# Coral reef accretion rates and marine reservoir ages in Pacific Panama #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), # and date accessed when using these downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13157 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-13157.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: ENSO #------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/toth2012-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Iguana Island Data # # Original_Source_URL: # Original_Source_Description: # #------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2012-08-20 #------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-09-20 #------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Coral reef accretion rates and marine reservoir ages in Pacific Panama #------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Toth, L.T. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-802X); Aronson, R.B. (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-3844); Vollmer, S.V. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-8706); Hobbs, J.W.; Urrego, D.H. (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-5529); Cheng, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-9458); Enochs, I.C. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-0361); Combosch, D.J. (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7004-7435); van Woesik, R. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-0263); Macintyre, I.G. #------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This data set includes calculated rates of vertical reef accretion and local reservoir corrections from coral reef cores collected in Pacific Panama. The cores were collected at three sites: Contadora Island, which experiences strong seasonal upwelling, Iguana Island where upwelling is intermediate, and Canales de Tierra Island, where there is no upwelling. Age models were created for each core using a combination of radiocarbon dating by standard methodologies, radiocarbon dating using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), and U/Th dating using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accretion rates were calculated by dividing the length of a given interval in a core by its time-span (typically using radiocarbon ages calibrated using the local reservoir correction). These data are presented in relation to a long-term depositional hiatus that occurred at all three sites from ~4100-1600 cal BP. To calculate the local reservoir correction at each site during the mid-to-late Holocene, individual corals from each site were sampled. These corals were split and one half was radiocarbon dated using AMS and the other half was U/Th dated using ICP-MS. Radiocarbon ages are strongly influenced by the local reservoir correction (deltaR), which is in turn influenced by the regional upwelling regime. Conversely, marine U/Th dates provide a better approximation of the 'true age' of a sample. Subtracting the U/Th age from the radiocarbon age gives an estimate of the total reservoir age, R. The U/Th age of each sample was used to determine expected radiocarbon age for that time based on the standard marine calibration curve. deltaR is calculated by subtracting the expected radiocarbon age from the measured radiocarbon age of the sample. deltaR provides a measure of each locality's deviation from the global reservoir correction, allowing for more accurate calibration of radiocarbon ages. This information is also useful in reconstructing local paleoceanography. # # GPS locations of each reef in WGS84 UTM 17N and Decimal degrees: # # Contadora Island: UTM- 0716970, 0954680 DD-8 37' 53.638" N, 79 1' 41.991" W # Iguana: 0610200, 0843189, DD-7 37' 37.166"N, 80 0' 3.344" W # Canales de Tierra: 0435784, 0856743, DD-7 24' 1.265" N, 81 34' 56.525" W # # SPECIES: Pocillopora damicornis and Psammocora stellata #------------------- # Publication # Authors: Toth, L.T., R.B. Aronson, S.V. Vollmer, J.W. Hobbs, D.H. Urrego, H. Cheng, I.C. Enochs, D.J. Combosch, R. van Woesik, I.G. Macintyre # Journal_Name: Science # Published_Title: ENSO drove 2500-year collapse of eastern Pacific coral reefs # Published_Date_or_Year: 2012 # Volume: 337 # Pages: 81-84 # Issue: 6090 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.1221168 # Full_Citation: Toth, L.T., R.B. Aronson, S.V. Vollmer, J.W. Hobbs, D.H. Urrego, H. Cheng, I.C. Enochs, D.J. Combosch, R. van Woesik, and I.G. Macintyre. 2012. ENSO drove 2500-year collapse of eastern Pacific coral reefs. Science, 337,no. 6090, 81-84. doi: 10.1126/science.1221168. # Abstract: Cores of coral reef frameworks along an upwelling gradient in Panamá show that reef ecosystems in the tropical eastern Pacific collapsed for 2500 years, representing as much as 40% of their history, beginning about 4000 years ago. The principal cause of this millennial-scale hiatus in reef growth was increased variability of the El Niño.Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its coupling with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The hiatus was a Pacific-wide phenomenon with an underlying climatology similar to probable scenarios for the next century. Global climate change is probably driving eastern Pacific reefs toward another regional collapse. #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant_Number: #------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Pacific Panama Islands # Location: Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: 8.631566 # Southernmost_Latitude: 7.40035 # Easternmost_Longitude: -79.028331 # Westernmost_Longitude: -81.58237 # Elevation_m: #------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Toth2012_CoralAccretionRate # First_Year: 6883 # Last_Year: 0 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Parameter_Keywords: age control,physical properties # Notes: #------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Coral genus 14C age U/Th age R Cal-14C DeltaR # Pocillopora 600±25 212±7 388 538±25 62 # Pocillopora 1520±80 978±12 542 1449±25 71 # Pocillopora 5060±30 5271±20 -211 4914±26 146 # Psammocora 2030±80 1450±8 580 1905±26 125 # Psammocora 2130±80 1630±22 500 2066±27 64 # Pocillopora 4590±80 4322±19 268 4213±26 377 # Pocillopora 5080±40 5096±27 -16 4823±26 257 # Pocillopora 1820±80 1323±16 497 1790±26 30 # Pocillopora 495±25 52±14 443 456±23 39 # Pocillopora 4480±80 4162±101 318 4119±26 361 # Pocillopora 4580±80 4440±12 140 4330±26 249 # Pocillopora 1940±30 1500±32 440 1940±27 0 # Pocillopora 4330±30 4440±32 -110 4330±26 0 # Pocillopora 1980±30 1530±32 450 1980±27 0 # Pocillopora 4380±30 4520±32 -140 4380±25 0 #------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # variables format: shortname what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method, C(har) or N(umeric) data,additional information # ## CoreID sample identification,,,,,corals and sclerosponges,,,C, core identification ## Site notes,,,,,corals and sclerosponges,,,C, location of sample ## Period notes,,,,,corals and sclerosponges,,,C, time period of sample relative to hiatus ## AgeStart age at sample start,,,calendar year range before present,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## AgeEnd age at sample end,,,calendar year range before present,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## AccretionRate extension rate,coral,,meter per kiloyear,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N,the rate of linear growth averaged across a coral reef #------------------------------- # DATA: # Missing_Values: NA CoreID Site Period AgeStart AgeEnd AccretionRate EP08-24 Contadora After hiatus 1007 860 1.261 EP08-25 Contadora After hiatus 1051 0 1.626 EP08-26 Contadora After hiatus 1017 552 2.288 EP09-27 Contadora After hiatus 1520 0 0.763 EP09-28 Contadora After hiatus 1273 0 0.872 EP08-24 Contadora During hiatus 4302 1007 0.12 EP08-25 Contadora During hiatus 4595 1051 0.13 EP08-26 Contadora During hiatus 4341 1017 0.128 EP09-27 Contadora During hiatus 4252 1520 0.19 EP09-28 Contadora During hiatus 4707 1273 0.337 EP08-24 Contadora Before hiatus 5336 4302 1.821 EP08-25 Contadora Before hiatus 5231 4595 3.126 EP08-26 Contadora Before hiatus 5455 4341 1.246 EP09-27 Contadora Before hiatus 5162 4252 2.603 EP09-27 Contadora Before hiatus 5430 5162 1.868 EP09-28 Contadora Before hiatus 5275 4707 1.935 EP09-28 Contadora Before hiatus 6883 5275 0.953 EP07-15 Iguana After hiatus 1304 0 1.752 EP07-16 Iguana After hiatus 1329 0 1.738 EP07-17 Iguana After hiatus 1337 0 2.133 EP07-18 Iguana After hiatus 1533 527 0.765 EP07-15 Iguana During hiatus 4224 1304 0.048 EP07-17 Iguana During hiatus 4278 1337 0.028 EP07-18 Iguana During hiatus 4066 1533 0.123 EP07-15 Iguana Before hiatus 4811 4224 1.794 EP07-17 Iguana Before hiatus 4551 4278 2.281 EP07-18 Iguana Before hiatus 4318 4066 0.929 EP10-35 Canales de Tierra After hiatus 1820 520 0.68 EP11-41 Canales de Tierra After hiatus 1410 480 0.76 EP11-41 Canales de Tierra After hiatus 1550 1410 3.897 EP10-35 Canales de Tierra During hiatus 4410 1820 0.255 EP11-41 Canales de Tierra During hiatus 4220 1550 0.272 EP11-42 Canales de Tierra During hiatus 4554 372 0.435 EP11-43 Canales de Tierra During hiatus 4020 725 0.505 EP10-35 Canales de Tierra Before hiatus 4910 4410 1.393 EP11-41 Canales de Tierra Before hiatus 5010 4220 2.136 EP11-42 Canales de Tierra Before hiatus 5860 4554 1.173 EP11-43 Canales de Tierra Before hiatus 4429 4020 4.586