# Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard 800 Year Ice Core Black Carbon Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25510 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/svalbard/lomonosovfonna2018rbc.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Ice Cores # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: chemistry #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-10-31 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2018-10-31 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard 800 Year Ice Core Black Carbon Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Osmont, D.; Wendl, I.A.; Schmidely, L.; Sigl, M.; Vega, C.P.; Isaksson, E.; Schwikowski, M. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Annual averages (1222-2004 AD) of the refractory black carbon (rBC) record obtained from the Lomonosovfonna 2009 ice core spanning 1222-2009 AD. # Additional rBC data from the Lomonosovfonna 2011 firn core spanning the years 2004-2011 AD is added. Dating uncertainties are +/- 3 years for the time period # 1750-2011 (+/- 1 year in the vicinity of reference horizons) and +/- 10 years for the time period 1222-1750 AD. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Dimitri Osmont, Isabel A. Wendl, Loïc Schmidely, Michael Sigl, Carmen P. Vega, Elisabeth Isaksson, and Margit Schwikowski # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-09-06 # Published_Title: An 800-year high-resolution black carbon ice core record from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard # Journal_Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics # Volume: 18 # Edition: # Issue: 17 # Pages: 12777-12795 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-12777-2018 # Online_Resource: https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/12777/2018/ # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass, black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic warming by reducing snow albedo and thus triggering a snow-albedo feedback leading to increased snowmelt. Therefore, it is of high importance to assess past BC emissions to better understand and constrain their role. However, only a few long-term BC records are available from the Arctic, mainly originating from Greenland ice cores. Here, we present the first long-term and high-resolution refractory black carbon (rBC) record from Svalbard, derived from the analysis of two ice cores drilled at the Lomonosovfonna ice field in 2009 (LF-09) and 2011 (LF-11) and covering 800 years of atmospheric emissions. Our results show that rBC concentrations strongly increased from 1860 on due to anthropogenic emissions and reached two maxima, at the end of the 19th century and in the middle of the 20th century. No increase in rBC concentrations during the last decades was observed, which is corroborated by atmospheric measurements elsewhere in the Arctic but contradicts a previous study from another ice core from Svalbard. While melting may affect BC concentrations during periods of high temperatures, rBC concentrations remain well preserved prior to the 20th century due to lower temperatures inducing little melt. Therefore, the preindustrial rBC record (before 1800), along with ammonium (NH4+), formate (HCOO-) and specific organic markers (vanillic acid, VA, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-HBA), was used as a proxy for biomass burning. Despite numerous single events, no long-term trend was observed over the time period 1222-1800 for rBC and NH4+. In contrast, formate, VA, and p-HBA experience multi-decadal peaks reflecting periods of enhanced biomass burning. Most of the background variations and single peak events are corroborated by other ice core records from Greenland and Siberia. We suggest that the paleofire record from the LF ice core primarily reflects biomass burning episodes from northern Eurasia, induced by decadal-scale climatic variations. