# Pandora Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Porites spp. trace metals 1995-1998 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/39020 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-39020.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/great_barrier/fallon2000/fallon2000-pan1-98b-metals.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Pandora 1-98b trace metals Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2024-02-12 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2024-02-12 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Pandora Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Porites spp. trace metals 1995-1998 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Fallon, S.J. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8064-5903) #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Contributed as part of the Great Barrier Reef Coral Skeletal Records Database (GBRCD). # Provided Keywords: Great Barrier Reef, Coral Geochemistry, Sea Surface Temperature, LA-ICP-MS #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Fallon, S.J. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000 # Published_Title: Environmental Records from Corals and Coralline Sponges # Journal_Name: Thesis # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.25911/5d778a502c764 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Fallon, S.J. 2000. Environmental Records from Corals and Coralline Sponges. PhD Thesis, Australian National University, DOI: 10.25911/5d778a502c764. # Abstract: This research centers on the extraction of environmental information stored in the calcium carbonate skeletons of corals (Porites) and coralline sponges (Astrosclera willeyana). Elemental variations are measured in these samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. During this project, techniques were refined and developed to quantitatively measure major (B, Mg, Sr, Ba, U) and minor (Mn, Zn, Pb, REE’s) elemental abundances in corals and coralline sponges. This method was used to extract seasonal records from a high latitude coral living at its limits of cold-water tolerance in Japan. Seasonal cycles of major elements (B, Mg, Sr, U) were calibrated against in situ instrumental temperature monitors. Calibrations were in good agreement with other published reports. This coral also recorded wind-induced upwelling (both annual and El Nin~o related) by increases in the Ba/Ca ratio. The trace element annual patterns and slow growth rate also indicated that this coral had very slow/no extension during the cold winter months when water temperature was below 18 oC. Cores from Porites sp. coral colonies were also collected from inshore, mid-shelf and outer reef localities (central Great Barrier Reef) to test the robustness of the major elemental SST and runoff proxies (B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, U/Ca). The inshore reefs selected for this study are heavily influenced by river runoff whereas the mid-reef and outer-reef locations are not. It is shown that Ba/Ca provides an excellent proxy for river runoff. Time series analyses of Sr/Ca, U/Ca, B/Ca and Mg/Ca are compared to in situ sea surface temperature (SST) and/or IGOSS NMC weekly satellite SST to provide calibrations for these elements. Previous workers have noted differences in the calibration of Sr/Ca vs. SST; this LA-ICP-MS dataset shows a slight variation between different corals. This suggests small-scale intra- coral variability. Both the U/Ca and Mg/Ca have calibrations within error for mid-shelf and outer reef corals but the calibrations differ for the inshore corals. Sr/Ca and B/Ca appear to be the most robust of the elemental