Geirsdóttir, A., G.H. Miller, T. Thordarson, and K.B. Ólafsdóttir. 2008. A 2000 year record of climate variations reconstructed from Haukadalsvatn, west Iceland. Journal of Paleolimnology, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 95-115, January 2009. doi:10.1007/s10933-008-9253-z ABSTRACT: The sediment fill of Haukadalsvatn, a lake in northwest Iceland, preserves a record of environmental change since deglaciation, 13 ka ago. The rapid sedimentation rate over the past 2 ka (ca. 4 m ka-1) provides a high-resolution archive of late Holocene environmental change. Physical and chemical environmental proxies extracted from cores from the Haukadalsvatn sediment fill provide a reconstruction of sub-decadal-scale climate variability in Iceland over the past 2 ka. Over this interval biogenic silica (BSi) reflects warm April–May temperatures, whereas total organic carbon (TOC) peaks represent an increased flux of carbon to the lake from eolian-derived soil erosion following periods of cold summers accompanied by dry, windy winters. The proxy-based temperature reconstructions show a broad interval of warmth through Medieval times, but this warmth is punctuated by multi-decadal cold intervals. The transition into the Little Ice Age occurred in two steps, with initial summer cooling 1250–1300 AD, and a more severe drop in summer temperatures between 1450 and 1500 AD; both are periods of severe explosive volcanism. Multi-decadal patterns of cold and warm conditions have some characteristics of a North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like signal, but instrumental records and proxy-based reconstructions of the NAO index contain little power in the frequencies most strongly expressed in our data set. Although severe soil erosion in Iceland is frequently equated with settlement, our reconstructions indicate that soil erosion began several centuries before settlement, whereas for several centuries after settlement, when summer temperatures were relatively high, there was little or no soil erosion. Only during the transition into and during the Little Ice Age did soil erosion become a major feature of the record. