# Sherriff fire data from Needles, Colorado Front Range - IMPD USRS-016
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. 
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/37427
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-fire-37427.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
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# Data_Type: Fire History
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# Dataset_DOI:
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# Science_Keywords: 
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# Resource_Links
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# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usrs-016.fhx
#   Data_Download_Description: Data - Fire History Exchange File (FHX); Needles Fire Scar Data 
# 
# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usrs-016-noaa.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: Metadata - NOAA Template File; Needles Fire Scar Metadata
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# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2014-09-24
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2023-02-21
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# Title
#   Study_Name: Sherriff fire data from Needles, Colorado Front Range - IMPD USRS-016
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# Investigators
#   Investigators: Sherriff, Rosemary L.; Veblen, Thomas T.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: 
# This dataset was contributed as part of the Fire data from the Colorado Front Range 2014 research project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/17194). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.
# 
# Sample Storage Location: 
# Dating Method: Crossdated
# Related ITRDB_Chronology: Not Applicable
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# Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
#   https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usrs-016.fhx
# along with associated metadata at:
#   https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usrs-016-noaa.txt
# 
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# Funding_Agency 
#   Funding_Agency_Name:
#   Grant:
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# Publication 
#   Authors: Sherriff, R.L. and T.T. Veblen
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2007.0
#   Published_Title: A spatially-explicit reconstruction of fire regime types in ponderosa pine forests of the Colorado Front Range
#   Journal_Name: Ecosystems
#   Volume: 10.0
#   Edition: 
#   Issue: 
#   Pages: 311-323
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 10.1007/s10021-007-9022-2
#   Publication_Place: 
#   Publisher: 
#   ISBN: 
#   Online_Resource: 
#   Other_Reference_Details: 
#   Full_Citation: Sherriff, R.L. and T.T. Veblen. 2007. A spatially-explicit reconstruction of fire regime types in ponderosa pine forests of the Colorado Front Range. Ecosystems 10: 311-323.   
#   Abstract: 
# A key issue in ecosystem management in the western U.S. is the determination of the historic range of variability of fire and its ecological significance prior to major land-use changes associated with Euro-American settlement. The present study relates spatial variation in historical fire occurrence to variation in abiotic and biotic predictors of fire frequency and severity across the elevational range of ponderosa pine in northern Colorado. Logistic regression was used to relate fire frequency to environmental predictors and to derive a probability surface for mapping purposes. These results indicate that less than 20% of the ponderosa pine zone had an historic fire regime (pre-1915) of relatively frequent fires (mean fire intervals, MFI, <30 years). More than 80% is reconstructed to have had a lower frequency (MFI ? 30 years), more variable severity fire regime. High fire frequency is clearly associated with low elevations. Lower and more variable fire frequencies, associated with high and moderate severities, occur across a broad range of elevation and are related to variations in other environmental variables. Only a small part of the ponderosa pine zone fits the widespread view that the historic fire regime was characterized mainly by frequent, low-severity that maintained open conditions. Management attempts to restore historic forest structures and/or fire conditions must recognize that infrequent severe fires were an important component of the historic fire regime in this cover type in northern Colorado.
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# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Needles - IMPD USRS-016
#   Location: North America>United States Of America>Colorado
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 40.40713
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 40.40713
#   Easternmost_Longitude: -105.536716
#   Westernmost_Longitude: -105.536716
#   Elevation_m: 2634
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: USRS-016
#   First_Year: 1700
#   Last_Year: 1999
#   Time_Unit: CE
#   Core_Length_m: 
#   Parameter_Keywords: fire scar dates
#   Notes: 
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# Species 
#   Species_Name: Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson
#   Common_Name: ponderosa pine
#   Common_Name: western yellow pine
#   Tree_Species_Code: PIPO
#   Tree_Species_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/tree-species-code.csv
#   Tree_Species_Download_Description: List of accepted tree species names and codes.
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# Chronology Information: 
# Chronology:
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# Variables
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# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
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#   Short_name	what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information
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## age_ce	age,,,year Common Era,,FIRE HISTORY;TREE RING,,,N,
## tree_events	tree demographic and injury and fire event code,wood,,,,FIRE HISTORY;TREE RING,,,C,FHX2 data format; refer to IMPD documentation for description of codes
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# Data:
# To access data, use Data_Download_Resource links above.