temperature proxies in terms of recording water temperature. Measurements of coral manganese suggest a seasonal cycle closely linked to solar radiation and wind. Increased solar radiation may increase the dissolved seawater Mn that result in corals having elevated concentrations of Mn during the summer. The use of corals as recorders of marine pollution was examined on the island of Misima in Papua New Guinea where open-cut gold mining commenced in 1989. This mining caused increased sedimentation affecting the nearby fringing coral reef to varying degrees, causing coral mortality (complete suffocation) in some areas. This sediment is made up of completely weathered quartz feldspar, greenstone and schist. These rocks have distinct chemical constituents (rare earth elements [REE], zinc and lead etc.), which are entering the near-shore environment in considerably higher than normal concentrations. Eight coral colonies (2 from high sedimentation, 2 transitional, 2 minor and 2 unaffected control sites) were analyzed for Mn, Y, La, Ce, Zn and Pb. All sites show low steady “background” levels prior to the commencement of mining. After mine construction began in 1988, all sites aside from the control show dramatic increases of Mn, Y, La, and Ce associated with the increased sedimentation. Zn and Pb increase after 1989 when ore processing began. The concentration of these elements in these corals decreases as the distance from the mine increases. Rare earth elements (REE) measured in two corals suggest a pattern different from “normal” seawater. When the coral REE pattern is compared to seawater an enrichment of the light and middle REE’s appear. The heavy REE’s are depleted relative to the seawater pattern. This suggests the nearshore seawater REE’s are influenced by island weathering. Coralline sponges have been proposed as a new source of tropical paleoclimatic information. Profiles of d13C in coralline sponges have documented (better and more accurately than corals) the atmospheric increase of Due to their very slow growth rates ~0.2 mm yr-1 sponges are better suited to recording and providing long-term environmental information rather than annual information. These sponges appear to smooth the record stored in their skeleton by adding secondary aragonite near the base of the living tissue layer. This smoothing limits their use as annual environmental recorders but still enables their use for decadal or longer environmental fluctuations. Smoothed records of Sr/Ca from five sponges around the Southwest Pacific C associated with increased fossil fuel consumption. suggest that these sponges are able to capture 5 yr. and longer seawater temperature anomalies over the past 50-200 years. The temperature sensitivity of Sr/Ca in sponges is 7 to 12 times larger than corals with ~0.7-0.9 mmol/mol DSr/Ca per oC for sponges compared to ~0.07 mmol/mol DSr/Ca per oC for corals. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Pandora Reef # Location: Great Barrier Reef, Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -18.8 # Southernmost_Latitude: -18.8 # Easternmost_Longitude: 146.4 # Westernmost_Longitude: 146.4 # Elevation_m: -2 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Pandora 1-98b trace metals Fallon2000 # First_Year: 1995 # Last_Year: 1998 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals # Notes: Porites sp. #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Distance depth,Porites sp.,,millimeter,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N,Distance from top of coral ## Time age,Porites sp.,,year Common Era,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## B/Ca Boron/Calcium,Porites