# Lake Tanganyika 60,000 Year TEX86 LST and dD Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6206 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-lake-6206.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleolimnology # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/bcy2-qh52 # # Science_Keywords: PAGES 2k Network, PAGES Africa 2k, Air Temperature Reconstruction #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/tanganyika2008-kh3iso-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Hydrogen and Carbon Isotope Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2008-12-01 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2024-09-09 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Lake Tanganyika 60,000 Year TEX86 LST and dD Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Tierney, J.E.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-9289); Russell, J.M.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-4613); Huang, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9287-4543); Sinninghe Damsté, J.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-1854); Hopmans, E.C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-1334); Cohen, A.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-9489) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This dataset includes TEX86 and compound-specific D/H data from Lake Tanganyika cores KH3 and KH4. The TEX86 temperature data are provided with both the original Powers et al. 2005 calibration and the new Tierney et al. (2010) calibration. Chronology was constrained by 26 radiocarbon dates on KH3 and 7 additional dates on KH4. The TEX86 data files include the TEX86 index value, calibration to temperature utilizing the lakes calibrations of Powers et al., 2005, and Tierney et al. 2010, and the Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index value. The BIT index, ranging from 0-1, is an indicator of the relative amount of soil-derived vs. aquatic GDGTs, with a value of 0 indicative of completely aquatic sources, and 1 indicating completely soil-derived sources (Hopmans et al. 2004).The data for KH4 also includes the modified TEX temperatures (T +0.5º) to account for site offset. D/H values were measured on the C28 n-acid and are expressed in per mil vs. VSMOW. The carbon isotopes were also measured on the C-28 fatty acid expressed in per mil vs. VPDB. Two corrections have been applied to the dD data. "dDIVonly" refers to the D/H data corrected for global ice volume, and "dDIVandbio" refers to the D/H data corrected for biosynthetic fractionation and global ice volume. These corrections are described in the Tierney et al. QSR 2010 paper. # # Data from cores NP04-KH04-3A-1K (KH3) and NP04-KH04-4A-1K (KH4), Kalya Horst, Lake Tanganyika. Core (KH3): 6º42.827'S, 29º49.957'E, 773m elev, 644m depth. Core (KH4): 6º36.101'S, 30º00.696'E, 773m elev, 349m depth. # # LAST UPDATE: 5/2010. Addition of improved Tierney et al. 2010 TEX86 temperature calibration, plus d13C data and corrected dD series. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Tierney, J.E., J.M. Russell, Y. Huang, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, E.C. Hopmans, and A.S. Cohen # Published_Date_or_Year: 2008-10-10 # Published_Title: Northern Hemisphere Controls on Tropical Southeast African Climate During the Past 60,000 Years # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 322 # Edition: # Issue: 5899 # Pages: 252-255 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.1160485 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The processes that control climate in the tropics are poorly understood. We applied compound-specific hydrogen isotopes (dD) and the TEX86 (tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms) temperature proxy to sediment cores from Lake Tanganyika to independently reconstruct precipitation and temperature variations during the past 60,000 years. Tanganyika temperatures follow Northern Hemisphere insolation and indicate that warming in tropical southeast Africa during the last glacial termination began to increase ~3000 years before atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. dD data show that this region experienced abrupt changes in hydrology coeval with orbital and millennial-scale events recorded in Northern Hemisphere monsoonal climate records. This implies that precipitation in tropical southeast Africa is more strongly controlled by changes in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures and the winter Indian monsoon than by migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Tierney, J.E., J.M. Russell, and Y. Huang # Published_Date_or_Year: 2010-03-01 # Published_Title: A molecular perspective on Late Quaternary climate and vegetation change in the Lake Tanganyika basin, East Africa # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 29 # Edition: # Issue: 5-6 # Pages: 787-800 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.030 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Characterizing the nature of past hydrological change and its interactions with vegetation is fundamental to acquiring a better understanding of continental tropical climate dynamics. Here, we outline major shifts in the climate and ecosystem of tropical East Africa for the past 60,000 years (60 ka) by examining molecular records of hydrology, vegetation, and temperature from a sediment sequence from Lake Tanganyika. We demonstrate, via comparison with pollen spectra, that stable carbon isotopes measured on higher plant leaf waxes (δ13Cwax) are a reliable proxy for vegetation change. In addition we argue that the D/H ratio of higher plant leaf waxes (δDwax) is a robust and independent indicator of past changes in aridity, and is not affected by regional vegetation change directly. Our paired, compound-specific isotope data show that shifts in vegetation lead major changes in hydrology in the Tanganyika basin at several major climate transitions during the past 60,000 years, suggesting that vegetation in the Tanganyika basin is not as sensitive to aridity as previous studies have suggested and that variations in carbon dioxide, temperature, and internal ecosystem dynamics are equally, if not more, important. We hypothesize that regional vegetation change may exert a positive feedback on regional hydrology, thus partially accounting for the abrupt threshold behavior evident in our paleohydrological data. Furthermore, we find that past changes in Tanganyika basin climate and ecology are closely linked to concentrations of atmospheric trace gases, highlighting the paramount influence of global climatic shifts upon regional tropical climate over glacial/interglacial timescales. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hopmans, E.C., J.W.H. Weijers, E. Schefuss, L. Herfort, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten # Published_Date_or_Year: 2004-07-30 # Published_Title: A novel proxy for terrestrial organic matter in sediments based on branched and isoprenoid tetraether lipids # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 224 # Edition: # Issue: 1-2 # Pages: 107-116 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.012 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: We propose a novel tracer for terrestrial organic carbon in sediments based on the analysis of tetraether lipids using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). Analysis of terrestrial soil and peats shows that branched tetraether lipids are predominant in terrestrial environments in contrast to crenarchaeol, the characteristic membrane lipid of non-thermophilic crenarchaeota, which is especially abundant in the marine and lacustrine environment. Based on these findings, an index was developed, the so-called Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index, based on the relative abundance of terrestrially derived tetraether lipids versus crenarchaeol. This BIT index was applied to surface sediments from the Angola Basin, where it was shown to trace the outflow of the Congo River. Furthermore, analyses of particulate organic matter from the North Sea showed relatively higher BIT indices in water column particulate organic matter near large river inputs. A survey of globally distributed marine and lacustrine surface sediments shows that the BIT index in these environments correlates with the relative fluvial input of terrestrial organic material making this index generally applicable. The new proxy allows the rapid assessment of the fluvial input of terrestrial organic material in immature sediments up to 100 Ma old. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Powers, L.A., T.C. Johnson, J.P. Werne, I.S. Castañeda, E.C. Hopmans, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten # Published_Date_or_Year: 2005 # Published_Title: Large temperature variability in the southern African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 32 # Edition: # Issue: 8 # Pages: # Report_Number: L08706 # DOI: 10.1029/2004GL022014 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The role of the tropics in global climate change is actively debated, particularly in regard to the timing and magnitude of thermal and hydrological response. Continuous, high-resolution temperature records through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from tropical oceans have provided much insight but surface temperature reconstructions do not exist from tropical continental environments. Here we used the TEX86 paleotemperature proxy to reconstruct mean annual lake surface temperatures through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Lake Malawi, East Africa (9º-14ºS). We find a ~3.5ºC overall warming since the LGM, with temperature reversals of ~ 2ºC during the Younger Dryas (12.5 ka BP) and at 8.2 ka BP. Maximum Holocene temperatures of ~29ºC were found at 5 ka BP, a period preceding severe drought in Africa. These results suggest a substantial thermal response of southeastern tropical Africa to deglaciation and to varying conditions during the Holocene. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: ATM 0223920, BIO 0383765, EAR 0639474 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. Department of Defense # Grant: National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lake Tanganyika Core NP04-KH3 # Location: Lake Tanganyika # Northernmost_Latitude: -6.71378 # Southernmost_Latitude: -6.71378 # Easternmost_Longitude: 29.832616 # Westernmost_Longitude: 29.832616 # Elevation_m: 773 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: NP04-KH3 isotope # First_Year: 59454 # Last_Year: 1405 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: hydrogen isotopes, carbon isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Radiocarbon # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-14c-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Radiocarbon terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: Chronology is constrained by 26 14C-AMS dates on NP04-KH04-3A-1K. # Rejection_Rationale: # Reservoir_Method: Paired bulk sediment/macrofossil dates indicate that the reservoir effect in Lake Tanganyika has increased linearly in the Holocene from 0 at the Last Glacial Maximum to ca. 500 14C years at the last dated point; details concerning corrections made for the reservoir effect were described previously (Felton, A. A. et al. Palaeogeo. Palaeoclim. Palaeoeco. 252, 405 (2007); Tierney, J. E. & Russell, J. M. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, 10.1029/2007GL029508(2007)). # Calibration_Method: Fairbanks0107 calibration curve # Age_Model_Method: mixed-effect regression model (Heegaard, E., Birks, H. J. B., & Telford, R. J. The Holocene 15, 612 (2005).) # Missing_Values: NaN # Chronology_Table: # lab_code depth_cm material_dated age_14C_BP1950 age_14C_1s_yr res_age_yr age_calib_BP1950 age_calib_1s_yr calib_curve # AA73157 8.5 Bulk sediment 2061 39 493 1450 53 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-62453 35.5 Bulk sediment 2950 35 460 2599 96 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-50145 72.5 Bulk sediment 4380 40 407 4433 45 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-62454 102.5 Bulk sediment 4900 40 388 5189 97 IntCal # AA68366 129 Bulk sediment 6690 45 321 7294 48 IntCal # AA73158 146 Bulk sediment 6467 44 330 7014 70 IntCal # AA61732 174 wood 7838 51 0 8610 58 IntCal # AA64614 210 Bulk sediment 9113 60 232 10011 139 IntCal # AA67019 232 Bulk sediment 9547 59 216 10540 78 IntCal # AA64615 252 Bulk sediment 10268 62 189 11646 161 IntCal # AA67020 282 Bulk sediment 10617 58 176 12350 118 IntCal # AA73159 292 Bulk sediment 11170 61 156 12887 59 IntCal # AA67021 312 Bulk sediment 12174 84 119 13855 83 IntCal # AA61729 332 wood 13250 69 0 15429 130 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-50146 362 Bulk sediment 14650 70 27 17362 195 IntCal # AA68364 382 Bulk sediment 15890 84 0 19045 106 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-59661 397 Bulk sediment 17400 80 0 20570 111 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-59662 407 Bulk sediment 23600 150 0 28285 219 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-50142 413 Bulk sediment 24600 170 0 29439 255 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-59663 423 Bulk sediment 24800 100 0 29706 204 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-59664 438 Bulk sediment 26400 210 0 31663 270 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-59665 450 Bulk sediment 27000 290 0 32306 345 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-59666 462 Bulk sediment 27500 230 0 32838 290 IntCal # WHOI-NOSAMS-50143 473 Bulk sediment 28300 290 0 33679 337 IntCal # AA68365 504 Bulk sediment 30780 390 0 36149 403 IntCal # AA68966 593.5 Bulk sediment 40090 418 0 44804 413 IntCal #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_cm depth,,,centimeter,,paleolimnology,,,N, ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,paleolimnology,,,N, ## dD_c28 delta 2H,C28 n-alkanoic acid,,per mil VSMOW,,paleolimnology,,,N, ## d13C_c28 delta 13C,C28 n-alkanoic acid,,per mil VPDB,,paleolimnology,,,N, # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_cm age_calBP dD_c28 d13C_c28 7.5 1405 -105.2 -31.4 15.5 1769 -97.3 -30.7 20.5 1997 -93.7 -30.4 27.5 2316 -107.8 -29.8 32.5 2545 -103.1 -30.4 41.5 2955 -98.1 -31.4 47.5 3229 -101.4 -31.7 50.5 3366 -97.9 -29.7 55.5 3593 -93.9 -27.2 60.5 3820 -104.1 -29.2 63.5 3956 -100.6 -29.4 69.5 4225 -90.7 -29.0 74.5 4449 -95.7 -28.9 77.5 4582 -90.3 -29.8 84.5 4892 -111.1 -32.4 86.5 4980 -120.2 -31.5 92.5 5244 -113.7 -32.0 98.5 5507 -120.8 -31.7 103.5 5726 -120.3 -32.4 111.5 6075 -124.3 -33.6 114.5 6205 -129.4 -36.3 116.5 6291 -125.9 -36.7 124.5 6628 -125.6 -35.7 127.5 6752 -128.5 -34.8 130 6853 -130.2 -33.5 132 6933 -130.5 -33.8 135 7052 -129.3 -33.5 138 7169 -129.8 -33.3 142 7323 -130.4 -33.6 147 7514 -129.4 -34.4 153 7743 -124.9 -33.7 157 7894 -126.6 -34.1 159 7969 -129.3 -33.9 162 8082 -125.3 -33.9 165 8194 -128.0 -33.9 169 8343 -121.4 -34.1 176 8600 -118.9 -34.2 181 8782 -127.0 -35.0 194 9247 -129.7 -35.3 201 9493 -130.6 -35.5 211 9842 -126.8 -35.9 215 9981 -127.1 -36.3 222 10224 -125.2 -36.2 227 10398 -127.1 -35.5 230 10504 -128.9 233 10609 -133.3 -36.3 235 10680 -131.0 -37.0 236 10716 -124.0 237 10751 -126.1 -36.8 247 11114 -130.9 -37.7 248 11150 -129.0 -36.8 250 11225 -127.2 -36.0 253 11337 -126.4 -36.5 258 11527 -110.6 -38.7 260 11605 -101.3 -37.1 262 11683 -103.5 -37.9 265 11802 -95.0 -36.1 268 11924 -101.0 -35.6 275 12218 -105.2 -36.3 278 12348 -105.2 -35.2 283 12574 -106.0 -34.8 286 12714 -115.4 -32.0 290 12906 -115.5 -32.1 292 13005 -99.5 -33.5 300 13418 -108.7 -34.0 303 13581 -112.9 -30.4 308 13861 -106.4 -29.7 310 13977 -115.0 -30.5 313 14153 -109.9 -30.8 322 14706 -107.6 -30.6 325 14898 -105.0 -31.5 327 15028 -103.9 -32.1 331 15292 -86.1 -30.7 335 15562 -83.2 -32.7 339 15837 -86.1 -32.1 341 15976 -78.5 -31.8 343 16117 -85.0 -29.8 346 16331 -70.7 -31.1 350 16619 -82.8 -29.0 352 16765 -81.5 -29.4 357 17135 -81.8 -28.9 362 17510 -83.3 -29.7 370 18122 -87.7 -29.9 373 18354 -88.5 -29.4 377 18666 -85.5 -28.9 385 19295 -85.8 -27.2 393 19929 -80.7 -27.6 394 20009 -81.8 -27.9 399 20406 -88.2 -28.9 404 28027 -92.8 -31.9 410 28549 -93.0 -29.7 417 29159 -95.6 -30.3 421 29507 -95.4 -30.3 425 29855 -99.9 -30.7 429 30203 -97.7 -31.1 433 30552 -103.8 -30.8 437 30900 -99.0 -31.5 441 31248 -100.9 -31.6 445 31596 -107.4 -33.3 449 31945 -111.0 -32.2 453 32293 -113.9 -29.8 461 32989 -114.3 -27.3 465 33337 -118.4 -27.7 469 33686 -111.2 -27.3 473 34034 -110.8 -28.4 477 34382 -111.6 -28.5 483 34904 -110.4 -28.5 489 35427 -107.5 -30.6 493.5 35775 -110.0 -31.4 498.5 36254 -113.9 -33.8 501.5 36471 -117.2 505.5 36820 -85.8 509.5 37212 -80.3 -26.9 513.5 37560 -88.5 -29.1 517.5 37908 -99.4 -31.6 521.5 38256 -91.8 -31.0 525.5 38605 -96.0 -30.1 529.5 38953 -108.7 -32.0 533.5 39301 -91.2 -29.1 537.5 39649 -93.8 -29.1 541.5 39997 -98.3 -30.3 545.5 40346 -96.0 -31.3 549.5 40694 -98.3 -31.8 553.5 41042 -94.8 -33.2 557.5 41390 -103.6 -34.2 561.5 41739 -108.9 -30.7 565.5 42087 -112.1 -29.3 569.5 42435 -110.1 -30.3 573.5 42783 -113.2 -28.8 581.5 43480 -108.2 -28.4 585.5 43828 -113.0 -28.7 589.5 44176 -118.2 -28.9 593.5 44524 -118.9 -27.2 597.5 44872 -104.9 -27.1 601.5 45221 -100.5 -27.3 605.5 45569 -100.0 -28.2 609.5 45917 -99.6 -29.7 613.5 46265 -95.4 -28.4 617.5 46614 -95.1 -28.0 621.5 46962 -93.4 -27.9 625.5 47310 -92.0 -28.6 629.5 47658 -87.9 -30.4 633.5 48006 -90.4 -30.1 637.5 48355 -102.2 -29.3 641.5 48703 -93.6 -30.8 645 49007 -95.4 -30.8 649 49355 -101.6 -31.4 653 49704 -101.4 -31.3 661 50400 -95.0 -31.5 665 50748 -102.8 -31.8 669 51096 -97.0 -31.6 673 51445 -103.2 -32.1 677 51793 -103.3 -31.9 681 52141 -103.8 -32.0 685 52489 -101.3 -32.2 689 52837 -99.8 -31.6 693 53186 -99.1 -31.6 697 53534 -101.0 -31.6 701 53882 -105.1 -32.2 709 54579 -111.4 -33.1 713 54927 -107.8 -33.2 717 55275 -114.8 -33.4 721 55623 -109.0 -33.6 725 55971 -110.5 -33.1 729 56320 -102.3 -33.8 733 56668 -96.8 -32.0 737 57016 -91.3 -31.5 741 57364 -106.0 -29.8 745 57712 -96.0 -30.0 749 58061 -109.0 -30.0 753 58409 -110.1 -30.1 757 58757 -120.3 -30.0 761 59105 -104.4 -29.7 765 59454 -122.0 -31.6