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Iceland, North Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 135 BC - 2003 AD FUNDING SOURCES: US National Science Foundation (OPP-0138010), Icelandic Centre of Research, RANNIS (#040233021). DESCRIPTION: Biogenic silica (BSi) and total organic carbon (TOC) from core GLAD4-HAK03-1B, Haukadalsvatn, West Iceland: 65°03.064'N, 21°37.830'W, 32m elev., Water Depth 38.33 m. Lake area 3.3 km2, catchment 172 km2, max. water depth 42 m. DATA: 1. Pb210 Dating for core GLAD4-HAK03-1B Top Base Mid Cum. Unsup. Error of Cum.Act. Age:Base Error Date Sediment Error of Int. Int. Depth Dry Mass Activity UnsupAct below Int. of Int. Age A.D. Accum. Sed. Accum. (cm) (cm) (cm) (g/cm2) (pCi/g) (±s.d.) (pCi/cm2) (yr) (±s.d.) (g/cm2 yr) (±s.d.) 0 1 0.5 0.5264 2.5530 0.0653 17.0937 2.43 2.71 2001.1 0.2166 0.01396 4 5 4.5 2.6685 2.8024 0.0999 11.2945 15.74 3.47 1987.8 0.1337 0.01233 7 8 7.5 4.3701 2.0380 0.0530 7.4288 29.19 4.48 1974.3 0.1223 0.01477 10 11 10.5 6.1036 0.8703 0.0407 5.3632 39.65 4.50 1963.8 0.2007 0.02613 12 13 12.5 7.2933 0.6219 0.0329 4.5548 44.90 5.14 1958.6 0.2373 0.03620 14 15 14.5 8.7039 0.4445 0.0293 3.8716 50.12 5.92 1953.4 0.2826 0.05078 16 17 16.5 10.0587 0.7220 0.0321 2.9983 58.33 7.42 1945.2 0.1393 0.02954 18 19 18.5 11.4082 0.3829 0.0272 2.3801 65.74 9.11 1937.8 0.2040 0.05553 21 22 21.5 13.4166 0.2967 0.0255 1.7283 76.02 12.35 1927.5 0.1916 0.07085 25 26 25.5 15.8543 0.4309 0.0283 0.8095 100.38 25.62 1903.1 0.0671 0.04701 32 33 32.5 20.1747 0.0596 0.0210 Supported Pb-210: 0.2605 ± 0.0179 pCi/g Cum. Unsup. Pb-210: 18.4376 pCi/cm2 Number of Supported Samples: 6 Unsup. Pb-210 Flux: 0.6116 pCi/cm2 yr Top Base Total 210 s.d. 0 1 2.8158 0.0632 4 5 3.0629 0.095 7 8 2.2985 0.0499 10 11 1.1308 0.0366 12 13 0.8824 0.0276 14 15 0.705 0.0232 16 17 0.9825 0.0266 18 19 0.6434 0.0205 21 22 0.5572 0.0181 25 26 0.6914 0.0219 32 33 0.3201 0.011 42 43 0.2912 0.0088 48 49 0.3266 0.0107 55 56 0.2339 0.0078 65 66 0.2741 0.0085 75 76 0.2792 0.0093 110 111 0.2031 0.0078 2. Core GLAD4-HAK03-1B Biogenic Silica and Total Organic Carbon Depth YearAD AgeBP BSi(%) TOC(%) 0 2003 -53 4.9 1.38 1.5 1998 -52 6.4 1.54 2 1997 -49 5.8 1.59 3.5 1993 -48 6.6 1.39 4 1992 -47 4.7 1.59 5 1989 -46 4.7 1.42 5.5 1987 -45 7.0 1.40 6.5 1984 -43 6.7 1.60 8 1978 -42 6.2 1.17 8.5 1977 -40 6.3 1.13 10.5 1969 -39 5.9 1.25 11 1967 -37 4.3 1.23 11.5 1965 -36 9.5 1.28 12 1963 -34 4.7 1.19 13 1959 -32 5.4 0.98 13.5 1957 -30 5.7 1.16 14.5 1953 -28 4.0 1.09 16 1947 -27 5.9 1.36 17.5 1941 -25 4.3 1.19 18.5 1938 -23 5.7 1.09 19 1936 -21 6.6 1.03 20 1932 -19 5.5 1.38 20.5 1930 -17 6.1 1.31 21.5 1927 -15 5.4 1.28 22.5 1923 -13 3.2 1.21 23.5 1920 -11 5.6 1.36 24.5 1917 -9 4.5 1.25 25.5 1914 -7 5.0 1.37 27.5 1908 -5 8.1 1.34 28.5 1906 -3 6.3 1.22 29.5 1903 -1 6.9 1.29 31.5 1898 1 5.0 1.24 32.5 1896 3 6.2 1.17 33.5 1894 5 5.4 1.47 34.5 1892 7 