sp.,,mole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry ## Mg/Ca Magnesium/Calcium,Porites sp.,,mole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry ## Sr/Ca Strontium/Calcium,Porites sp.,,mole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry ## Ba/Ca Barium/Calcium,Porites sp.,,mole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry ## U/Ca Uranium/Calcium,Porites sp.,,mole per mole,,corals and sclerosponges,,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,laser ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA Distance Time B/Ca Mg/Ca Sr/Ca Ba/Ca U/Ca 0.000000000000 1998.350192 0.000449449596 0.002698670673 0.008991261441 0.000004626029 0.000001676915 0.264877586207 1998.327000 0.000408131372 0.003136397209 0.008754595466 0.000004526444 0.000001463577 0.529755172414 1998.294889 0.000410806114 0.003378416692 0.008657354526 0.000004439226 0.000001363418 0.794632758621 1998.262778 0.000406640954 0.003413713451 0.008748916887 0.000004745997 0.000001322106 1.059510344828 1998.230667 0.000412163211 0.003290112042 0.008726186404 0.000004747968 0.000001268264 1.324387931034 1998.198555 0.000423177088 0.003502627052 0.008763662320 0.000005192978 0.000001216815 1.589265517241 1998.166445 0.000412133032 0.003820984979 0.008892857808 0.000005699842 0.000001257033 1.854143103448 1998.134334 0.000388758472 0.003619999425 0.008688686664 0.000006009452 0.000001161344 2.119020689655 1998.102222 0.000376328230 0.003510089549 0.008948048513 0.000006326023 0.000001306799 2.383898275862 1998.070112 0.000361468820 0.003665940084 0.008971423665 0.000007498179 0.000001274306 2.648775862069 1998.066543 0.000344434461 0.003073604910 0.008946244347 0.000008230742 0.000001410626 2.913653448276 1998.062976 0.000346710321 0.003302997247 0.008829689346 0.000008299136 0.000001282843 3.178531034483 1998.059408 0.000374122202 0.003522152277 0.008604902853 0.000008279799 0.000001228012 3.443408620690 1998.055839 0.000415478400 0.002939018779 0.008874222557 0.000006340039 0.000001411970 3.708286206897 1998.052272 0.000431020328 0.003114585528 0.008961039179 0.000004811250 0.000001454461 3.973163793103 1998.048704 0.000441677758 0.003202919994 0.008934363021 0.000004230696 0.000001439316 4.238041379310 1998.045137 0.000435405642 0.003251590902 0.008823613557 0.000003863676 0.000001436099 4.502918965517 1998.041568 0.000444832559 0.004120206338 0.008742300106 0.000003797107 0.000001290680 4.767796551724 1998.038000 0.000427179738 0.004414156696 0.008813616947 0.000003753684 0.000001247309 5.032674137931 1998.034006 0.000416157511 0.003804799520 0.008862732354 0.000003823200 0.000001338474 5.297551724138 1998.030011 0.000422274404 0.003484759735 0.009126265191 0.000003708191 0.000001363336 5.562429310345 1998.026017 0.000419719781 0.003694180937 0.008920440290 0.000003779446 0.000001306220 5.827306896552 1998.022022 0.000430010806 0.003534047473 0.008908346149 0.000003682347 0.000001252873 6.092184482759 1998.018026 0.000424404877 0.003184221946 0.009003955182 0.000003757295 0.000001398276 6.357062068966 1998.014033 0.000443645811 0.003565852086 0.008956304222 0.000003856540 0.000001305219 6.621939655172 1998.010037 0.000434773970 0.003705523478 0.008763503889 0.000003862853 0.000001233051 6.886817241379 1998.006042 0.000412872898 0.003618217960 0.008743650328 0.000003938627 0.000001164525 7.151694827586 1998.002048 0.000432710672 0.003690930123 0.008904236370 0.000003935407 0.000001207653 7.416572413793 1997.998053 0.000406621767 0.003204381043 0.009050676858 0.000004033913 0.000001366592 7.681450000000 1997.994059 0.000396895562 0.003073594940 0.008955340662 0.000003881721 0.000001376444 7.946327586207 1997.990064 0.000413133408 0.003250500750 0.008897140414 0.000003846384 