NorthGRIP N2O and CH4 Data for Dansgaard-Oeschger Events 9 to 12 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: NorthGRIP N2O and CH4 Data for Dansgaard-Oeschger Events 9 to 12 LAST UPDATE: 02/2004 (Original Receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Jacqueline Flückiger, Renato Spahni, Thomas Blunier, Bernhard Stauffer, Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2004-005 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Flückiger, J., et al., 2004, NorthGRIP N2O and CH4 Data for Dansgaard-Oeschger Events 9 to 12, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2004-005. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Flückiger, J., T. Blunier, B. Stauffer, J. Chappellaz, R. Spahni, K. Kawamura, J. Schwander, T.F. Stocker, and D. Dahl-Jensen, N2O and CH4 variations during the last glacial epoch: Insight into global processes, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, Vol. 18, GB1020, doi:10-1029/2003GB002122. ABSTRACT: Greenhouse gas measurements along polar ice cores provide important insight into the former composition of the atmosphere, its natural variations, and the responses to fast climatic changes in the past. We present high-resolution nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) records measured along two ice cores from central Greenland covering part of Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 4 in the last glacial epoch. The N2O data confirm the hypothesis that N2O shows variations in phase to fast climatic changes observed in the Northern Hemisphere, the so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. Variations exist not only for events with a long duration (1500 years and more) but also for the shorter ones. The comparison with CH4 unveils interesting differences between the response of CH4 and N2O to D-O events. While the average amplitudes of CH4 oscillations associated with D-O events are similar to those of the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, the magnitude of the N2O concentration change instead correlates with the duration of the D-O events. The records give further insight into the timing of concentration changes at the beginning of D-O events. They show that for long-lasting events the N2O concentration starts to increase before both the sharp increase in the CH4 concentration and the temperature reconstructed for Greenland. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Greenland PERIOD OF RECORD: 38.1 - 48.3 kyr BP DESCRIPTION: N2O and CH4 record from the NorthGRIP ice core (Greenland) covering Dansgaard-Oeschger Events 9 to 12. (Please also see file grip_n2o-ch4_2004.txt for N2O and CH4 records from the GRIP ice core). Measurements were performed along the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice core (75°06'N, 42°20'W) at 158 and 164 different depth levels for N2O and CH4, respectively. These data cover the time period of D-O events 9 to 12. The resolution of the NGRIP records is about 63 years with highest resolutions of up to 35 years at the beginning of D-O events. FUNDING SOURCES: This work, as part of the NorthGRIP project, was supported by the University of Bern and the Swiss National Science Foundation. The NorthGRIP project is directed and organized by the Department of Geophysics at the Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics, University of Copenhagen. It is being supported by Funding Agencies in Denmark (SNF), Belgium (FNRS-CFB), France (IFRTP and INSU/CNRS), Germany (AWI), Iceland (RannIs), Japan (MEXT), Sweden (SPRS), Switzerland (SNF), and the United States of America (NSF). Partial support through contract EVK2-2000-22067 (POP) by the Swiss Federal Office of Science and Education is acknowledged. DATA: Column 1: depth [m] Column 2: tentative NorthGRIP age [yr BP] Column 3: age (synchronized to GRIP SS09) [yr BP] Column 4: N2O concentration [ppbv] Column 5: N2O artifacts [ppbv] Column 6: 1-sigma uncertainty N2O [ppbv] Column 7: CH4 concentration [ppbv] Column 8: 1-sigma uncertainty CH4 [ppbv] NGRIP GRIP depth gas age gas age N2O N2O art. N2O err. CH4 CH4 err. [m] [yr BP] [yr BP] [ppbv] [ppbv] [ppbv] [ppbv] [ppbv] 2085.075 38165 35618 230.7 NaN 4 600.7 10 2086.175 38195 35670 234 NaN 3.7 593.3 10 2087.975 38249 35789 228.3 NaN 4 524 10 2088.375 38262 35816 231.7 NaN 3.5 493 10 2089.525 38304 35892 226 NaN 3.7 482 10 2090.025 38326 35926 222.3 NaN 3.5 482 10 2091.675 38412 36035 218.3 NaN 4 481.7 10 2092.825 38486 36112 225 NaN 4.3 475.7 10 2093.925 38568 36185 218 NaN 3.9 485 10 2094.975 38653 36255 225.7 NaN 3.5 466.7 10 2096.125 38739 36331 214.7 NaN 3.5 447.7 10 2097.175 38813 36401 NaN 230 4.1 452.3 10 2098.275 38888 36475 221 NaN 3.7 451 10 2099.375 38965 36548 NaN NaN NaN 449.3 10 2099.425 38969 36551 216.3 NaN 4 450.3 10 2100.475 39055 36621 NaN 289.7 4 461.7 10 2101.575 39157 36694 NaN NaN NaN 464 10 2102.675 39262 36767 214.3 NaN 3.5 451 10 2103.775 39359 36841 227.7 NaN 4 469.7 10 2104.925 39455 36917 221.3 NaN 3.5 445 10 2105.975 39540 36987 219 NaN 3.7 437 10 2107.075 39631 37060 228.7 NaN 3.5 443 10 2108.175 39726 37133 227.7 NaN 3.8 442.7 10 2109.275 39819 37207 223 NaN 3.7 439 10 2110.375 39904 37280 226.3 NaN 3.5 440.3 10 2111.475 39983 37353 NaN 365 6.7 443.7 10 2112.575 40058 37426 231.3 NaN 3.8 429 10 2113.675 40120 37499 223 NaN 4.1 443.3 10 2114.175 40146 37530 227 NaN 3.4 475 10 2114.775 40174 37563 223 NaN 3.7 481.3 10 2115.275 40198 37589 NaN 242 3.4 487 10 2115.875 40228 37621 NaN 292 3.7 493.3 10 2116.375 40254 37648 NaN 350.7 3.8 463 10 2116.975 40287 37680 NaN 244.3 3.5 447 10 2117.475 40316 37707 222.7 NaN 3.8 434.7 10 2119.175 40434 37847 220 NaN 3.7 415.3 10 2120.275 40518 37947 213 NaN 3.7 418.7 10 2121.375 40602 38048 217.3 NaN 3.8 424.7 10 2122.475 40686 38149 212.3 NaN 3.5 430.3 10 2123.575 40775 38250 222.3 NaN 3.5 436.7 10 2124.675 40886 38350 222.7 NaN 3.5 443.7 10 2125.175 40942 38396 227 NaN 3.4 461.7 10 2125.775 41006 38451 235.3 NaN 3.8 477.7 10 2126.875 41097 38515 NaN NaN NaN 488.7 10 2127.375 41131 38533 232 NaN 4.1 507.7 10 2127.975 41167 38555 234.3 NaN 3.8 513 10 2129.075 41225 38596 231.3 NaN 3.8 524.7 10 2131.275 41321 38677 232 NaN 3.7 515.7 10 2132.375 41365 38717 230 NaN 3.7 508.7 10 2133.475 41407 38758 238.3 NaN 3.5 508 10 2134.575 41448 38798 227.7 NaN 3.5 502.7 10 2135.675 41488 38838 NaN 240.3 3.8 511 10 2136.775 41526 38879 NaN NaN NaN 509.3 10 2137.275 41544 38897 NaN 290 5.7 496 10 2137.875 41565 38919 228 NaN 3.7 NaN NaN 2138.975 41608 38960 NaN 236.7 3.5 504.3 10 2140.075 41658 39000 NaN NaN 506 10 2140.575 41683 39019 208.3 NaN 3.8 484 10 2141.175 41716 39041 NaN 233.3 3.5 435.7 10 2142.275 41791 39112 217 NaN 3.4 418.3 10 2143.375 41880 39211 NaN NaN NaN 430 10 2144.505 41979 39313 220.7 NaN 3.5 416.7 10 2146.125 42131 39459 217.7 NaN 3.5 422 10 2146.675 42184 39509 222.7 NaN 3.5 432.3 10 2147.775 42289 39608 220 NaN 3.4 427 10 2148.875 42391 39707 230 NaN 4.1 431.3 10 2149.375 42431 39753 223.7 NaN 4 453 10 2149.975 42479 39807 233.3 NaN 3.8 469.7 10 2151.075 42556 39860 NaN NaN NaN 467.3 10 2151.575 42590 39883 226 NaN 3.7 478.3 10 2152.175 42629 39912 NaN 248 4.1 482 10 2153.275 42701 39964 239.7 NaN 3.5 468.7 10 2154.375 42777 40016 229.3 NaN 3.5 472 10 2155.46 42847 40067 242.7 NaN 3.5 480.7 10 2156.575 42907 40120 233 NaN 3.7 489 10 2157.075 42933 40144 NaN 248.7 4 504 10 2157.675 42965 40172 NaN 313.3 3.8 529 10 2158.775 43025 40224 245.7 NaN 3.5 551.3 10 2159.875 43083 40276 235.3 NaN 3.8 520 