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation SNF # Grant: Sinergia 154450 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard # Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Svalbard And Jan Mayen # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 78.8234 # Southernmost_Latitude: 78.8234 # Easternmost_Longitude: 17.4331 # Westernmost_Longitude: 17.4331 # Elevation: 1202 m #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Lomonosovfonna2009rBC # First_Year: 1222 # Last_Year: 2011 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: 149.5 m # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Dating of the Lomonosovfonna 2009 ice core was performed by Wendl et al. (2015) using a multi-parameter approach including annual layer counting # of the delta 18O and sodium records back to 1750 AD, 210Pb decay, a two-parameter fit and absolute reference horizons (volcanic eruptions and 1963 AD tritium peak). # The depth-age relationship presented here is based on raw data in order to maximise the amount of datapoints. # Depth-age pairs are in the data file lomonosovfonna2018rbc-age.txt # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_AD age,,,year Common Era,,Ice cores,,,N, ## rBC_Lomo09 black carbon,bulk ice,,ng/g,,ice cores,averaged,Single Particle Soot Photometer,N,annual average ## rBC_Lomo11 black carbon,bulk ice,,ng/g,,ice cores,averaged,Single Particle Soot Photometer,N,annual average # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: # age_AD rBC_Lomo09 rBC_Lomo11 2011 0.213 2010 0.722 2009 0.533 2008 0.237 2007 0.341 2006 0.390 2005 0.366 2004 0.758 0.712 2003 1.645 2002 1.713 2001 0.757 2000 1.070 1999 1.911 1998 2.217 1997 1.587 1996 1.186 1995 1.734 1994 3.800 1993 1.089 1992 1.975 1991 1.129 1990 3.790 1989 4.057 1988 0.988 1987 1.797 1986 2.685 1985 2.239 1984 2.839 1983 1.558 1982 0.879 1981 12.756 1980 10.020 1979 2.800 1978 1.585 1977 2.937 1976 1.687 1975 2.060 1974 3.292 1973 3.600 1972 2.486 1971 2.728 1970 1.462 1969 5.181 1968 3.110 1967 2.763 1966 2.666 1965 4.523 1964 1.552 1963 4.460 1962 2.682 1961 0.964 1960 1.663 1959 3.427 1958 5.618 1957 11.610 1956 2.661 1955 2.495 1954 1.061 1953 3.051 1952 5.121 1951 1.621 1950 2.632 1949 8.825 1948 3.337 1947 4.645 1946 2.715 1945 2.057 1944 1.136 1943 1.548 1942 2.058 1941 0.999 1940 0.858 1939 1.046 1938 1.159 1937 0.993 1936 1.392 1935 1.987 1934 0.282 1933 0.571 1932 1.208 1931 0.451 1930 0.902 1929 1.040 1928 2.214 1927 1.772 1926 0.831 1925 0.396 1924 0.789 1923 1.766 1922 2.400 1921 1.421 1920 0.316 1919 0.508 1918 0.977 1917 0.991 1916 0.783 1915 0.174 1914 0.266 1913 0.875 1912 0.396 1911 0.454 1910 1.433 1909 4.060 1908 1.013 1907 1.034 1906 1.630 1905 0.333 1904 1.034 1903 1.998 1902 4.633 1901 0.643 1900 3.492 1899 2.322 1898 4.538 1897 1.720 1896 1.917 1895 1.388 1894 4.726 1893 1.184 1892 6.936 1891 3.742 1890 1.051 1889 1.123 1888 1.744 1887 1.193 1886 1.108 1885 0.588 1884 1.847 1883 2.493 1882 0.913 1881 2.818 1880 1.518 1879 1.203 1878 2.545 1877 4.034 1876 4.381 1875 2.120 1874 2.560 1873 1.260 1872 8.091 1871 5.374 1870 0.730 1869 3.723 1868 1.630 1867 1.493 1866 