0.000001264087 8.211205172414 1997.986069 0.000451782392 0.003193193680 0.008956039819 0.000003864586 0.000001366862 8.476082758621 1997.982075 0.000465107204 0.003189363072 0.008966535688 0.000003926092 0.000001306434 8.740960344828 1997.978079 0.000453631334 0.003349290160 0.008943409521 0.000003921720 0.000001246931 9.005837931035 1997.974085 0.000461779892 0.003026219956 0.009020763228 0.000003849103 0.000001246079 9.270715517241 1997.970090 0.000464389907 0.002948685392 0.009105498759 0.000003858865 0.000001265143 9.535593103448 1997.966095 0.000480849850 0.003013089867 0.009047827420 0.000003863139 0.000001267896 9.800470689655 1997.962101 0.000476540091 0.002834277362 0.009168935691 0.000003955655 0.000001302104 10.065348275862 1997.922154 0.000478304334 0.002723796831 0.009108056444 0.000003759713 0.000001320537 10.330225862069 1997.882207 0.000468241165 0.002555398307 0.009299792419 0.000004024863 0.000001388263 10.595103448276 1997.842260 0.000467917571 0.002479602166 0.009293353227 0.000003902461 0.000001391753 10.859981034483 1997.802313 0.000485441149 0.002541409876 0.009261968477 0.000003846862 0.000001429080 11.124858620690 1997.762366 0.000515331693 0.002632747776 0.009258316411 0.000003950390 0.000001461900 11.389736206897 1997.722419 0.000495893335 0.002511184080 0.009439747692 0.000003943491 0.000001499504 11.654613793104 1997.682472 0.000505411867 0.002485748650 0.009314496717 0.000003762338 0.000001484498 11.919491379310 1997.642525 0.000464549634 0.002141224176 0.009664916082 0.000003983562 0.000001691528 12.184368965517 1997.602578 0.000480226121 0.002281833804 0.009672616131 0.000004100363 0.000001703655 12.449246551724 1997.562631 0.000462732397 0.002360223059 0.009378045369 0.000004027653 0.000001579979 12.714124137931 1997.522682 0.000476556377 0.002599447131 0.009373017767 0.000004186234 0.000001581921 12.979001724138 1997.482735 0.000488146592 0.002505719939 0.009421542564 0.000004243332 0.000001570562 13.243879310345 1997.442788 0.000475490592 0.002468893140 0.009413208420 0.000004162457 0.000001615552 13.508756896552 1997.402841 0.000477969931 0.002465161909 0.009471250193 0.000004292052 0.000001585736 13.773634482759 1997.362894 0.000464908559 0.002451878430 0.009267505394 0.000004070154 0.000001591164 14.038512068966 1997.322947 0.000465314115 0.002584077363 0.009219270911 0.000004192921 0.000001533096 14.303389655172 1997.283000 0.000451559679 0.002968316321 0.009076259107 0.000004105327 0.000001347921 14.568267241379 1997.266353 0.000447502896 0.002929865914 0.009265496167 0.000004600701 0.000001441386 14.833144827586 1997.249706 0.000458584478 0.003160993014 0.009108139666 0.000005189085 0.000001420304 15.098022413793 1997.233059 0.000450938024 0.003405821766 0.008928720179 0.000006221343 0.000001287597 15.362900000000 1997.216412 0.000424498482 0.002952959906 0.009011797686 0.000007557468 0.000001348087 15.627777586207 1997.199765 0.000431752700 0.003104807911 0.009007170210 0.000007694142 0.000001369349 15.892655172414 1997.183118 0.000420689999 0.002821160419 0.009051599723 0.000007166377 0.000001462119 16.157532758621 1997.166471 0.000400860309 0.002783603804 0.009185172454 0.000007395075 0.000001432041 16.422410344828 1997.149824 0.000405358580 0.003535762986 0.008879977597 0.000007469950 0.000001231142 16.687287931035 1997.133176 0.000412067479 0.003424459826 0.008921417208 0.000007582507 0.000001209911 16.952165517241 1997.116529 0.000399801380 0.003493038874 0.008808827323 0.000007197304 0.000001205322 17.217043103448 1997.099882 0.000369965428 0.003525767382 0.008889451618 0.000006488869 0.000001175041 17.481920689655 1997.083235 0.000358048448 0.003416329719 0.009009038651 0.000005051163 