10 2160.975 43137 40328 NaN NaN NaN 529.3 10 2161.025 43139 40330 233 NaN 3.7 520 10 2162.075 43182 40380 242.3 NaN 3.5 534.7 10 2163.175 43221 40432 238.3 NaN 3.8 521 10 2164.275 43257 40484 234 NaN 3.7 520.3 10 2165.375 43294 40536 233.3 NaN 3.8 501.7 10 2166.475 43330 40588 240 NaN 4.1 536 10 2167.575 43366 40640 232.7 NaN 4.4 524.3 10 2168.675 43406 40692 NaN NaN NaN 520 10 2168.725 43408 40695 240 NaN 3.7 524 10 2169.775 43450 40744 NaN 245 3.7 520 10 2170.875 43498 40796 NaN 477.7 9.4 509 10 2171.975 43544 40848 228 NaN 3.7 508.3 10 2172.525 43566 40874 233.3 NaN 3.8 514.3 10 2173.025 43587 40898 217.7 NaN 3.5 474.7 10 2174.175 43647 40974 NaN 245.3 3.5 424 10 2175.275 43729 41076 219.3 NaN 3.5 423.3 10 2176.375 43838 41178 NaN 240 3.4 441 10 2177.475 43954 41280 NaN 238 3.7 433.3 10 2178.575 44058 41382 229.3 NaN 3.5 427.3 10 2179.675 44163 41484 229.7 NaN 3.5 426.3 10 2180.775 44268 41586 237.3 NaN 4 440.3 10 2181.875 44376 41688 NaN 242.7 3.5 413.7 10 2182.975 44480 41790 226.3 NaN 3.5 434 10 2184.075 44585 41892 233.7 NaN 3.5 435.3 10 2185.335 44688 42008 227 NaN 3.7 463.7 10 2185.675 44713 42037 228 NaN 3.7 480.3 10 2186.275 44753 42065 228.3 NaN 4 495.3 10 2186.775 44785 42089 NaN 246.3 3.8 499.3 10 2187.375 44823 42118 NaN 247.3 3.5 506 10 2188.475 44891 42171 NaN 244.3 3.8 480.3 10 2189.575 44962 42224 NaN 238.7 3.8 465 10 2190.075 44996 42248 226.3 NaN 3.5 469.7 10 2190.755 45043 42280 224 NaN 3.7 475.3 10 2191.775 45114 42329 221 NaN 3.4 481.7 10 2192.875 45189 42382 223.5 NaN 3.7 495 10 2193.975 45264 42435 229.7 NaN 3.5 481 10 2195.075 45340 42488 234 NaN 3.7 490.7 10 2196.175 45411 42541 232 NaN 3.7 477.7 10 2197.275 45483 42593 233.3 NaN 3.5 486 10 2198.375 45556 42646 232 NaN 3.4 479.3 10 2199.475 45625 42699 240.3 NaN 3.5 481.3 10 2200.575 45697 42752 231.3 NaN 4.4 501.3 10 2201.675 45768 42805 233.3 NaN 3.5 483.3 10 2202.775 45833 42857 241 NaN 3.7 513.7 10 2203.89 45894 42911 242.3 NaN 4 NaN NaN 2204.975 45953 42963 243.3 NaN 3.5 520.7 10 2206.125 46014 43018 243.7 NaN 3.5 497 10 2207.175 46067 43069 237 NaN 3.4 503.3 10 2208.275 46122 43121 242 NaN 3.7 505 10 2209.375 46178 43174 242.3 NaN 3.5 523.3 10 2210.475 46235 43227 244 NaN 3.7 520.3 10 2211.575 46291 43280 242.7 NaN 3.5 525.7 10 2212.675 46344 43333 246.7 NaN 3.8 525.3 10 2213.775 46395 43386 249.3 NaN 3.8 538.7 10 2214.875 46448 43438 241 NaN 3.4 531 10 2215.975 46500 43491 249.7 NaN 3.8 520.3 10 2217.075 46549 43544 241 NaN 3.4 534 10 2218.175 46596 43597 238.3 NaN 6 524.3 10 2219.275 46644 43650 242 NaN 4.1 533.3 10 2220.375 46687 43702 239.3 NaN 3.5 517.7 10 2221.475 46729 43755 240.3 NaN 3.5 521.7 10 2222.575 46778 43808 252 NaN 3.7 538.7 10 2223.675 46834 43861 243.3 NaN 3.5 537.7 10 2224.775 46889 43914 NaN 308.3 3.8 546.7 10 2225.975 46937 43971 247 NaN 3.7 555 10 2226.975 46973 44019 255.3 NaN 3.5 539 10 2228.675 47028 44101 249.7 NaN 3.8 559 10 2229.24 47047 44128 245.3 NaN 3.5 551.3 10 2230.295 47080 44179 NaN 291.3 3.5 NaN NaN 2231.375 47113 44230 238.3 NaN 3.8 555 10 2232.475 47143 44283 237 NaN 3.7 555.7 10 2233.575 47173 44336 242.3 NaN 3.8 560 10 2234.675 47208 44389 227.3 NaN 3.5 557.3 10 2235.175 47223 44413 227 NaN 3.7 558 10 2236.325 47259 44476 229.7 NaN 4.4 513.7 10 2236.875 47276 44538 226.3 NaN 3.5 473 10 2237.975 47321 44662 221 NaN 3.7 484.3 10 2239.075 47380 44787 211.3 NaN 3.5 468.3 10 2240.175 47461 44911 219.7 NaN 3.5 478.3 10 2241.275 47549 45035 NaN 254.3 3.5 486.3 10 2242.375 47637 45159 NaN 392.7 7.6 457.3 10 2243.475 47724 45283 212.7 NaN 3.5 454.3 10 2244.575 47813 45408 205.3 NaN 3.5 453.7 10 2245.675 47909 45532 206.7 NaN 3.5 452.3 10 2246.775 48014 45656 209 NaN 3.7 457.3 10 2247.875 48119 45780 216 NaN 3.7 464 10 2249.475 48275 45961 229.3 NaN 3.8 469 10