6.9 1.28 37.5 1886 9 5.6 1.45 38.5 1885 10 4.9 1.30 40.5 1881 12 6.4 1.22 41.5 1880 14 4.1 1.35 42.5 1878 16 3.3 1.47 44.5 1875 18 4.2 1.36 46.5 1872 20 7.0 1.45 47.5 1870 23 4.2 1.29 48.5 1869 27 7.5 1.51 49.5 1867 30 4.0 1.50 52.5 1862 33 6.1 1.33 54.5 1858 36 4.3 1.49 56.5 1854 39 7.0 1.56 58.5 1850 42 5.7 1.75 60.5 1846 44 3.7 1.58 62.5 1843 47 6.7 1.61 64.5 1839 49 5.5 1.78 67.5 1833 52 6.0 1.81 68.5 1832 54 5.1 1.38 70.5 1828 56 6.5 2.17 71.5 1826 58 5.1 1.81 73.5 1823 62 4.8 1.80 74.5 1821 64 5.7 1.53 76.5 1818 65 4.5 1.50 78.5 1814 67 5.1 1.45 80.5 1811 69 5.6 1.14 82.5 1808 70 5.4 1.75 84.5 1804 72 4.7 1.82 85.5 1803 73 5.4 1.93 87.5 1799 75 4.1 1.91 89.5 1796 77 5.5 1.85 91.5 1793 78 6.0 2.61 93.5 1790 80 5.2 2.21 95.5 1786 81 6.2 2.19 96.5 1785 83 4.5 1.92 98.5 1781 84 4.2 1.83 100.5 1778 86 3.3 2.07 102.5 1775 88 5.4 2.42 103.5 1773 90 4.7 2.12 105.5 1770 91 6.0 1.98 106.5 1769 92 6.1 1.76 108.5 1765 96 4.4 1.22 109.5 1764 97 4.9 1.40 111.5 1760 101 9.1 1.90 113.5 1757 104 5.5 2.16 115.5 1754 107 6.1 2.00 117.5 1751 111 6.4 1.77 119.5 1747 114 6.1 1.17 121.5 1744 117 6.6 1.49 123.5 1741 120 6.9 1.62 125.5 1738 124 5.1 1.51 127.5 1734 127 6.6 1.44 129.5 1731 130 5.9 1.38 131.5 1728 134 10.2 1.61 133.5 1724 137 6.8 1.32 135.5 1721 140 5.0 1.54 137.5 1717 144 4.5 1.39 139.5 1714 147 6.5 1.42 141.5 1711 151 4.8 1.27 143.5 1707 154 4.1 1.42 145.5 1704 158 5.0 1.49 147.5 1700 161 5.4 1.50 149.5 1697 164 6.0 1.30 151.5 1693 168 5.7 1.02 153.5 1690 172 5.8 1.33 155.5 1686 175 5.4 1.35 157.5 1683 179 5.2 1.51 159.5 1679 182 4.8 1.24 160.5 1677 184 6.0 1.48 163.5 1672 190 9.8 1.51 165.5 1668 193 5.5 2.12 167.5 1664 197 4.0 2.31 169.5 1661 201 6.3 1.95 171.5 1657 204 4.2 1.60 173.5 1653 208 6.4 1.51 175.5 1649 212 4.4 2.20 177.5 1646 216 5.6 1.40 179.5 1642 219 6.9 1.63 181.5 1638 223 5.4 2.06 183.5 1634 227 4.6 1.60 186.5 1628 233 4.3 1.33 187.5 1626 235 5.9 1.54 189.5 1622 239 6.2 1.50 191.5 1619 243 5.6 1.55 193.5 1615 247 5.8 1.09 195.5 1611 251 4.9 1.28 199.5 1603 258 5.4 1.35 201.5 1599 262 6.9 1.53 203.5 1595 266 4.7 1.86 205.5 1591 270 6.3 1.41 207.5 1587 274 5.8 1.65 208.5 1585 276 3.1 1.62 210.5 1581 281 6.7 1.67 212.5 1577 285 5.4 1.34 215.5 1571 291 5.2 1.35 216.5 1569 293 2.5 1.11 218.5 1564 297 4.6 1.09 219.5 1562 299 5.0 1.08 221.5 1558 303 3.9 2.42 223.5 1554 307 4.8 1.20 224.5 1552 309 1.8 2.34 226.5 1548 313 5.1 2.00 227.5 1546 315 4.0 2.30 229.5 1542 319 6.4 1.90 230.5 1540 321 3.9 2.12 232.5 1536 325 2.4 1.76 234.5 1532 330 5.7 2.25 235.5 1530 332 4.5 1.57 237.5 