0.000001251829 17.746798275862 1997.066588 0.000378452533 0.003600808745 0.008795488220 0.000004819707 0.000001173503 18.011675862069 1997.049941 0.000388771596 0.003758627322 0.008761873672 0.000004423303 0.000001155745 18.276553448276 1997.033294 0.000401195002 0.003461133956 0.009000751687 0.000004423998 0.000001247584 18.541431034483 1997.016647 0.000404616606 0.003478369590 0.008873033821 0.000004179614 0.000001219701 18.806308620690 1997.000000 0.000415363373 0.003494312635 0.008948581092 0.000003803757 0.000001223075 19.071186206897 1996.989220 0.000405724312 0.003694990255 0.008815134316 0.000003749689 0.000001175782 19.336063793104 1996.978439 0.000405664582 0.003631692966 0.009054925628 0.000003777567 0.000001247005 19.600941379310 1996.967659 0.000416583266 0.003966867392 0.008810826621 0.000003702238 0.000001128741 19.865818965517 1996.956878 0.000414080052 0.004042848842 0.008864970986 0.000003719975 0.000001075435 20.130696551724 1996.946098 0.000413649590 0.003972652743 0.008873853688 0.000003731378 0.000001235193 20.395574137931 1996.935317 0.000404568793 0.003975298140 0.008878269933 0.000003647009 0.000001196408 20.660451724138 1996.924537 0.000410533763 0.003964722603 0.008890207350 0.000003676076 0.000001251964 20.925329310345 1996.913756 0.000397562345 0.003802878266 0.008904357346 0.000003580528 0.000001257565 21.190206896552 1996.902975 0.000401736908 0.003412820195 0.009020124680 0.000003742489 0.000001342929 21.455084482759 1996.892195 0.000402011472 0.003761773465 0.009016189228 0.000003678638 0.000001254453 21.719962068966 1996.881414 0.000404547389 0.003735879729 0.008914380729 0.000003718237 0.000001212366 21.984839655173 1996.870634 0.000413764147 0.003439536102 0.009031801111 0.000003665568 0.000001286354 22.249717241379 1996.859854 0.000439414275 0.003760550698 0.008917683445 0.000003708395 0.000001231263 22.514594827586 1996.849073 0.000427767377 0.003658317544 0.008881339709 0.000003548233 0.000001212617 22.779472413793 1996.838293 0.000450250553 0.003488180700 0.009071637842 0.000003717140 0.000001323348 23.044350000000 1996.827512 0.000435336714 0.003332094429 0.009119510527 0.000003606518 0.000001370403 23.309227586207 1996.816732 0.000412512252 0.003341241316 0.008956532949 0.000003697675 0.000001242811 23.574105172414 1996.805951 0.000412812330 0.003619321411 0.008719585420 0.000003546979 0.000001248106 23.838982758621 1996.795171 0.000428738414 0.003209744041 0.008960878974 0.000003769267 0.000001376123 24.103860344828 1996.784390 0.000426466232 0.003200559976 0.009029076903 0.000003726779 0.000001411175 24.368737931035 1996.773610 0.000419388605 0.003378057253 0.009199928697 0.000003846938 0.000001418282 24.633615517241 1996.762829 0.000444636457 0.003100032785 0.009134554173 0.000003828692 0.000001479417 24.898493103448 1996.752049 0.000424208262 0.002922260170 0.009119879428 0.000003756859 0.000001399467 25.163370689655 1996.741268 0.000424761307 0.003117632131 0.009118884887 0.000003688071 0.000001371880 25.428248275862 1996.730488 0.000420816375 0.002800307609 0.009097938858 0.000003689112 0.000001408464 25.693125862069 1996.719707 0.000426788495 0.002918298224 0.009086171001 0.000003686002 0.000001352647 25.958003448276 1996.708927 0.000440744006 0.003577359840 0.009019573686 0.000003639845 0.000001254083 26.222881034483 1996.698146 0.000427475177 0.003151336459 0.008869875128 0.000003655884 0.000001309275 26.487758620690 1996.687366 0.000439860051 0.003290358834 0.008933309381 0.000003669671 0.000001237074 26.752636206897 1996.676586 0.000461299237 0.002940469446 0.008992023279 0.000003628992 0.000001275796 27.017513793104 1996.665805 0.000465970749 0.002861638298 0.008976325500 0.000003713902 0.000001299440 