# Genesis v.3 Cenomanian Climate Simulations 
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# 
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
# Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18776
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/poulsen2015/readme-poulsen2015.txt
#
# Original_Source_URL: 
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Paleoclimatic Modeling
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# Parameter_Keywords: 
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2015-06-12
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Genesis v.3 Cenomanian Climate Simulations 
#--------------------
# Investigators
# 	Investigators: Poulsen, C.J.; Tabor, C.R.; White, J.D.
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: Climate Simulations using the Genesis v.3 model for Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous, ~94-100 million years before present). 
#	Climate model output netCDF filenames and boundary conditions are as follows:
#
#	Simulation	Age	CO2	O2	CH4	N2O	Luminosity	Obliquity	Eccentricity	Years
#	2CO2_10O.041-060.nc	Cenomanian	1120	10	741	325	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	2CO2_21O.041-060.nc	Cenomanian	1120	21	650	285	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	2CO2_35O.041-060.nc	Cenomanian	1120	35	535	234	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	2CO2_10O.041-060LSX.nc	Cenomanian	1120	10	741	325	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	2CO2_21O.041-060LSX.nc	Cenomanian	1120	21	650	285	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	2CO2_35O.041-060LSX.nc	Cenomanian	1120	35	535	234	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	
#	Note: Each netcdf file contains 20-yr means of monthly average atmospheric or land surface (LSX) parameters. 
#
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: Poulsen, C.J., Tabor, C.R., White, J.D.
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2015-06-12 
#	Published_Title: Long-term climate forcing by atmospheric oxygen concentrations
#	Journal_Name: Science
#	Volume: 348
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 6240
#	Pages: 
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1126/science.1260670
#	Online_Resource: 
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The percentage of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere varied between 10% and 35% throughout the Phanerozoic. These changes have been linked to the evolution, radiation, and size of animals, but have not been considered to affect climate. We conducted simulations showing that modulation of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), as a result of its contribution to atmospheric mass and density, influences the optical depth of the atmosphere. Under low pO2 and a reduced-density atmosphere, shortwave scattering by air molecules and clouds is less frequent, leading to a substantial increase in surface shortwave forcing. Through feedbacks involving latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere and marine stratus clouds, surface shortwave forcing drives increases in atmospheric water vapor and global precipitation, enhances greenhouse forcing, and raises global surface temperature. Our results implicate pO2 as an important factor in climate forcing throughout geologic time. 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#	Grant: F035175, F033663
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Global
#	Location: 
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 90.0
#	Southernmost_Latitude: -90.0
#	Easternmost_Longitude: 180.0
#	Westernmost_Longitude: -180.0
#	Elevation: m  
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Poulsen2015GCM
#	Earliest_Year: 100000000 
#	Most_Recent_Year: 94000000 
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: m
#	Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
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#----------------
# Variables 
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# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
## Short_name	What	Material	Error	Units
## Simulation	Genesis v.3 simulation name			
## Age	Paleogeographic reconstruction			
## CO2	Mol fraction of atmospheric carbon dioxide			ppm
## O2	Oxygen concentration			pct
## pCH4	Mol fraction of atmospheric methane			ppbv
## pN2O	Mol fraction of nitrous oxide			ppbv
## Luminosity	Solar luminosity			Wm-2
## Obliquity	Axial tilt			degrees
## Eccentricity	Eccentricity			degrees
## Years	Model years of monthly climatology			
## 
#----------------
#	Data: Climate Simulations using the Genesis v.3 model for Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous, ~94-100 million years before present). 
#	Climate model output netCDF filenames and boundary conditions are as follows:
#
#	Simulation	Age	CO2	O2	CH4	N2O	Luminosity	Obliquity	Eccentricity	Years
#	2CO2_10O.041-060.nc	Cenomanian	1120	10	741	325	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	2CO2_21O.041-060.nc	Cenomanian	1120	21	650	285	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	2CO2_35O.041-060.nc	Cenomanian	1120	35	535	234	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	2CO2_10O.041-060LSX.nc	Cenomanian	1120	10	741	325	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	2CO2_21O.041-060LSX.nc	Cenomanian	1120	21	650	285	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	2CO2_35O.041-060LSX.nc	Cenomanian	1120	35	535	234	1354	23.5	0	41-60
#	
#	Note: Each netcdf file contains 20-yr means of monthly average atmospheric or land surface (LSX) parameters.