1526 336 4.1 1.10 239.5 1521 340 7.6 1.34 240.5 1519 342 2.8 1.73 243.5 1513 348 4.5 0.90 244.5 1511 350 2.6 1.09 247.5 1505 356 3.1 2.38 249.5 1501 360 4.7 1.88 251.5 1497 364 4.4 2.05 253.5 1493 369 4.1 1.92 255.5 1489 373 7.8 2.48 256.5 1487 375 4.5 2.21 258.5 1482 379 7.4 2.80 260.5 1478 383 4.3 1.89 262.5 1474 387 3.0 1.81 264.5 1470 391 7.3 1.27 266.5 1466 395 5.1 1.51 268.5 1462 399 7.2 1.32 269.5 1460 401 6.7 1.32 271.5 1456 405 6.1 1.57 273.5 1452 409 6.0 1.19 275.5 1448 413 7.8 1.46 277.5 1444 417 6.6 1.67 279.5 1440 421 8.1 1.29 281.5 1436 425 6.7 1.44 283.5 1432 429 7.1 1.33 285.5 1428 433 5.0 1.33 287.5 1424 437 7.3 1.62 289.5 1420 441 6.9 1.22 291.5 1416 445 6.9 1.31 293.5 1412 449 4.8 1.21 294.5 1410 451 5.0 2.18 297.5 1404 457 5.5 1.11 299.5 1401 461 7.5 1.16 301.5 1397 465 4.8 1.52 303.5 1393 468 8.1 1.62 305.5 1389 472 7.9 1.74 306.5 1387 474 5.8 1.67 307.5 1385 476 5.2 1.34 312.5 1375 486 5.8 1.39 314.5 1372 490 7.1 0.89 315.5 1370 491 5.6 0.83 317.5 1366 495 6.5 1.50 319.5 1362 499 6.1 1.02 320.5 1360 501 6.9 1.07 322.5 1356 505 7.2 1.05 323.5 1355 507 5.5 1.10 325.5 1351 510 8.0 1.18 327.5 1347 514 8.2 1.20 329.5 1343 518 8.1 1.29 330.5 1341 520 7.3 1.06 332.5 1338 524 6.5 1.32 334.5 1334 527 7.5 1.27 335.5 1332 529 5.3 1.35 337.5 1328 533 7.3 1.47 339.5 1324 537 6.1 1.41 342.5 1319 543 7.5 1.77 343.5 1317 544 5.9 1.59 345.5 1313 548 7.8 1.57 347.5 1309 552 7.8 1.54 349.5 1305 556 6.6 1.21 352.5 1300 562 6.0 1.45 354.5 1296 565 7.9 1.68 355.5 1294 567 5.6 1.32 357.5 1290 571 8.1 1.67 359.5 1286 575 6.4 2.00 360.5 1284 577 7.7 1.70 362.5 1280 581 8.3 1.59 363.5 1278 583 6.4 1.59 365.5 1274 587 6.7 1.58 367.5 1270 591 6.7 1.67 369.5 1266 595 7.1 1.47 370.5 1264 597 9.0 1.36 372.5 1260 601 7.2 1.60 374.5 1256 605 7.5 1.24 375.5 1254 607 4.9 1.08 377.5 1250 611 7.4 1.78 379.5 1246 615 6.1 1.49 381.5 1242 620 4.0 1.52 383.5 1237 624 7.2 1.35 384.5 1235 626 7.7 1.35 385.5 1233 628 7.9 1.37 387.5 1229 633 4.9 1.29 389.5 1224 637 7.9 1.20 390.5 1222 639 7.0 1.01 392.5 1217 644 5.5 1.07 394.5 1213 649 8.8 1.63 395.5 1210 651 6.5 1.60 397.5 1206 656 8.0 1.20 399.5 1201 660 5.8 1.26 400.5 1201 661 8.6 1.10 402.5 1198 663 9.8 1.07 403.5 1196 665 6.2 1.35 405.5 1191 670 7.8 1.17 407.5 1187 674 6.7 1.21 409.5 1182 679 9.9 0.95 410.5 1180 681 5.0 1.07 412.5 1175 686 7.0 1.24 413.5 1173 688 8.6 1.05 415.5 1168 693 5.7 1.03 417.5 1164 698 7.1 1.08 419.5 1159 702 4.5 1.02 420.5 1157 705 7.2 1.23 422.5 1152 709 9.2 1.09 423.5 1149 712 5.4 1.19 425.5 1145 717 9.0 1.22 427.5 1140 721 