# Calder fire data from Gem Lake, Colorado - IMPD USGEM001 #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19360 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/usgem001.txt # # Archive: Fire History # # Parameter_Keywords: charcoal sediment #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-09-16 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Calder fire data from Gem Lake, Colorado - IMPD USGEM001 #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Calder, John, W.; Stopka, Cody; Parker, Dusty; Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo; Shuman, Bryan, N. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: # Chronolgy and macroscopic charcoal counts (number of pieces >125 microns) from Gem Lake in the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area, Colorado # Provided Keywords: fire climate, warming # Calder et al. includes datasets for twelve sites, including the one documented here. A list of all dataset site names and URLs follow: # Lake Eileen http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/uselk001.txt # Gem Lake http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/usgem001.txt # Gold Creek Lake http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/usgcr001.txt # Hidden Lake near Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/usphd001.txt # Hinman Lake http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/usphn001.txt # Middle Rainbow Lake http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/usprb001.txt # Round Lake near Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/usprd001.txt # Seven Lakes http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/uspsv001.txt # Summit Lake near Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/ussbw001.txt # Teal Lake http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/usptl001.txt # Tiago Lake http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/ustig001.txt # Whale Lake http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/northamerica/uspwl001.txt # # Contact person: Calder, John # Sample storage location: University of Wyoming # Sampling date: 8/9/2012 # Site size(ha): 2.8 # State/Province: Colorado # Water depth(cm): 650 # Sampling device: Modified Livingston with a polycarbonate tube # Analysis method: Macroscopic charcoal counts - see Calder et al. 2015 for details #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Calder, W. John; Stopka, Cody; Parker, Dusty; Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo; Shuman, Bryan # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Published_Title: Medieval Warming initiated exceptionally large wildfire outbreaks in the Rock Mountains # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Volume: # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500796112 # Abstract: Many of the largest wildfires in US history burned in recent decades, and climate change explains much of the increase in area burned. The frequency of extreme wildfire weather will increase with continued warming, but many uncertainties still exist about future fire regimes, including how the risk of large fires will persist as vegetation changes. Past fire-climate relationships provide an opportunity to constrain the related uncertainties, and reveal widespread burning across large regions of western