# Guiterman fire data from Duck Lake - IMPD USDKL001
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. 
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36174
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
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# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-fire-36174.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
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# Data_Type: Fire History
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# Dataset_DOI:
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# Science_Keywords: 
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# Resource_Links
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# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usdkl001.fhx
#   Data_Download_Description: Data - Fire History Exchange File (FHX); Duck Lake Fire Scar Data 
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# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usdkl001-noaa.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: Metadata - NOAA Template File; Duck Lake Fire Scar Metadata
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# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2022-01-26
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2022-01-26
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# Title
#   Study_Name: Guiterman fire data from Duck Lake - IMPD USDKL001
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# Investigators
#   Investigators: Guiterman, Christopher H. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-9332); Brewer, Patrick; Billy, Royale
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: 
# This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.
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# Sample Storage Location: Laboratory of Tree-Ring, University of Arizona
# Dating Method: Dated
# Related ITRDB_Chronology: Not Applicable
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# Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
#   https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usdkl001.fhx
# along with associated metadata at:
#   https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usdkl001-noaa.txt
# 
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# Funding_Agency 
#   Funding_Agency_Name:
#   Grant:
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# Publication 
#   Authors: Guiterman, Christopher H; Margolis, Ellis Q; Baisan, Christopher H; Falk, Donald A; Allen, Craig D; Swetnam, Thomas W
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2019
#   Published_Title: Spatiotemporal variability of human-fire interactions on the Navajo Nation
#   Journal_Name: Ecosphere
#   Volume: 10
#   Edition: 
#   Issue: 11
#   Pages: e02932
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2932
#   Publication_Place: 
#   Publisher: 
#   ISBN: 
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#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: 
# Unraveling the effects of climate and land use on historical fire regimes provides important insights into broader human–fire–climate dynamics, which are necessary for ecologically based forest management. We developed a spatial human land-use model for Navajo Nation forests across which we sampled a network of tree-ring fire history sites to reflect contrasting historical land-use intensity: high human use, primarily in the Chuska Mountains, and low human use, primarily on the central Defiance Plateau. We tested for and compared human- and climate-driven changes in the fire regimes by applying change point detection, regression, and superposed epoch analyses. The historical fire regimes and fire–climate relationships reflect those of similar forests regionally and are similar between the two Navajo landscapes until the early 1800s. We then determined that a previously identified, localized, early (1830s) decline in fire activity was geographically widespread across higher human-use sites. In contrast, fires continued to burn uninterrupted through this period at the lower use sites. Though the 1830s included significantly wet and cold periods that could have contributed to fire regime decline, human factors pose a more spatiotemporally consistent explanation. A rise in Navajo pastoralism in the 1820s–1830s was concentrated seasonally in the heavy use sites. By the 1880s, livestock numbers more than doubled, grazing became far more spatially widespread, and frequent fire regimes of Navajo forests collapsed. The last widespread fire recorded on either landscape was in 1886. In the Chuska Mountains, livestock and fire coexisted for over 50 yr between the initial 1832 fire decline and the end of frequent fires after 1886, an exceptional pattern in the western United States. Though unique in its timing, character, and spatial dynamics, the collapse of historical fire regimes in Navajo forests contributed to now over a century without frequent surface fire, leaving Navajo forests at risk for large, uncharacteristic high-severity fires.
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# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Duck Lake - IMPD USDKL001
#   Location: North America>United States Of America>New Mexico
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 36.12386
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 36.12386
#   Easternmost_Longitude: -108.906
#   Westernmost_Longitude: -108.906
#   Elevation_m: 2734
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: USDKL001
#   First_Year: 1336
#   Last_Year: 1985
#   Time_Unit: CE
#   Core_Length_m: 
#   Parameter_Keywords: fire scar dates
#   Notes: 
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# Species 
#   Species_Name: Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson
#   Common_Name: ponderosa pine
#   Common_Name: western yellow pine
#   Tree_Species_Code: PIPO
#   Tree_Species_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/tree-species-code.csv
#   Tree_Species_Download_Description: List of accepted tree species names and codes.
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# Chronology Information: 
# Chronology:
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# Variables
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# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
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#   Short_name	what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information
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## age_ce	age,,,year Common Era,,FIRE HISTORY;TREE RING,,,N,
## tree_events	tree demographic and injury and fire event code,wood,,,,FIRE HISTORY;TREE RING,,,C,FHX2 data format; refer to IMPD documentation for description of codes
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# Data:
# To access data, use Data_Download_Resource links above.