7.0 1.29 429.5 1135 726 6.9 1.18 430.5 1133 729 7.1 1.54 432.5 1128 734 8.3 1.17 434.5 1123 739 8.4 1.01 435.5 1120 741 4.3 1.12 437.5 1115 746 8.2 1.26 439.5 1110 751 5.9 1.14 440.5 1108 753 8.8 1.12 442.5 1103 758 8.8 0.99 443.5 1100 761 6.4 1.13 445.5 1095 766 8.6 1.28 447.5 1090 771 6.2 1.27 449.5 1085 776 8.7 1.52 450.5 1082 779 6.0 1.55 452.5 1077 784 8.6 1.38 453.5 1075 787 4.0 1.35 455.5 1069 792 8.6 1.61 456.5 1067 795 4.2 1.45 458.5 1061 800 8.4 1.45 459.5 1059 802 7.6 1.34 460.5 1056 805 8.6 1.93 462.5 1051 810 6.1 1.29 464.5 1045 816 8.1 1.23 466.5 1040 821 5.6 1.03 467.5 1037 824 7.6 1.10 469.5 1032 829 5.9 1.22 471.5 1026 835 6.8 1.19 473.5 1021 840 7.4 0.84 474.5 1018 843 6.4 0.92 476.5 1013 849 8.5 1.35 477.5 1010 851 6.6 1.21 478.5 1007 854 5.7 1.42 481.5 999 863 8.3 1.41 482.5 996 865 5.4 1.02 484.5 990 871 9.5 1.28 486.5 984 877 5.8 1.19 488.5 979 882 9.0 1.21 489.5 976 885 5.0 1.48 491.5 970 891 4.3 1.05 492.5 967 894 7.7 1.01 494.5 961 900 5.5 1.05 496.5 956 906 4.8 1.14 498.5 950 912 6.6 1.32 499.5 947 915 8.4 1.19 501.5 941 921 8.4 1.32 502.5 938 923 4.4 1.11 503.5 935 926 5.7 1.13 504.5 932 929 10.3 1.12 506.5 926 935 5.6 1.13 507.5 923 939 10.3 1.28 508.5 920 942 9.0 1.40 509.5 917 945 6.2 1.22 511.5 911 951 4.1 1.33 512.5 907 954 6.9 1.42 513.5 904 957 5.9 2.58 514.5 901 960 4.2 1.37 516.5 895 966 5.5 1.29 518.5 889 972 7.2 1.36 519.5 886 975 4.1 1.48 521.5 880 982 7.2 1.17 522.5 876 985 8.8 1.16 523.5 873 988 7.6 1.15 524.5 870 991 5.4 1.37 525.5 867 994 8.8 1.19 526.5 864 998 3.5 1.26 527.5 861 1001 7.0 1.19 528.5 857 1004 8.4 1.38 530.5 851 1010 5.3 1.31 532.5 844 1017 3.8 1.22 534.5 838 1023 8.1 1.17 535.5 835 1027 3.9 1.42 536.5 831 1030 7.0 1.54 537.5 828 1033 8.1 1.57 538.5 825 1036 3.2 2.13 539.5 822 1040 7.8 1.99 541.5 815 1046 5.7 1.96 542.5 812 1050 4.2 1.98 544.5 805 1056 5.5 1.05 545.5 802 1060 5.5 0.97 547.5 795 1066 7.4 1.09 548.5 792 1070 4.3 1.05 550.5 785 1076 6.8 1.52 551.5 781 1080 9.7 1.98 552.5 778 1083 6.0 1.25 553.5 775 1087 4.5 1.23 554.5 771 1090 8.3 1.36 555.5 768 1093 6.1 1.30 556.5 764 1097 4.5 1.13 558.5 757 1104 6.3 1.24 559.5 754 1107 4.6 1.07 560.5 750 1111 8.0 1.11 561.5 747 1114 5.2 0.94 562.5 744 1118 3.4 0.93 563.5 740 1121 6.8 0.90 564.5 737 1125 3.6 0.79 565.5 733 1128 7.1 0.95 566.5 729 1132 5.0 1.17 567.5 726 1135 7.1 1.12 568.5 722 1139 4.6 0.93 575.5 697 1164 5.6 0.90 576.5 694 1167 5.6 1.14 577.5 690 1171 5.4 0.98 578.5 687 1175 4.4 1.10 579.5 683 1178 7.8 1.18 580.5 679 1182 5.2 1.11 581.5 676 1186 7.0 1.25 582.5 