# Guiterman fire data from Peggy Mesa - IMPD USPGM001
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. 
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36181
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-fire-36181.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
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# Data_Type: Fire History
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# Dataset_DOI:
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# Science_Keywords: 
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# Resource_Links
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# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/uspgm001.fhx
#   Data_Download_Description: Data - Fire History Exchange File (FHX); Peggy Mesa Fire Scar Data 
# 
# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/uspgm001-noaa.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: Metadata - NOAA Template File; Peggy Mesa Fire Scar Metadata
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# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2022-01-26
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2022-01-26
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# Title
#   Study_Name: Guiterman fire data from Peggy Mesa - IMPD USPGM001
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# Investigators
#   Investigators: Guiterman, Christopher H. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-9332); Margolis, Ellis Q. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0595-9005)
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: 
# This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.
# 
# Sample Storage Location: Laboratory of Tree-Ring, University of Arizona
# Dating Method: Dated
# Related ITRDB_Chronology: Not Applicable
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# Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
#   https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/uspgm001.fhx
# along with associated metadata at:
#   https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/uspgm001-noaa.txt
# 
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# Funding_Agency 
#   Funding_Agency_Name:
#   Grant:
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# Publication 
#   Authors: Guiterman, Christopher H; Margolis, Ellis Q; Swetnam, Thomas W
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2015
#   Published_Title: Dendroecological methods for reconstructing high-severity fire in pine-oak forests
#   Journal_Name: Tree-Ring Research
#   Volume: 71
#   Edition: 
#   Issue: 2
#   Pages: 67-77
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-71.2.67
#   Publication_Place: 
#   Publisher: 
#   ISBN: 
#   Online_Resource: 
#   Other_Reference_Details: 
#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: 
# Recent high-severity fires in pine-oak forests of the southwestern United States are creating shrubfields that may persist for decades to centuries. Shrubfields embedded in conifer forests that pre-date documentary records are potential evidence of older high-severity fire patches, and may therefore provide insights into the occurrence and extent of past high-severity fires and vegetation type conversion dynamics. In this paper we test whether dendroecological evidence can be used to reconstruct a high-severity, type-changing fire of known date in a ponderosa pine-dominated (Pinus ponderosa var scopulorum Engelm.) forest. Dendroecological evidence included (1) Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii, Nutt.) regeneration dates, (2) fire scars, (3) death dates, and (4) tree-ring growth changes. We reconstructed the historical fire regime and fire-climate relationship to evaluate whether the recent high-severity fire was driven by climate or fuel build-up related to a fire regime disruption. The dendroecological evidence correctly dated the year (1993) and season (spring) of the documented fire, and synchronous oak re-sprouts provided a means to estimate the minimum high-severity patch size. The historical fire regime at the site (1625–1871) consisted of frequent, low-severity fires occurring in dry years preceded by wet years. Fires stopped in 1871, coincident with increased regional livestock grazing. The 1993 fire occurred under relatively cool and wet conditions, but followed a 122-year fire-free interval (four times the maximum historical interval). Multiple lines of evidence suggest that increased fuel loads from fire exclusion, combined with high winds, were primary drivers of the high-severity fire. The dendroecological approach we outline can be applied to reconstruct high-severity fire across a range of conifer-shrubland ecosystems.
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# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Peggy Mesa - IMPD USPGM001
#   Location: North America>United States Of America>New Mexico
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 35.72287
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 35.72287
#   Easternmost_Longitude: -106.795
#   Westernmost_Longitude: -106.795
#   Elevation_m: 2287
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: USPGM001
#   First_Year: 1555
#   Last_Year: 2013
#   Time_Unit: CE
#   Core_Length_m: 
#   Parameter_Keywords: fire scar dates
#   Notes: 
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# Species 
#   Species_Name: Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson
#   Common_Name: ponderosa pine
#   Common_Name: western yellow pine
#   Tree_Species_Code: PIPO
#   Tree_Species_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/tree-species-code.csv
#   Tree_Species_Download_Description: List of accepted tree species names and codes.
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# Species 
#   Species_Name: Quercus gambelii Nutt.
#   Common_Name: Gambel oak
#   Tree_Species_Code: QUGA
#   Tree_Species_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/tree-species-code.csv
#   Tree_Species_Download_Description: List of accepted tree species names and codes.
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# Chronology Information: 
# Chronology:
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# Variables
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# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
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#   Short_name	what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information
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## age_ce	age,,,year Common Era,,FIRE HISTORY;TREE RING,,,N,
## tree_events	tree demographic and injury and fire event code,wood,,,,FIRE HISTORY;TREE RING,,,C,FHX2 data format; refer to IMPD documentation for description of codes
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# Data:
# To access data, use Data_Download_Resource links above.