North America during past warm intervals. Whether such episodes also burned large portions of individual landscapes has been difficult to determine, however, because uncertainties with the ages of past fires and limited spatial resolution often prohibit specific estimates of past area burned. Accounting for these challenges in a subalpine landscape in Colorado, we estimated century-scale fire synchroneity across 12 lakesediment charcoal records spanning the past 2,000 y. The percentage of sites burned only deviated from the historic range of variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) between 1,200 and 850 y B.P., when temperatures were similar to recent decades. Between 1,130 and 1,030 y B.P., 83% (median estimate) of our sites burned when temperatures increased ~0.5 degrees C relative to the preceding centuries. Lake-based fire rotation during the MCA decreased to an estimated 120 y, representing a 260% higher rate of burning than during the period of dendroecological sampling (360 to -60 y B.P.). Increased burning, however, did not persist throughout the MCA. Burning declined abruptly before temperatures cooled, indicating possible fuel limitations to continued burning. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: BCS-0845129 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Gem Lake # Location: Colorado # Country: United States of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 40.881 # Southernmost_Latitude: 40.881 # Easternmost_Longitude: -106.734 # Westernmost_Longitude: -106.734 # Elevation: 3101 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: USGEM001 CHAR # First_Year: 1544 # Last_Year: -62 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology: # Age model generated with the R package Bchron # Depth (cm) Lab Number Material Age (14C BP ) # 4.5 Sediment surface # 31-31.5 WHOI-120974 Bulk sediment (14C) 595+/-25 # 54.5-55 WHOI-120975 Bulk sediment (14C) 785+/-25 # 74.5-75 WHOI-120976 Bulk sediment (14C) 1170+/-20 # 100-100.5 WHOI-120977 Bulk sediment (14C) 1640+/-20 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth-cm-top depth,,,cm,,,top depth,,N ## depth-cm-bottom depth,,,cm,,,bottom depth,,N ## age-calBP-top age,,,calendar years BP,,Fire History,top of sample,,N ## age-calBP-bottom age,,,calendar years BP,,Fire History,top of sample,,N ## vol-wetsed volume,wet sediment,,ml,,Fire History,used for charcoal counts,,N ## char>125um charcoal,,,counts,,Fire History,>125um,,N #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: n/a depth-cm-top depth-cm-bottom age-calBP-top age-calBP-bottom vol-wetsed char>125um 4.5 5 -62 -49 1 1 5 5.5 -49 -37 1 0 5.5 6 -37 -25 1 6 6 6.5 -25 -13 1 3 6.5 7 -13 -1 1 1 7 7.5 -1 12 1 1 7.5 8 12 24 1 1 8 8.5 24 36 1 7 8.5 9 36 48 1 2 9 9.5 48 60 1 1 9.5 10 60 72 1 1 10 10.5 72 84 1 0 10.5 11 84 96 1 4 11 11.5 96 108 1 2 11.5 12 108 120 1 0 12 12.5 120 132 1 0 12.5 13 132 144 1 1 13 13.5 144 155 1 1 13.5 14 155 167 1 1 14 14.5 167 179 1 8 14.5 15 179 191 2 5 15 15.5 191 203 1 3 15.5 16 203 215 2 4 16 16.5 215 227 2 2 16.5 17 227 238 2 5 17 17.5 238 250 2 4 17.5 18 250 262 2 6 18 18.5 262 273 4 12 18.5 19 273 285 4 8 19 19.5 285 296 4 9 19.5 20 296 308 4 14 20 20.5 308 319 4 12 20.5 21 319 332 4 18 21 21.5 332 343 4 20 21.5 22 343 354 4 25 22 22.5 354 366 4 17 22.5 23 366 378 4 15 23 23.5 378 389.5 4 13 23.5 24 389.5 400 4 14 24 24.5 400 411.5 4 15 24.5 25 411.5 423.5 4 17 25 25.5 423.5 436 4 20 25.5 26 436 448 4 13 26 26.5 448 460 4 14 26.5 27 460 472 4 26 27 27.5 472 483 4 14 27.5 28 483 496 4 16 28 28.5 496 508 4 14 28.5 29 508 519 4 21 29 29.5 519 531 4 15 29.5 30 531 542.5 4 10 30 30.5 542.5 553 4 6 30.5 31 553 568 4 7 31 31.5 568 583 4 8 31.5 32 583 589 4 9 32 32.5 589 593 4 8 32.5 33 593 596 4 7 33 33.5 596 599 4 9 33.5 34 599 602 4 7 34 34.5 602 605 4 3 34.5 35 605 607.5 4 1 35 35.5 607.5 610.5 4 2 35.5 36 610.5 613 4 2 36 36.5 613 615 4 2 36.5 37 615 618 4 1 37 37.5 618 620 4 2 37.5 38 620 622 4 1 38 38.5 622 624 4 1 38.5 39 624 627 4 3 39 39.5 627 629 4 3 39.5 40 629 632 4 5 40 40.5 632 634 4 4 40.5 41 634 636 4 2 41 41.5 636 639 4 1 41.5 42 639 641 4 3 42 42.5 641 643 4 0 42.5 43 643 645 4 4 43 43.5 645 648 4 6 43.5 44 648 651 4 5 44 44.5 651 654 4 4 44.5 45 654 656 4 4 45 45.5 656 659 4 5 45.5 46 659 662 4 13 46 46.5 662 664 4 14 46.5 47 664 666 4 40 47 47.5 666 669 4 56 47.5 48 669 671 4 23 48 48.5 671 674 4 19 48.5 49 674 676 4 21 49 49.5 676 678 4 10 49.5 50 678 681 4 14 50 50.5 681 683 4 7 50.5 51 683 686 4 14 51 51.5 686 688 4 16 51.5 52 688 690 4 12 52 52.5 690 693 4 19 52.5 53 693 696 4 12 53 53.5 696 699 4 13 53.5 54 699 703 4 12 54 54.5 703 710 4 13 54.5 55 710 722 4 5 55 55.5 722 731 4 17 55.5 56 731 741 4 12 56 56.5 741 750 4 5 56.5 57 750 760 4 6 57 57.5 760 769 4 2 57.5 58 769 779 4 4 58 58.5 779 788 4 8 58.5 59 788 798 4 24 59 59.5 798 808 4 17 59.5 60 808 818 4 4 60 60.5 818 827 4 9 60.5 61 827 837 4 8 61 61.5 837 846 4 16 61.5 62 846 856 4 10 62 62.5 856 865 4 11 62.5 63 865 875 4 81 63 63.5 875 884 4 34 63.5 64 884 893 4 17 64 64.5 893 902 4 6 64.5 65 902 912 4 1 65 65.5 912 921 4 1 65.5 66 921 931 4 7 66 66.5 931 940 4 5 66.5 67 940 950 4 4 67 67.5 950 959 4 4 67.5 68 959 970 4 3 68 68.5 970 979 4 2 68.5 69 979 989 4 0 69 69.5 989 999 4 1 69.5 70 999 1008 4 5 70 70.5 1008 1016.5 4 7 70.5 71 1016.5 1025 4 16 71 71.5 1025 1034.5 4 56 71.5 72 1034.5 1043.5 4 40 72 72.5 1043.5 1053 4 14 72.5 73 1053 1062 4 6 73 73.5 1062 1072 4 11 73.5 74 1072 1085 4 11 74 74.5 1085 1104 4 13 74.5 75 1104 1120 4 34 75 75.5 1120 1131 4 22 75.5 76 1131 1140 4 10 76 76.5 1140 1149 4 2 76.5 77 1149 1158 4 12 77 77.5 1158 1167 4 8 77.5 78 1167 1175.5 4 9 78 78.5 1175.5 1183.5 4 14 78.5 79 1183.5 1191 4 6 79 79.5 1191 1199 4 20 79.5 80 1199 1207 4 16 80 80.5 1207 1215 4 15 80.5 81 1215 1223 4 3 81 81.5 1223 1231 4 6 81.5 82 1231 1239 4 8 82 82.5 1239 1247 4 3 82.5 83 1247 1255 4 5 83 83.5 1255 1263 4 1 83.5 84 1263 1271 4 4 84 84.5 1271 1279 4 6 84.5 85 1279 1287 4 12 85 85.5 1287 1296 4 6 85.5 86 1296 1304 4 7 86 86.5 1304 1312 4 10 86.5 87 1312 1320 4 7 87 87.5 1320 1329 4 5 87.5 88 1329 1337.5 4 5 88 88.5 1337.5 1346 4 12 88.5 89 1346 1355 4 11 89 89.5 1355 1362.5 4 18 89.5 90 1362.5 1371 4 9 90 90.5 1371 1379.5 4 5 90.5 91 1379.5 1388.5 4 1 91 91.5 1388.5 1397 4 3 91.5 92 1397 1406 4 15 92 92.5 1406 1415 4 7 92.5 93 1415 1423 4 10 93 93.5 1423 1431.5 4 13 93.5 94 1431.5 1440 4 17 94 94.5 1440 1449 4 8 94.5 95 1449 1457 4 10 95 95.5 1457 1466 4 5 95.5 96 1466 1474 4 7 96 96.5 1474 1483 4 4 96.5 97 1483 1491 4 12 97 97.5 1491 1500 4 19 97.5 98 1500 1508 4 10 98 98.5 1508 1517 4 9 98.5 99 1517 1525 4 18 99 99.5 1525 1533 4 22 99.5 100 1533 1544 4 25