GCM Output Data Set: readme file ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and World Data Center A- Paleoclimatology ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCES WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: General Circulation Model Output Data Set LAST UPDATE: 6/94 (Original Receipt by WDC-A Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: David Rind, NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies IGBP PAGES/WDCA Data Contribution Series #: 94-012 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Rind, D., 1994, General Circulation Model Output Data Set. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 94-012. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Published reference describing model and control run: Hansen, J., Russell, G., Rind, D., Stone, P., Lacis, A., Lebedeff, S., Reudy, R., and Travis, L., Efficient three-dimensional global models for climate studies, Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 609-662, 1983. Published references describing individual experiments: NASA-GISS Model II' 6 KYRBP runs (monthly, seasonal, annual): Joussaume, S., Taylor, K. E., Braconnot, P., Mitchell, J. F. B., Kutzbach, J. E., Harrison, S.P., Prentice, I. C., Broccoli, A. J., Abe-Ouchi, A., Bartlein, P. J., Bonfils, C., Dong, B., Guiot, J., Herterich, K., Hewitt, C. D., Jolly, D., Kim, J. W., Kislov, A., Kitoh, A., Loutre, M. F., Masson, McAvaney, V., B. McFarlane, N., de Noblet, N., Peltier, W. R., Peterschmitt, J.Y., Pollard, D., Rind, D., Royer J. F., Schlesinger, M. E., Syktus, J., Thompson, S., Valdes, P., Vettoretti, G., Webb, R. S., Wyputta, U., 1999. Monsoon changes for 6000 years ago: Results of 18 simulations from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Geophysical Research Letters 26, 859-862. For isotope modeling output: Cole, J. E., Rind, D., Webb, R.S., Jouzel, J., and Healy, R.J., 1999. Global controls on interannual variability of precipitation _ 18 O: the relative roles of temperature, precipitation amount, and vapor source region. Journal of Geophysical Research 104, 14223-14235 Other experiments with GISS Model: Kerwin, M., Overpeck, J.T. Webb, R.S., DeVernal, A., Rind,D.H., and Healy., R.J., 1999. The role of oceanic forcing in mid-Holocene Northern Hemisphere Climatic Change. Paleoceanography 14, 200-210 Hansen, J., Lacis, A., Rind, D., Russell, G.,, Stone, P., Fung, I., Ruedy, R., and Lerner, J., Climate Sensitivity: Analysis of Feedback Mechanisms. In "Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity", Geophysical Monograph 29, Maurice Ewing Volume 5, American Geophysical Union, 1984. Rind, D. Peteet, D., Broecker, W., McIntyre, A. and Ruddiman, W. The impact of cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures on climate: implications for the Younger Dryas cooling (11-10k). Climate Dynamics 1, 3-33, 1986. Overpeck, J.T., Peterson, L.C., Kipp, N. Imbrie, J and Rind D. Climate change in the circum-North Atlantic region during the last deglaciation. Nature 338, p. 553-557, 1989. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Global PERIOD OF RECORD: 18 KYrBP(Runs 903, 903b),11 KYrBPO (Runs 969, 969a, 969c). LIST OF FILES: 903.readme, 903b.readme, 969.readme, 969a.readme, 969c.raedme (information files on parameters for each run), output file names of the form Run#_timeinterval.output parameter. DESCRIPTION: GISS MODEL II NINE LAYER PALEOCLIMATE SIMULATIONS There are a number of different modern control runs for the paloeclimate experiments. It is important to be sure that the correct control run is used when evaluating the paleoclimate simulations. 903 is the standard 8x10 18K simulation with ice sheet configuration, sea surface temperatures, and sea ice from CLIMAP (1981), 18K orbital forcing, and modern trace gases. The control run for this experiment is 822d. 903b is the standard 8x10 18K simulation with ice sheet configuration, sea surface temperatures, and sea ice from CLIMAP (1981), 18K orbital forcing, and CO2 = 200 ppm. The control run for this experiment is 822d. Key for output variables: Filename Variable Extension Description ----------------------------------------------- cldcovij TOTAL CLOUD COVER cnvcldij MOIST CONVECTIVE CLOUD COVER disuatij DIURNAL SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE CHANGE dsenrgij TOTAL NORTH TRANS OF DRY STATIC ENERGY evaporij COMPOSITE EVAPORATION grntemij COMPOSITE GROUND TEMPERATURE OF LAYR 1 hiicldij CLOUD COVER FROM LAYERS 6 AND 7 icecovij OCEAN ICE COVERAGE lowcldij CLOUD COVER FROM LAYER 1 2 and 3 midcldij CLOUD COVER FROM LAYERS 4 AND 5 nheatsij COMPOSITE NET HEATING AT SURFACE ntradsij COMPOSITE NET RADIATION AT SURFACE precipij PRECIPITATION senshtij COMPOSITE SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX slpresij SEA LEVEL PRESSURE snocovij COMPOSITE SNOW COVERAGE snodepij COMPOSITE SNOW DEPTH sorad0ij NET SOLAR RADIATION AT P0 soradsij COMPOSITE NET SOLAR RADIATION AT SURFCE srfhumij COMPOSITE SURFACE AIR HUMIDITY srftemij COMPOSITE SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE srinc0ij INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION AT P0 srincsij COMPOSITE INCIDENT SOLAR RAD AT SURFACE srunofij SURFACE RUNOFF OVER EARTH s_icovij SNOW AND ICE COVERAGE tem850ij TEMPERATURE AT 850 MB thrad0ij NET THERMAL RADIATION AT P0 tlwiceij TOTAL WATER AND ICE OVER EARTH ujetwnij U COMPONENT OF 7-TH LAYER WINDS usdragij U COMPON OF COMPOSITE MOMENTUM SRF DRAG usrfwnij U COMPON OF COMPOSITE SURFACE AIR WIND vjetwnij V COMPONENT OF 7-TH LAYER WINDS vsdragij V COMPON OF COMPOSITE MOMENTUM SRF DRAG vsrfwnij V COMPON OF COMPOSITE SURFACE AIR WIND z00100ij 100 MB GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT z00300ij 300 MB GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT z00500ij 500 MB GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT z00850ij 850 MB GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT