Table S1. Identification number (the first number identifies the region: 1 East Antarctic Plateau, 2 Wilkes Land Coast, 3 Weddell Sea Coast, 4 Antarctic Peninsula, 5 West Antarctic Ice Sheet, 6 Victoria Land Coast and 7 Dronning Maud Land Coast), name, latitude and longitude, elevation, minimun and maximum time period covered by the core, data resolution, inclusion (Y) or not (N) in this study and previous PAGES 2k reconstructions (a: PAGES 2K consortium, 2013; b: PAGES 2k consortium, 2017), bibliographic citation of the core sites and original data URL. Site id Site name Lat (dec degree) Long (dec degree) elevation (m) Min year (CE) Max year (CE) Resolution (years) Included Citation original data URL 1.01 EDC Dome C -75.1 123.39 3233 3 1919 15 "Y, a, b" "Jouzel et al, 2001; Stenni et al., 2001" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6080 1.02 Vostok VRS13 -78.47 106.83 3488 1654 2010 1 "Y, b" "Ekaykin et al., 2014" https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-current-version/Ant-Vostok.Ekaykin.2014-2.txt 1.03 B31Site DML07 -75.58 -3.43 2680 1000 1994 1 "Y, b" "Graf et al., 2002" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104882 1.04 B32Site DML05 -75 -0.01 2892 166 1996 1 "Y, b" "Graf et al., 2002" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104881 1.05 B33Site DML17 -75.17 6.5 3160 1000 1997 1 "Y, b" "Graf et al., 2002" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104888 1.06 DML E98 -72.68 3.67 2751 1976 1996 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1999" NOT USED 1.07 DML L89 -74.65 12.8 3406 1962 1996 1 Y "Isaksson et al., 1999" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22589 1.08 FB96 DML01 -74.86 -2.55 2817 1895 1995 1 Y "Oerter et al., 1999" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22589 1.09 FB96 DML02 -74.97 -3.92 3014 1919 1995 1 Y "Oerter et al., 1999" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104876 1.1 FB97 DML03 -74.49 1.97 2843 1941 1996 1 Y "Oerter et al., 1999" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104879 1.11 FB97 DML04 -74.41 7.22 3161 1905 1996 1 Y "Oerter et al., 1999" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22589 1.12 FB97 DML05 -75 0.01 2882 1930 1996 1 Y "Oerter et al., 1999" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104880 1.13 FB97 DML06 -75 8.01 3246 1899 1996 1 Y "Oerter et al., 1999" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22589 1.14 FB97 DML07 -74.59 -3.44 2669 1908 1996 1 Y "Oerter et al., 1999" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104863 1.15 FB97 DML08 -75.75 3.29 2962 1919 1996 1 Y "Oerter et al., 1999" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22589 1.16 FB97 DML09 -75.93 7.22 3145 1897 1996 1 Y "Oerter et al., 1999" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22589 1.17 FB97 DML10 -75.22 11.35 3349 1900 1996 1 Y "Oerter et al., 1999" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22589 1.18 DML11 FB9803 -74.85 -8.5 2600 1921 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104883 1.19 DML18 FB9804 -75.25 -6 2630 1801 1996 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104889 1.2 DML19 FB9805 -75.17 -1 2840 1800 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104890 1.21 DML05 FB9807 -75 0.04 2880 1758 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104880 1.22 DML20 FB9808 -74.75 1 2860 1801 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104891 1.23 DML03 FB9809 -74.5 1.96 2843 1801 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104879 1.24 DML21 FB9810 -74.67 4 2980 1801 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104892 1.25 DML22 FB9811 -75.08 6.5 3160 1801 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104893 1.26 DML23 FB9812 -75.25 6.5 3160 1810 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104894 1.27 DML16 FB9813 -75.17 5 3100 1800 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22589 1.28 DML15 FB9814 -75.08 2.5 2970 1801 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104887 1.29 DML14 FB9815 -74.96 -1.5 2840 1801 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104880 1.3 DML13 FB9816 -75 -4.51 2740 1800 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104885 1.31 DML12 FB9817 -75 -6.5 2680 1800 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104884 1.32 DML02S SS9813 -74.97 3.92 3014 1801 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.104878 1.33 Dome F 1993 -77.32 39.7 3810 424 1467 5 "N, b" "Kawamura et al., 2007" https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-current-version/Ant-DomeF1993.Uemura.2014.txt 