27.282391379310 1996.655025 0.000450345074 0.002692865486 0.009078938600 0.000003696700 0.000001289030 27.547268965517 1996.644244 0.000455816491 0.002661566690 0.009199276670 0.000003726058 0.000001357574 27.812146551724 1996.633464 0.000472648326 0.002546834203 0.009215901186 0.000003774364 0.000001430476 28.077024137931 1996.622683 0.000450251089 0.002363901704 0.009262451268 0.000003812580 0.000001494246 28.341901724138 1996.611903 0.000478990997 0.002463151164 0.009259642268 0.000003707473 0.000001484764 28.606779310345 1996.601122 0.000462722507 0.002387977289 0.009266637185 0.000003518765 0.000001480868 28.871656896552 1996.590342 0.000477624768 0.002495213770 0.009165746678 0.000003311663 0.000001444297 29.136534482759 1996.579561 0.000471019029 0.002335345693 0.009224388761 0.000003128111 0.000001498420 29.401412068966 1996.568780 0.000448180087 0.002431042121 0.009138963397 0.000002862073 0.000001411939 29.666289655173 1996.558000 0.000450744451 0.002594803321 0.009104059027 0.000002759000 0.000001389077 29.931167241379 1996.543360 0.000450134501 0.002466295124 0.009206700563 0.000002829782 0.000001448634 30.196044827586 1996.528720 0.000455810804 0.002579611591 0.009156277941 0.000003469308 0.000001382034 30.460922413793 1996.514080 0.000452864779 0.002680411136 0.009055671176 0.000003572641 0.000001329000 30.725800000000 1996.499440 0.000454036646 0.002896430055 0.009057980023 0.000003668190 0.000001382186 30.990677586207 1996.484800 0.000478540867 0.003055340974 0.009144118806 0.000003869186 0.000001384532 31.255555172414 1996.470160 0.000454820439 0.002941684358 0.008995261684 0.000003795103 0.000001408933 31.520432758621 1996.455520 0.000440495475 0.003002603277 0.009066212977 0.000003940222 0.000001453977 31.785310344828 1996.440880 0.000456577179 0.002966036537 0.009079135019 0.000003973322 0.000001473431 32.050187931035 1996.426240 0.000438395149 0.002968854552 0.009255764564 0.000004214931 0.000001488353 32.315065517241 1996.411600 0.000436515232 0.003314294624 0.008900948593 0.000004174910 0.000001370231 32.579943103448 1996.396960 0.000425830399 0.003040359504 0.009139908716 0.000004129628 0.000001471766 32.844820689655 1996.382320 0.000450272311 0.003519585956 0.008970907041 0.000004195625 0.000001326449 33.109698275862 1996.367680 0.000420153395 0.003536207677 0.008777574531 0.000004017772 0.000001184037 33.374575862069 1996.353040 0.000415957681 0.003548179304 0.008814560106 0.000003996865 0.000001194080 33.639453448276 1996.338400 0.000429816802 0.003565219716 0.008912710293 0.000004104202 0.000001249816 33.904331034483 1996.323760 0.000432385477 0.003380906209 0.008842025377 0.000004110482 0.000001292172 34.169208620690 1996.309120 0.000431125167 0.003317567711 0.008981391841 0.000004066064 0.000001425358 34.434086206897 1996.294480 0.000442467162 0.003517050359 0.008832958603 0.000004271440 0.000001357025 34.698963793104 1996.279840 0.000451634140 0.003681605643 0.008892173989 0.000004498097 0.000001395249 34.963841379310 1996.265200 0.000446870575 0.003354715825 0.008788007634 0.000004348868 0.000001365074 35.228718965517 1996.250560 0.000442304182 0.003377485887 0.008977383720 0.000004468265 0.000001401027 35.493596551724 1996.235920 0.000439733119 0.003771107923 0.008816105699 0.000004836902 0.000001294437 35.758474137931 1996.221280 0.000435752675 0.003883936088 0.008676090549 0.000004925166 0.000001278964 36.023351724138 1996.206640 0.000418632754 0.003980424350 0.008564724409 0.000004961138 0.000001225716 36.288229310345 1996.192000 0.000388103906 0.003789424550 0.008694958130 0.000005206122 0.000001140758 36.553106896552 1996.185784 0.000387432460 0.003763993284 0.008681022143 0.000005205089 0.000001140483 