# Arctic Holocene Proxy Climate Database
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
#
# Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:15444
#
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/arctic/arctic2014readme.txt
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Paleolimnology
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2014-01-03   
#	Updated 2014-08-29 (addition of version 2 Excel data files, update citation from Climate of the Past Discussions to Climate of the Past)
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Arctic Holocene Proxy Climate Database
#--------------------
# Investigators
#       Investigators: Sundqvist, H.S.; Kaufman, D.S.; McKay, N.P.; Balascio, N.L.; Briner, J.P.; Cwynar, L.C.; Sejrup, H.P.; Seppä, H.; Subetto, D.A.; Andrews, J.T.; Axford, Y.; Bakke, J.; Birks, H.J.B.; Brooks, S.J.; de Vernal, A.; Jennings, A.E.; Ljungqvist, F.C.; Rühland, K.M.; Saenger, C.; Smol, J.P.; Viau, A.E.
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: Holocene proxy climate records from the Arctic. Database consisting of 168 sites from north of 58N, 
#                    proxy data from lake sediments (60%), marine sediments (32%), glacier ice (5%), and other sources. 
#                    Data are presented in 6 Excel files organized by region. Measured parameters include: alkenones, 
#                    ARM/IRM, biogenic silica, bulk density, C & N, carbonate, chironomids, d13C.bulk_organics, d18O.calcite, 
#                    d18O.cellulose, d18O.diatom, d18O.foram, d18O.ice, dD, diatoms, dinocysts, forams.pl, humification_index, 
#                    ice_rafted_debris, ice.melt, IP25, magnetic_susceptibility, Mg/Ca.foram, MgCa.ostracodes, mineral.content, 
#                    mineral.flux, OM.flux, pollen, sedimentation_rate, total_organic_carbon, varve.width. 
#		     Data set updated 2014-08-29 (addition of version 2 Excel data files, update citation from Climate of the Past Discussions to Climate of the Past)
#--------------------
# Publication 
#       Authors: H.S. Sundqvist, D.S. Kaufman, N.P. McKay, N.L. Balascio, J.P. Briner, L.C. Cwynar, H.P. Sejrup, H. Seppä, D.A. Subetto, J.T. Andrews, Y. Axford, J. Bakke, H.J.B. Birks, S.J. Brooks, A. de Vernal, A.E. Jennings, F.C. Ljungqvist, K.M. Rühland, C. Saenger, J.P. Smol, and A.E. Viau
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2014   
#       Published_Title: Arctic Holocene proxy climate database - new approaches to assessing geochronological accuracy and encoding climate variables
#       Journal_Name: Climate of the Past 
#       Volume: 10
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: 
#       Pages: 1605-1631
#       DOI: 10.5194/cp-10-1605-2014
#       Online_Resource: http://www.clim-past.net/10/1605/2014/cp-10-1605-2014.html
#       Full_Citation: 
#       Abstract: We present a systematic compilation of previously published Holocene proxy climate records from the Arctic. We identified 170 sites from north of 58N latitude where proxy time series extend back at least to 6 cal ka (all ages in this article are in calendar years before present – BP), are resolved at submillennial scale (at least one value every 400 ± 200 years) and have age models constrained by at least one age every 3000 years. In addition to conventional metadata for each proxy record (location, proxy type, reference), we include two novel parameters that add functionality to the database. First, "climate interpretation" is a series of fields that logically describe the specific climate variable(s) represented by the proxy record. It encodes the proxy-climate relation reported by authors of the original studies into a structured format to facilitate comparison with climate model outputs. Second, "geochronology accuracy score" (chron score) is a numerical rating that reflects the overall accuracy of 14C-based age models from lake and marine sediments. Chron scores were calculated using the original author-reported 14C ages, which are included in this database. The database contains 320 records (some sites include multiple records) from six regions covering the circumpolar Arctic: Fennoscandia is the most densely sampled region (31% of the records), whereas only five records from the Russian Arctic met the criteria for inclusion. The database contains proxy records from lake sediment (60%), marine sediment (32%), glacier ice (5%), and other sources. Most (61%) reflect temperature (mainly summer warmth) and are primarily based on pollen, chironomid, or diatom assemblages. Many (15%) reflect some aspect of hydroclimate as inferred from changes in stable isotopes, pollen and diatom assemblages, humification index in peat, and changes in equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers. This comprehensive database can be used in future studies to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of Arctic Holocene climate changes and their causes. The Arctic Holocene data set is available from NOAA Paleoclimatology.
#------------------
# Publication 
#       Authors: H.S. Sundqvist, D.S. Kaufman, N.P. McKay, N.L. Balascio, J.P. Briner, L.C. Cwynar, H.P. Sejrup, H. Seppä, D.A. Subetto, J.T. Andrews, Y. Axford, J. Bakke, H.J.B. Birks, S.J. Brooks, A. de Vernal, A.E. Jennings, F.C. Ljungqvist, K.M. Rühland, C. Saenger, J.P. Smol, and A.E. Viau
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2014   
#       Published_Title: Arctic Holocene proxy climate database - new approaches to assessing geochronological accuracy and encoding climate variables
#       Journal_Name: Climate of the Past Discussions
#       Volume: 10
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: 1
#       Pages: 1-63
#       DOI: 10.5194/cpd-10-1-2014
#       Online_Resource: 
#       Full_Citation: 
#       Abstract: We present a systematic compilation of previously published Holocene proxy climate records from the Arctic. We identified 167 sites from north of 58°N latitude where proxy time-series extend back at least to 6 cal ka, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (at least one value every 400±200 yr) and have age models constrained by at least one age every 3000 yr. In addition to conventional metadata for each proxy record (location, proxy type, reference), we include two novel parameters that add functionality to the database. First, "climate interpretation" is a series of fields that logically describe the specific climate variable(s) represented by the proxy record. It encodes the proxy-climate relation reported by authors of the original studies into a structured format to facilitate inter-comparison with climate model output. Second, "geochronology accuracy score" (chron score) is a numerical rating that reflects the overall accuracy of 14C-based age models from lake and marine sediments. Chron scores were calculated using the original author-reported 14C ages, which are included in this database. The database contains 315 records (some sites include multiple records) from six regions covering the circumpolar Arctic; Fennoscandia is the most densely sampled region (30% of the records), whereas only five records from the Russian Arctic met the criteria for inclusion. The database contains proxy records from lake sediment (60 %), marine sediment (32 %), glacier ice (5 %), and other sources. Most (60 %) reflect temperature (mainly summer warmth) and are primarily based on pollen, chironomid, or diatom assemblages. Many (15 %) reflect some aspect of hydroclimate as inferred from changes in stable isotopes, pollen and diatom assemblages, humification index in peat, and changes in equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers. This comprehensive database can be used in future studies to investigate the spatial-temporal pattern of Arctic Holocene climate changes and their causes. The Arctic Holocene dataset is available from NOAA Paleoclimatology.
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# Funding_Agency 
#       Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#       Grant: ARC-1107869 and 0909332
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# Site_Information 
#       Site_Name: Arctic
#       Location: Geographic Region>Arctic
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 90.00
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 58.00
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 180.00
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: -180.00
# 	Elevation: m  
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Arctic Proxy Climate Data 
#	Earliest_Year: 12000
#	Most_Recent_Year: 0
#	Time_Unit: Cal Year BP
#	Core_Length: m
#	Notes: 
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