# Genovesa Crater Lake, Galapagos 400 Year Sediment Elemental Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19465 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gu6.txt # # Archive: Paleolimnology # # Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-11-19 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Genovesa Crater Lake, Galapagos 400 Year Sediment Elemental Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Conroy, J.L.; Thompson, D.M.; Collins, A.; Overpeck, J.T.; Bush, M.B.; Cole, J.E. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: Sediment elemental geochemistry and lake water chemistry measurements from Genovesa Crater Lake, Galapagos. # Provided Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jessica L. Conroy, Diane M. Thompson, Aaron Collins, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Mark B. Bush, Julia E. Cole # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014-12-01 # Published_Title: Climate influences on water and sediment properties of Genovesa Crater Lake, Galapagos # Journal_Name: Journal of Paleolimnology # Volume: 52 # Issue: 4 # Pages: 331-347 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1007/s10933-014-9797-z # Online_Resource: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10933-014-9797-z # Abstract: Genovesa Crater Lake is a remote, hypersaline lake in the northern Galapagos archipelago that contains a finely laminated sediment record. This sediment record has the potential to provide a high-resolution history of past climate variability in the eastern tropical Pacific. Here we present modern climate, lake, and sediment observations from 2009 to 2012 to explore how local climate variability influences Genovesa Crater Lake and its sediments. Surface lake temperature is strongly linked to air temperature and is highly seasonal. Temperature stratification is strongest during the warm season, whereas temperature becomes more uniform through the water column in the cool season. Deeper and earlier mixing occurred during the 2010 La Nina, which subsequently delayed 2011 cool season mixing and maximum warm season surface temperatures in 2011 and 2012. Lake salinity changes are influenced by precipitation, evaporation and persistent seawater influx. The largest declines in subsurface salinity follow months after the rainy season, when temperatures cool and fresher surface water from the previous warm/wet season mixes into the subsurface. Between 2009 and 2012, more calcium carbonate precipitated during a period of higher salinity. The period of highest calcium carbonate abundance measured in sediment records that span the late nineteenth to twentieth century coincides with the failure of two consecutive rainy seasons in 1988 and 1989 as well as the coldest monthly sea surface temperature measured at Puerto Ayora in 1989. More calcium carbonate-rich laminae from AD 1550 +/- 70 to 1675 +/- 90 may indicate a greater frequency of prolonged droughts or cooler temperatures, although enhanced productivity may also modulate carbonate precipitation. More Ca-rich laminae in Genovesa coincide with dry conditions inferred from other Galapagos sediment proxies, as well as prolonged dry and cool conditions inferred from reconstructions of the Southern Oscillation Index and NINO3 sea surface temperatures. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: NSF-RAPID-1256970, NSF-0957881 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration # Grant: NA07OAR4310058 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Genovesa Crater Lake # Location: Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean>Galapagos Islands # Country: Ecuador # Northernmost_Latitude: 0.33 # Southernmost_Latitude: 0.33 # Easternmost_Longitude: -89.96 # Westernmost_Longitude: -89.96 # Elevation: 0 m #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Genovesa2014GU6 # First_Year: 1847 # Last_Year: 2002 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # Radiocarbon Ages # core Sample Description Depth (cm rel GU-6) Lab number d13C (per mil) FMC 14C age (years) cal yrs error 1s # GU-6 210Pb 0.9 -51.4 8.1 # GU-6 210Pb 2.3 -48.9 8.4 # GU-6 210Pb 3.0 -46.1 8.9 # GU-6 210Pb 4.1 -37.9 10.8 # GU-6 210Pb 4.9 -28.4 13.5 # GU-6 210Pb 6.4 -25.7 13.8 # GU-6 210Pb 7.9 -14.5 17.9 # GU-6 137Cs 7.9 -13.0 1.0 # GU-6 210Pb 9.4 -10.0 19.6 # GU-6 210Pb 10.9 4.7 29.5 # GU-6 210Pb 12.4 9.4 30.5 # GU-6 210Pb 13.9 23.8 39.0 # GU-6 210Pb 15.4 30.4 35.6 # GU-7 mangrove leaf 47 AA66663 -23.3 0.9646+/-0.0045 289+/-38 # GU-7 mangrove leaf 52 AA91765 -25 0.9608+/-0.0054 321+/-45 # GU-7 mangrove leaf 54 AA66664 -23.6 0.9407+/-0.0045 491+/-39 # # #---------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_cm depth, , , cm, , , , ,N ## age_AD age, , , AD, , , , ,N ## Si cps silica, pelletized sediment,,counts per second,,Paleolimnology,,scanning micro-XRF,N ## Ca cps calcium, pelletized sediment,,counts per second,,Paleolimnology,,scanning micro-XRF,N # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: depth_cm age_AD Si cps Ca cps 0.4 2002.8 52.33 371.02 1.1 1999.4 53.45 355.38 1.7 1997.1 37.91 171.83 2.1 1995.5 61.00 204.01 2.4 1994 58.80 301.35 2.8 1992.4 59.11 317.52 3.2 1990.8 73.93 631.03 3.6 1989.2 90.54 964.17 3.9 1987.7 74.47 738.57 4.3 1986.1 49.92 309.78 4.7 1984.6 63.35 198.32 5.1 1982.9 66.36 460.2 5.4 1980.2 59.15 320.7 5.8 1977.6 60.26 264.15 6.2 1975 69.43 286.21 6.6 1972.4 65.56 256.48 6.9 1969.8 57.55 256.87 7.3 1967.2 60.65 253.2 7.7 1964.7 66.41 368.94 8.1 1962.1 70.12 374.19 8.4 1959.5 65.32 331.39 8.8 1956.9 64.46 356.94 9.2 1954.3 66.13 348.02 9.6 1951.7 50.48 197.15 9.9 1949 69.16 280.03 10.3 1946.5 58.71 174.17 10.7 1944.1 77.10 332.93 11.1 1941.8 84.83 281.64 11.4 1939.6 75.12 238.38 11.8 1937.3 63.24 245.27 12.2 1935.1 85.19 405.3 12.6 1932.8 82.14 330.59 12.9 1930.6 76.09 331.62 13.3 1928.3 77.64 289.85 13.7 1925.9 72.16 361.6 14.1 1923.6 59.91 311.83 14.4 1921.3 81.16 321.71 14.8 1919 94.34 277.51 15.2 1915.9 83.22 344.5 15.6 1911.8 61.30 288.45 16.0 1906.7 67.00 391.42 16.6 1901.3 71.45 278.41 17.1 1896.1 69.12 372.84 17.6 1891.2 87.79 299.37 18.2 1886.2 80.73 272.23 18.7 1881.3 67.49 309.55 19.2 1876.5 60.61 354.95 19.7 1871.7 92.81 426.13 20.3 1866.1 92.22 437.38 20.8 1859.7 58.60 207.55 21.3 1853.3 82.08 339.6 21.8 1847.1 70.82 296.12