1.34 Dome F 2001 -77.32 39.7 3810 695 1875 10 "Y, b" "Horiuchi et al., 2008" https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-current-version/Ant-DomeF2001.Uemura.2008.txt 1.35 US-ITASE-2002-4 -86.5 -107.99 2586 1594 2003 0.12 "Y, b" "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 1.36 Plateau Remote -84 43 3330 2 1986 1 "Y, b" "Cole-Dai et al., 2000" https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-current-version/Ant-PlateauRemote.Mosley-Thompson.2013.txt 1.37 TALDICE -Talos Dome -72.82 159.18 2315 4 1991 11 "Y, b" "Stenni et al., 2011" https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-current-version/Ant-TalosDome.Stenni.2002.txt 1.38 TD96 Talos Dome -72.8 159.06 2316 1232 1995 1 "Y, b" "Stenni et al., 2002" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/2465 1.39 SPRESSO (South Pole) -89.93 144.39 2835 1801 1998 1 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://nsidc.org/data/docs/agdc/nsidc0536/  1.4 NUS 08-7 -74.12 1.6 2673 1382 2008 0.25 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://nsidc.org/data/docs/agdc/nsidc0536/  1.41 NUS 07-1 -73.72 7.94 3174 1706 2005 0.21 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://nsidc.org/data/docs/agdc/nsidc0536/  1.42 400th km -69.95 95.62 2777 1254 1987 5 Y "Ekaykin et al., 2017" https://www.clim-past.net/13/61/2017/cp-13-61-2017-supplement.zip 1.43 NVFL-1 -77.11 95.07 3775 1711 1944 1 Y "Ekaykin et al., 2017" https://www.clim-past.net/13/61/2017/cp-13-61-2017-supplement.zip 1.44 NVFL-3 -76.41 102.17 3528 1978 2009 1 Y "Ekaykin et al., 2017" https://www.clim-past.net/13/61/2017/cp-13-61-2017-supplement.zip 1.45 PV-10 -72.81 79.93 2800 1976 2009 1 Y "Ekaykin et al., 2017" https://www.clim-past.net/13/61/2017/cp-13-61-2017-supplement.zip 2.01 DSS Law Dome -66.77 112.81 1370 173 1995 1 "Y, b" "PAGES2k consortium, 2013" https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/LD2012-d18O-Native-age 2.02 105th km -67.43 93.38 1407 1757 1987 1 Y "Vladimirova and Ekaykin, 2014" https://www.clim-past.net/13/61/2017/cp-13-61-2017-supplement.zip 2.03 200th km -68.25 94.08 1990 1640 1988 1 N "Ekaykin et al., 2017" NOT USED 3.01 Berkner Island (South) B25 -79.57 -45.72 890 1000 1992 1 "Y, b" "Mulvaney et al., 2002" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.728157 4.01 Gomez -73.59 -70.36 1400 1858 2006 1 Y "Thomas et al., 2009" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/12543 4.02 James Ross Island -64.2 -57.69 1542 0 2007 1 "Y, b" "Mulvaney et al., 2012" https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-current-version/Ant-JamesRossIsland.Mulvaney.2013.txt 4.03 Dyer Plateau -70.68 -64.87 2002 1505 1988 1 Y "Thompson et al., 1994" http://www.bas.ac.uk/data/uk-pdc/ 4.04 Bruce Plateau -66.04 -64.08 1975.5 1900 2009 1 Y "Goodwin et al., 2016" ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/bruce/bruce2016d18o.txt 5.01 Ferrigno -74.57 -86.9 1354 1703 2010 1 "Y, b" "Thomas et al., 2013" https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-current-version/Ant-Ferrigno.Thomas.2013.txt 5.02 Bryan Coast -74.5 -81.68 1177 1712 2010 1 N "Thomas et al., 2015" NOT USED 5.03 Siple Station -75.92 -84.25 1054 1417 1983 1 "Y, b" "Mosley-Thompson et al., 1996" https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-current-version/Ant-SipleStation.Mosley-Thompson.1990.txt 5.04 WDC05A -79.46 -112.09 1806 786 2005 1 "Y, b" "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.05 WDC06A -79.46 -112.09 1766 -50 2005 0.05 "Y, b" "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.06 US-ITASE-1999-1 -80.62 -122.63 1350 1724 2000 0.5 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.07 US-ITASE-2000-1 -79.38 -111.24 1791 1673 2001 0.1 "Y, b" "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.08 US-ITASE-2000-2 -79.73 -111.5 1675 1979 2000 0.025 N "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.09 US-ITASE-2000-3 -78.43 -111.92 1742 1971 2001 0.043 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.1 US-ITASE-2000-4 -78.08 -120.08 1697 1798 2000 0.085 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.11 US-ITASE-2000-5 -77.68 -124 1828 1718 1999 0.18 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.12 US-ITASE-2000-6 -78.33 -124.48 1639 1965 1998 0.09 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.13 US-ITASE-2001-1 -79.16 -104.97 1842 1986 2002 0.038 N "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.14 US-ITASE-2001-2 -82 -110.01 1746 1892 2002 0.037 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.15 US-ITASE-2001-3 -78.12 -95.65 1620 1858 2002 0.048 