672 1189 7.5 1.10 583.5 668 1193 4.8 1.31 584.5 665 1197 7.2 1.30 585.5 661 1200 4.1 1.53 586.5 657 1204 4.1 1.63 587.5 653 1208 6.4 1.49 588.5 650 1212 6.6 1.50 589.5 646 1215 5.0 1.42 590.5 642 1219 6.0 1.08 591.5 639 1223 6.4 1.10 592.5 635 1226 7.9 1.28 593.5 631 1230 4.3 1.42 594.5 627 1234 4.0 1.61 595.5 623 1238 3.5 1.86 596.5 620 1242 3.4 1.64 597.5 616 1245 8.0 1.73 598.5 612 1249 6.7 1.54 599.5 608 1253 4.2 1.73 600.5 604 1257 6.4 1.42 601.5 601 1261 3.8 1.29 602.5 597 1265 4.4 1.19 603.5 593 1268 7.6 1.57 604.5 589 1272 7.1 1.58 605.5 585 1276 6.3 1.42 612.5 558 1303 5.2 1.17 613.5 554 1307 4.9 1.11 614.5 550 1311 5.7 1.18 616.5 542 1319 4.0 1.19 618.5 534 1327 6.9 1.73 619.5 530 1331 5.8 1.57 620.5 526 1335 8.6 1.02 622.5 518 1343 4.6 1.11 623.5 514 1347 5.5 0.83 625.5 506 1355 5.1 0.96 627.5 498 1364 5.3 1.05 629.5 490 1372 6.9 1.17 630.5 485 1376 6.3 1.17 632.5 477 1384 4.8 1.12 633.5 473 1388 5.3 1.19 636.5 461 1401 4.9 1.33 637.5 456 1405 4.0 1.02 639.5 448 1413 5.1 1.01 640.5 444 1417 6.1 1.02 641.5 440 1421 6.0 1.06 645.5 423 1438 5.6 1.02 647.5 414 1447 5.9 1.21 648.5 410 1451 5.7 1.18 650.5 402 1460 5.0 0.97 653.5 389 1473 3.3 0.97 655.5 380 1481 3.9 1.05 656.5 376 1486 5.9 0.83 658.5 367 1494 5.5 1.12 659.5 363 1499 4.6 1.16 661.5 354 1507 6.1 1.15 662.5 350 1512 6.1 1.12 664.5 341 1521 5.9 1.11 667.5 327 1534 5.7 1.02 669.5 319 1543 5.7 1.05 670.5 314 1547 8.1 1.01 673.5 301 1561 6.3 1.20 675.5 292 1570 5.1 0.82 678.5 278 1583 3.7 0.67 681.5 264 1597 3.8 0.86 682.5 260 1601 4.8 0.90 684.5 251 1611 5.1 1.06 685.5 246 1615 7.3 1.00 687.5 237 1624 6.2 1.05 689.5 228 1634 6.2 1.14 690.5 223 1638 7.9 1.13 693.5 209 1652 4.9 1.01 695.5 200 1662 4.1 0.81 696.5 195 1666 7.6 1.11 698.5 185 1676 5.9 1.11 701.5 171 1690 5.7 0.96 704.5 157 1704 4.4 0.93 707.5 143 1719 8.4 1.19 709.5 133 1728 6.3 1.05 710.5 128 1733 5.5 1.09 712.5 118 1743 4.8 0.87 714.5 109 1752 4.4 0.74 716.5 99 1762 3.9 0.90 718.5 89 1772 4.5 1.40 719.5 84 1777 7.8 0.97 721.5 74 1787 5.6 1.26 722.5 70 1792 7.1 1.26 724.5 60 1802 5.2 1.02 726.5 50 1812 5.0 1.17 728.5 40 1821 6.7 1.22 730.5 30 1831 5.5 1.26 732.5 20 1842 5.4 1.05 733.5 15 1847 7.4 0.84 735.5 5 1857 4.9 0.98 737.5 -6 1867 9.1 1.00 738.5 -11 1872 7.3 1.02 740.5 -21 1882 5.3 0.96 742.5 -31 1892 6.1 0.98 743.5 -36 1897 6.6 1.03 745.5 -46 1908 5.1 0.92 747.5 -57 1918 5.1 0.90 748.5 -62 1923 4.4 0.70 750.5 -72 1934 5.3 0.64 752.5 -83 1944 3.6 0.62 755.5 -98 1960 5.6 0.96 760.5 -125 1986 6.7 1.36 761.5 -130 1991 8.6 0.94 762.5 -135 1996 3.8 1.30