# Huffman fire data from Black Mesa - IMPD USBM-100
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. 
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34921
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-fire-34921.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
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# Data_Type: Fire History
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# Dataset_DOI:
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# Science_Keywords: 
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# Resource_Links
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# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usbm-100.fhx
#   Data_Download_Description: Data - Fire History Exchange File (FHX); Black Mesa Fire Scar Data 
# 
# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usbm-100-noaa.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: Metadata - NOAA Template File; Black Mesa Fire Scar Metadata
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# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2021-09-01
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2021-09-01
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# Title
#   Study_Name: Huffman fire data from Black Mesa - IMPD USBM-100
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# Investigators
#   Investigators: Huffman,D.W.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: 
# This dataset was contributed as part of the North American Tree-ring Fire Scar Synthesis (NAFSS) project (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34853). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators.
# 
# Sample Storage Location: Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University
# Dating Method: Dated
# Related ITRDB_Chronology: Not Applicable
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# Fire scar data from this site are available in FHX2 format at:
#   https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usbm-100.fhx
# along with associated metadata at:
#   https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/firescar/northamerica/usbm-100-noaa.txt
# 
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# Funding_Agency 
#   Funding_Agency_Name:
#   Grant:
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# Publication 
#   Authors: Huffman, David W and Zegler, Thomas J and Fulé, Peter Z
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2015
#   Published_Title: Fire history of a mixed conifer forest on the Mogollon Rim, northern Arizona, USA
#   Journal_Name: International Journal of Wildland Fire
#   Volume: 24
#   Edition: 
#   Issue: 5.0
#   Pages: 680--689
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 10.1071/WF14005
#   Publication_Place: 
#   Publisher: 
#   ISBN: 
#   Online_Resource: 
#   Other_Reference_Details: 
#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: 
# It has been suggested that large, high-severity fires historically structured warm-dry mixed conifer forests in the American South-west. To test this, we reconstructed fire regime characteristics of an 1135-ha (11.3 km2) mixed conifer landscape in northern Arizona using complementary approaches. We analysed composite fire intervals, point fire intervals, natural fire rotation, landscape characteristics and forest age structure. Composite analysis of cross-dated fire scars from 133 trees indicated a mean fire interval (MFI) of 2.0-8.5 years between 1670 and 1879. Frequent fires halted abruptly after 1879. Mean point fire interval (MPFI) was 11.8 years and ranged 2-61 years. Mean fire rotation was 14.4 years. Density of most occurring tree species increased dramatically after fire regime disruption, with south-western white pine (Pinus strobiformis) and white fir (Abies concolor) showing large numerical gains. Tree establishment patterns compared with widespread fire dates did not suggest historical high-severity fires at the site level. Although strong evidence of high-severity fire at finer scales was lacking, spatial locations of 'young' plots suggested the possibility of historical high-severity disturbances ≤25 ha in size. The historical fire regime on this landscape was one of high-frequency, low-severity fires. Current conditions call for restoration of forest structure and function.
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# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Black Mesa - IMPD USBM-100
#   Location: North America>United States Of America>Arizona
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 34.37777
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 34.37777
#   Easternmost_Longitude: -111.003091
#   Westernmost_Longitude: -111.003091
#   Elevation_m: 2381
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: USBM-100
#   First_Year: 1500
#   Last_Year: 2010
#   Time_Unit: CE
#   Core_Length_m: 
#   Parameter_Keywords: fire scar dates
#   Notes: 
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# Species 
#   Species_Name: Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson
#   Common_Name: ponderosa pine
#   Common_Name: western yellow pine
#   Tree_Species_Code: PIPO
#   Tree_Species_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/tree-species-code.csv
#   Tree_Species_Download_Description: List of accepted tree species names and codes.
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# Species 
#   Species_Name: Pinus strobiformis Engelm.
#   Common_Name: southwestern white pine
#   Tree_Species_Code: PISF
#   Tree_Species_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/tree-species-code.csv
#   Tree_Species_Download_Description: List of accepted tree species names and codes.
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# Species 
#   Species_Name: Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco
#   Common_Name: Douglas-fir
#   Tree_Species_Code: PSME
#   Tree_Species_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/tree-species-code.csv
#   Tree_Species_Download_Description: List of accepted tree species names and codes.
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# Chronology Information: 
# Chronology:
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# Variables
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# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
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#   Short_name	what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information
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## age_ce	age,,,year Common Era,,FIRE HISTORY;TREE RING,,,N,
## tree_events	tree demographic and injury and fire event code,wood,,,,FIRE HISTORY;TREE RING,,,C,FHX2 data format; refer to IMPD documentation for description of codes
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# Data:
# To access data, use Data_Download_Resource links above.