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.16 US-ITASE-2001-4 -77.61 -92.25 1483 1986 2001 0.058 N "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.17 US-ITASE-2001-5 -77.06 -89.14 1239 1780 2002 0.078 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.18 US-ITASE-2002-1 -82 -110.01 1746 1855 2003 0.072 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.19 US-ITASE-2002-2 -83.5 -104.99 1957 1894 2002 0.046 Y "Steig et al., 2013" http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5QJ7F8B 5.2 RICE (Roosevelt Island) -79.36 -161.7 550 -44 2011 0.14 Y "Bertler et al., in prep." https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.880396 6.01 Hercules Névé -73.1 165.4 2960 1770 1992 1 Y "Stenni et al., 1999" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22401 6.02 VLG -77.33 162.53 625 1140 2000 1 "Y, b" "Bertler et al., 2011" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.866368 6.03 Mt Erebus Saddle - MES -77.52 167.68 1600 1473 2007 0.08 "Y, b" "Rhodes et al., 2012" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/13175 6.04 Whitehall Glacier WGH -72.9 169.08 400 1882 2006 1 Y "Sinclair et al., 2012" https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.880396 6.05 Taylor Dome -77.78 158.72 2365 -25 1939 1.7 Y "Steig et al., 2000" http://doi.org/10.17911/S9H59X 7.01 IND 22B4 -70.86 11.54 500 1533 1994 1 Y "Laluraj et al., 2011" https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-current-version/Ant-CoastalDML.Thamban.2012.txt 7.02 IND 25B5 -71.34 11.59 1300 1903 2006 0.08 Y "Naik et al., 2010" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22602 7.03 DML G3 -69.83 -0.62 57 1993 2009 1 N "Schlosser et al., 2012" NOT USED 7.04 DML G4 -70.9 -0.4 66 1983 2009 1 N "Schlosser et al., 2012" NOT USED 7.05 DML G5 -70.55 -0.05 82 1983 2009 1 N "Schlosser et al., 2012" NOT USED 7.06 DML G8 -70.42 2.02 58 1991 2009 1 N "Schlosser et al., 2014" NOT USED 7.07 DML LP1 -70.24 4.8 48 1992 2009 1 N "Schlosser et al., 2014" NOT USED 7.08 DML M2 -70.33 -0.12 75 1981 2009 1 N "Schlosser et al., 2012" NOT USED 7.09 DML S20 -70.25 4.82 63 1956 1996 1 Y "Isaksson et al., 1999" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22589 7.1 DML S32 -70.32 -0.8 53 1995 2009 1 N "Schlosser et al., 2014" NOT USED 7.11 DML S100 -70.24 4.8 48 1737 1999 1 Y "Kaczmarska et al., 2006" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22589 7.12 DML A89 -72.66 -16.65 30 1975 1988 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1994" NOT USED 7.13 DML C89 -72.77 -14.77 70 1976 1987 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1994" NOT USED 7.14 DML D89 -73.46 -12.56 300 1974 1988 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1994" NOT USED 7.15 DML E89 -73.6 -12.43 700 1973 1988 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1994" NOT USED 7.16 DML E91 -73.6 -12.43 700 1932 1991 1 Y "Isaksson et al., 1996" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22589 7.17 DML F89 -73.83 -12.22 800 1970 1988 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1994" NOT USED 7.18 DML G89 -74.02 -12.03 1200 1971 1988 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1994" NOT USED 7.19 DML H89 -74.35 -11.73 1200 1973 1988 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1994" NOT USED 7.2 DML B04 -70.62 -8.37 28 1892 1981 1 Y "Schlosser et al., 2002" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22589 7.21 DML E002 -70.62 -8.37 39 1972 1986 1 N "Oerter et al., 1999" NOT USED 7.22 DML E040 -70.96 -8.52 58 1971 1986 1 N "Oerter et al., 1999" NOT USED 7.23 DML E090 -71.4 -8.36 75 1969 1986 1 N "Oerter et al., 1999" NOT USED 7.24 DML E143 -71.84 -8.62 298 1967 1986 1 N "Oerter et al., 1999" NOT USED 7.25 DML E160 -71.98 -8.73 559 1969 1986 1 N "Oerter et al., 1999" NOT USED 7.26 DML E180 -72.17 -8.83 788 1973 1984 1 N "Oerter et al., 1999" NOT USED 7.27 DML FB0189 -70.66 -8.25 28 1975 1988 1 N "Schlosser et al., 2002" NOT USED 7.28 DML FB0201 -71.21 -6.79 600 1995 2001 1 N "Fernandoy et al., 2010" NOT USED 7.29 DML FB0203 -71.46 -9.86 630 1996 2001 1 N "Fernandoy et al., 2010" NOT USED 7.3 DML A98 -71.9 3.08 1520 1971 1996 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1999" NOT USED 7.31 DML B89 -72.13 3.18 2044 1971 1996 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1999" NOT USED 7.32 DML S15 -71.2 4.61 800 1974 1996 1 N "Isaksson et al., 1999" NOT USED 7.33 DML FB9802 -74.21 -9.75 1439 1881 1997 1 Y "Oerter et al., 2000" https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/22589 7.34 H72 -69.2 41.08 1214 1832 1999 1 N "Nishio et al., 2002" NOT USED