36.817984482759 1996.179568 0.000387825183 0.003760665759 0.008738057620 0.000005184106 0.000001148145 37.082862068966 1996.173351 0.000388072434 0.003774604793 0.008738945353 0.000005169455 0.000001155410 37.347739655173 1996.167135 0.000391733627 0.003775994924 0.008805878707 0.000005180343 0.000001167986 37.612617241379 1996.160919 0.000393507153 0.003802682604 0.008801635135 0.000005144801 0.000001168423 37.877494827586 1996.154703 0.000387276057 0.003802884444 0.008839262213 0.000005110026 0.000001172220 38.142372413793 1996.148486 0.000385713607 0.003795932130 0.008767117659 0.000005035007 0.000001151877 38.407250000000 1996.142270 0.000387360820 0.003786967530 0.008770885584 0.000004993347 0.000001149525 38.672127586207 1996.136054 0.000389271407 0.003782352233 0.008792700483 0.000004998906 0.000001162803 38.937005172414 1996.129838 0.000386622336 0.003742250349 0.008783591116 0.000005006359 0.000001167954 39.201882758621 1996.123622 0.000387390361 0.003690552781 0.008756232746 0.000005014463 0.000001184228 39.466760344828 1996.117405 0.000388155622 0.003606752938 0.008724573599 0.000005039939 0.000001192420 39.731637931035 1996.111189 0.000384160361 0.003531857359 0.008700059440 0.000005033763 0.000001207318 39.996515517241 1996.104973 0.000383451858 0.003438574452 0.008719068718 0.000005018457 0.000001230571 40.261393103448 1996.098757 0.000387189892 0.003370423295 0.008699390066 0.000005013028 0.000001238361 40.526270689655 1996.092540 0.000385602664 0.003327606660 0.008716479432 0.000004994548 0.000001267556 40.791148275862 1996.086324 0.000381816571 0.003316208482 0.008752586611 0.000004987475 0.000001278482 41.056025862069 1996.080108 0.000377412067 0.003319461555 0.008783876302 0.000004966158 0.000001282494 41.320903448276 1996.073892 0.000376486475 0.003344193795 0.008829710862 0.000004901742 0.000001293949 41.585781034483 1996.067676 0.000378396643 0.003380614056 0.008811647604 0.000004842400 0.000001293640 41.850658620690 1996.061459 0.000377637305 0.003422072801 0.008829851318 0.000004727700 0.000001284744 42.115536206897 1996.055243 0.000381627433 0.003456808801 0.008807148895 0.000004668628 0.000001277226 42.380413793104 1996.049027 0.000381036471 0.003485380299 0.008800880011 0.000004658454 0.000001262452 42.645291379310 1996.042811 0.000379812475 0.003526888521 0.008772859629 0.000004604540 0.000001260801 42.910168965517 1996.036595 0.000380501817 0.003559763570 0.008769954451 0.000004556710 0.000001259100 43.175046551724 1996.030378 0.000383292395 0.003547549400 0.008750845759 0.000004509674 0.000001259359 43.439924137931 1996.024162 0.000385290837 0.003522639631 0.008730444997 0.000004494501 0.000001254668 43.704801724138 1996.017946 0.000391183625 0.003489885496 0.008708795729 0.000004494678 0.000001254395 43.969679310345 1996.011730 0.000395506538 0.003618552559 0.008767113993 0.000004444547 0.000001218245 44.234556896552 1996.005513 0.000383081267 0.003549820925 0.008749753339 0.000004508991 0.000001168657 44.499434482759 1995.999297 0.000390375472 0.003583251261 0.008765920640 0.000004422432 0.000001156614 44.764312068966 1995.993081 0.000394306942 0.003480434645 0.008827883941 0.000004306699 0.000001264840 45.029189655173 1995.986865 0.000417733842 0.003397224656 0.008809437961 0.000004026758 0.000001331212 45.294067241379 1995.980649 0.000440111660 0.003933326608 0.008839986884 0.000003821041 0.000001199276 45.558944827586 1995.974432 0.000435844714 0.003792080457 0.008817258839 0.000003806357 0.000001204907 45.823822413793 1995.968216 0.000441865486 0.004052612731 0.008687380313 0.000003856317 0.000001194992 46.088700000000 1995.962000 0.000433054956 0.004151475079 0.008723351202 0.000003687124 0.000001162605