2.056 1865 1.106 1864 1.910 1863 1.495 1862 0.586 1861 2.291 1860 0.549 1859 0.581 1858 1.491 1857 2.026 1856 1.342 1855 0.213 1854 2.921 1853 0.712 1852 1.073 1851 0.708 1850 0.894 1849 0.826 1848 2.057 1847 0.957 1846 1.347 1845 1.703 1844 1.996 1843 0.578 1842 1.332 1841 0.885 1840 0.897 1839 1.290 1838 0.563 1837 1.443 1836 1.139 1835 0.706 1834 0.493 1833 1.022 1832 0.924 1831 2.157 1830 1.702 1829 0.236 1828 0.628 1827 0.540 1826 0.524 1825 1.126 1824 3.221 1823 1.255 1822 0.406 1821 0.690 1820 0.066 1819 1.082 1818 0.137 1817 0.685 1816 2.887 1815 0.610 1814 0.735 1813 0.666 1812 0.296 1811 0.829 1810 1.276 1809 0.421 1808 0.538 1807 1.112 1806 0.729 1805 0.186 1804 0.376 1803 0.835 1802 1.226 1801 0.824 1800 0.547 1799 0.952 1798 1.083 1797 4.668 1796 0.331 1795 0.486 1794 0.301 1793 0.536 1792 0.898 1791 0.532 1790 0.241 1789 1.053 1788 0.582 1787 0.688 1786 0.475 1785 0.813 1784 0.512 1783 0.399 1782 0.755 1781 0.960 1780 0.782 1779 0.208 1778 0.390 1777 0.249 1776 0.776 1775 0.793 1774 0.363 1773 1.103 1772 0.350 1771 0.624 1770 0.727 1769 0.833 1768 0.531 1767 0.326 1766 0.969 1765 0.740 1764 0.907 1763 0.938 1762 0.922 1761 0.350 1760 0.333 1759 1.101 1758 0.606 1757 0.522 1756 0.401 1755 0.376 1754 3.939 1753 0.361 1752 0.521 1751 0.878 1750 0.430 1749 0.264 1748 0.518 1747 0.558 1746 0.456 1745 0.160 1744 0.230 1743 0.271 1742 0.266 1741 0.651 1740 0.962 1739 0.299 1738 0.217 1737 0.171 1736 0.546 1735 0.398 1734 0.346 1733 0.295 1732 0.414 1731 0.372 1730 0.375 1729 0.300 1728 0.451 1727 0.285 1726 0.503 1725 0.392 1724 0.522 1723 0.188 1722 0.098 1721 0.210 1720 0.187 1719 0.131 1718 0.350 1717 0.400 1716 2.624 1715 1.075 1714 0.533 1713 0.363 1712 0.988 1711 0.724 1710 0.566 1709 0.435 1708 0.788 1707 0.698 1706 0.407 1705 0.475 1704 0.228 1703 0.610 1702 0.350 1701 0.303 1700 0.383 1699 0.720 1698 0.536 1697 0.997 1696 0.435 1695 1.127 1694 0.392 1693 0.374 1692 0.298 1691 0.358 1690 0.225 1689 0.440 1688 0.380 1687 1.331 1686 0.387 1685 0.403 1684 0.206 1683 0.461 1682 0.357 1681 0.394 1680 0.239 1679 1.260 1678 0.216 1677 0.531 1676 0.424 1675 0.318 1674 0.241 1673 0.425 1672 0.417 1671 1.222 1670 0.402 1669 0.478 1668 0.246 1667 0.426 1666 0.653 1665 0.342 1664 0.318 1663 0.295 1662 0.220 1661 0.590 1660 0.317 1659 0.179 1658 0.208 1657 0.602 1656 0.320 1655 0.462 1654 0.687 1653 0.597 1652 0.451 1651 0.543 1650 0.696 1649 0.245 1648 0.171 1647 0.310 1646 0.825 1645 0.358 1644 0.381 1643 0.502 1642 0.446 1641 0.458 1640 0.441 1639 0.426 1638 0.329 1637 0.231 1636 0.426 1635 0.318 1634 0.470 1633 0.337 1632 0.423 1631 0.421 1630 0.606 1629 0.439 1628 0.853 1627 0.494 1626 0.468 1625 0.433 1624 0.413 1623 0.844 1622 0.480 1621 0.511 1620 0.774 1619 0.432 1618 0.192 1617 0.443 1616 0.271 1615 0.334 1614 0.757 1613 0.315 1612 1.102 1611 0.419 1610 0.720 1609 0.364 1608 0.451 1607 0.432 1606 0.285 1605 0.739 1604 0.595 1603 0.441 1602 0.479 1601 0.296 1600 0.457 1599 0.625 1598 0.332 1597 0.887 1596 0.497 1595 0.439 1594 0.312 1593 0.221 1592 0.157 1591 0.175 1590 0.267 1589 0.344 1588 0.292 1587 0.454 1586 0.485 1585 0.242 1584 0.250 1583 0.341 1582 0.686 1581 0.489 1580 0.827 1579 0.493 1578 0.549 1577 0.269 1576 0.106 1575 0.159 1574 0.140 1573 0.520 1572 0.387 1571 0.356 1570 0.321 1569 0.198 1568 0.130 1567 0.731 1566 0.935 1565 0.835 1564 0.859 1563 0.471 1562 0.541 1561 0.625 1560 0.603 1559 0.352 1558 0.351 1557 0.521 1556 0.495 1555 0.577 1554 0.861 1553 0.825 1552 0.744 1551 0.414 1550 0.714 1549 1.036 1548 0.378 1547 1.139 1546 0.660 1545 0.405 1544 0.283 1543 0.306 1542 0.361 1541 0.248 1540 0.303 1539 0.226 1538 0.342 1537 0.216 1536 0.312 1535 0.187 1534 0.220 1533 0.135 1532 0.104 1531 0.083 1530 0.082 1529 0.147 1528 0.298 1527 0.284 1526 0.345 1525 0.129 1524 0.229 1523 0.155 1522 0.265 1521 0.158 1520 0.496 1519 1.727 1518 0.625 1517 0.140 1516 0.274 1515 0.223 1514 0.482 1513 0.629 1512 1.106 1511 0.763 1510 0.324 1509 0.517 1508 0.379 1507 0.379 1506 0.545 1505 0.432 1504 0.317 1503 0.324 1502 0.197 1501 0.207 1500 0.237 1499 0.413 1498 0.305 1497 0.610 1496 0.351 1495 0.195 1494 0.234 1493 0.391 1492 0.707 1491 0.342 1490 0.340 1489 0.267 1488 0.312 1487 0.532 1486 0.352 1485 0.449 1484 0.360 1483 0.521 1482 0.299 1481 0.291 1480 0.495 1479 0.641 1478 0.264 1477 0.529 1476 0.475 1475 0.382 1474 0.795 1473 0.465 1472 0.573 1471 0.508 1470 0.233 1469 0.540 1468 0.370 1467 0.595 1466 0.717 1465 0.438 1464 0.299 1463 0.703 1462 0.583 1461 0.243 1460 0.243 1459 0.505 1458 0.254 1457 0.415 1456 0.272 1455 0.343 1454 0.217 1453 0.356 1452 0.251 1451 0.178 1450 0.527 1449 0.393 1448 0.412 1447 0.316 1446 0.277 1445 0.312 1444 0.389 1443 0.356 1442 0.418 1441 0.574 1440 0.575 1439 0.306 1438 0.385 1437 0.329 1436 0.983 1435 0.403 1434 0.354 1433 0.505 1432 0.230 1431 0.370 1430 0.318 1429 0.450 1428 0.412 1427 0.394 1426 0.261 1425 0.196 1424 0.339 1423 0.244 1422 0.130 1421 0.217 1420 0.284 1419 0.236 1418 0.155 1417 0.230 1416 0.132 1415 0.265 1414 0.206 1413 0.531 1412 0.456 1411 0.463 1410 0.600 1409 0.100 1408 0.251 1407 0.213 1406 0.377 1405 0.298 1404 0.560 1403 0.325 1402 0.351 1401 0.499 1400 0.279 1399 0.333 1398 0.493 1397 0.481 1396 0.507 1395 0.453 1394 0.331 1393 0.690 1392 0.657 1391 0.301 1390 0.191 1389 0.210 1388 0.364 1387 0.207 1386 0.190 1385 0.535 1384 0.494 1383 0.421 1382 0.238 1381 0.295 1380 0.233 1379 0.302 1378 0.103 1377 0.219 1376 0.495 1375 0.211 1374 0.807 1373 0.439 1372 0.507 1371 0.514 1370 0.368 1369 0.753 1368 0.395 1367 0.283 1366 0.269 1365 0.253 1364 0.222 1363 0.276 1362 0.419 1361 0.277 1360 0.612 1359 0.354 1358 0.222 1357 0.341 1356 0.240 1355 0.256 1354 0.133 1353 0.188 1352 0.187 1351 0.138 1350 0.216 1349 0.321 1348 0.209 1347 0.232 1346 0.354 1345 0.332 1344 0.445 1343 0.254 1342 0.544 1341 0.399 1340 0.408 1339 0.476 1338 0.563 1337 0.545 1336 0.464 1335 0.710 1334 0.721 1333 0.362 1332 1.293 1331 0.519 1330 0.761 1329 0.557 1328 0.196 1327 0.193 1326 0.210 1325 0.414 1324 0.527 1323 0.295 1322 0.386 1321 0.347 1320 0.323 1319 0.328 1318 0.177 1317 0.184 1316 0.500 1315 0.247 1314 0.507 1313 0.385 1312 1.082 1311 0.639 1310 0.451 1309 0.466 1308 0.627 1307 0.916 1306 0.839 1305 0.456 1304 0.312 1303 0.891 1302 0.171 1301 0.094 1300 0.262 1299 0.557 1298 0.327 1297 0.416 1296 0.257 1295 0.326 1294 0.889 1293 0.398 1292 0.369 1291 0.332 1290 0.353 1289 0.182 1288 0.118 1287 0.332 1286 0.105 1285 0.361 1284 0.239 1283 0.081 1282 0.106 1281 0.160 1280 0.269 1279 0.247 1278 0.372 1277 0.681 1276 0.502 1275 0.284 1274 0.701 1273 0.335 1272 0.188 1271 0.207 1270 0.354 1269 0.246 1268 0.297 1267 0.320 1266 0.273 1265 0.245 1264 0.301 1263 0.297 1262 0.216 1261 0.120 1260 0.161 1259 0.277 1258 0.122 1257 0.327 1256 0.285 1255 0.166 1254 0.372 1253 0.378 1252 0.268 1251 0.256 1250 0.269 1249 0.329 1248 0.224 1247 0.260 1246 0.323 1245 0.314 1244 0.241 1243 0.317 1242 0.423 1241 0.255 1240 0.421 1239 0.166 1238 0.398 1237 0.454 1236 0.393 1235 0.344 1234 0.150 1233 0.498 1232 0.330 1231 0.252 1230 0.665 1229 0.293 1228 0.285 1227 0.262 1226 0.425 1225 0.341 1224 0.280 1223 0.500 1222 0.267