# Galapagos Islands and Great Barrier Reef coral and geochemical data from 1729-2010 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/35193 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-35193.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/y68n-1x24 # # Science_Keywords: ocean acidification #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/thompson2021/gw10-4chronology-thompson2021.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Galápagos GW10-4 Monthly Geochemical, Density, and Reconstruction Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-01-06 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-04-07 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Galapagos Islands and Great Barrier Reef coral and geochemical data from 1729-2010 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thompson, Diane M.; McCulloch, Malcolm; Cole, Julia E.; Reed, Emma V.; D'Olivo, Juan P.; Dyez, Kelsey; Lofverstrom, Marcus; Lough, Janice; Cantin, Neal; Tudhope, Alexander W.; Cheung, Anson, H., Vetter, Lael; Edwards, R. Lawrence #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: We leverage geochemical tracers of coral biomineralization–skeletal B/Ca ([CO3-]), d11B (pHcf), and U/Ca ([CO3-])–that constrain the calcifying fluid chemistry, including the aragonite saturation that governs calcification rate (DeCarlo et al., 2018, 2015). We combine these with paleo-environmental tracers that primarily reflect factors external to the coral calcification environment: Sr/Ca (Beck et al., 1992; Corrège et al., 2000), Li/Mg (Hathorne, Felis, et al., 2013; Montagna et al., 2014), and d18O (Weber & Woodhead, 1972; McConnaughey, 1989) (all primarily controlled by SST); Ba/Ca (upwelling, Lea et al., 1989; Shen et al., 1992); and d13C (upwelling, metabolic carbon / photosynthesis, respiration, and reproduction, G. T. Shen et al., 1992). These new recent (1976-2010) and fossil (1729-1733) Galápagos records (Wolf Island, 1o23.15’N, 91o49.90’W) significantly extend the multi-tracer data coverage prior to the industrial era, which allows us to assess the capacity of corals to buffer against changing environmental conditions. We compare our new Galápagos results with published data from the Great Barrier Reef (McCulloch et al., 2017) to contextualize results from the marginal Galápagos reef environment–a comparatively cold, low-saturation, and highly variable environment. # Provided Keywords: boron isotopes, trace elemental geochemistry, ocean acidification, heat stress, ENSO #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Thompson, Diane M.; McCulloch, Malcolm; Cole, Julia E.; Reed, Emma V.; D'Olivo, Juan P.; Dyez, Kelsey; Lofverstrom, Marcus; Lough, Janice; Cantin, Neal; Tudhope, Alexander W.; Cheung, Anson, H., Vetter, Lael; Edwards, R. Lawrence # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-02-01 # Published_Title: Marginal reefs under stress: physiological limits render Galápagos corals susceptible to ocean acidification and thermal stress # Journal_Name: AGU Advances # Volume: 3 # Edition: # Issue: 1 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2021AV000509 # DOI: 10.1029/2021AV000509 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Ocean acidification and thermal stress may undermine corals’ ability to calcify and support diverse reef communities, particularly in marginal environments. Coral calcification depends on aragonite supersaturation (Ω>>1) of the calcifying fluid (cf) from which the skeleton precipitates. Corals actively upregulate pHcf relative to seawater to buffer against changes in temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon (DICcf), which together control Ωcf. Here we assess the buffering capacity in modern and fossil corals from the Galápagos Islands that have been exposed to sub-optimal conditions, extreme thermal stress, and ocean acidification. We demonstrate a significant decline in pHcf and Ωcf since the pre-industrial era, trends which are exacerbated during extreme warm years. These results suggest that there are likely physiological limits to corals’ pH buffering capacity, and that these constraints render marginal reefs particularly susceptible to ocean acidification. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: McCulloch, M.T.; D’Olivo, J. P.; Falter, J.; Holcomb, M.; & Trotter, J. A. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017 # Published_Title: Coral calcification in a changing world and the interactive dynamics of pH and DIC upregulation.  # Journal_Name: Nature Communications # Volume: 8 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: 15686 # DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15686 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Coral calcification is dependent on the mutualistic partnership between endosymbiotic zooxanthellae and the coral host. Here, using newly developed geochemical proxies (d11B and B/Ca), we show that Porites corals from natural reef environments exhibit a close (r2 ~0.9) antithetic relationship between dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH of the corals’ calcifying fluid (cf). The highest DICcf (~ × 3.2 seawater) is found during summer, consistent with thermal/light enhancement of metabolically (zooxanthellae) derived carbon, while the highest pHcf (~8.5) occurs in winter during periods of low DICcf (~ × 2 seawater). These opposing changes in DICcf and pHcf are shown to maintain oversaturated but stable levels of carbonate saturation (Ocf ~ × 5 seawater), the key parameter controlling coral calcification. These findings are in marked contrast to artificial experiments and show that pHcf upregulation occurs largely independent of changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, and hence ocean acidification, but is highly vulnerable to thermally induced stress from global warming. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Reed, E.V.; Thompson, D.M.; Cole, J.E.; Lough, J.M; Cantin, N.E.; Cheung, A.H., Tudhope, A.; Vetter, L., Jimenez, G.; and Edward, R.L. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-04-01 # Published_Title: Impacts of coral growth on geochemistry: Lessons from the Galapagos Islands # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 36 # Edition: # Issue: 4 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2020PA004051 # DOI: 10.1029/2020PA004051 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Coral geochemical climate reconstructions can extend our knowledge of global climate variability and trends over timescales longer than those of instrumental data. However, such reconstructions can be biased by coral growth and skeletal architecture, such as growth troughs, off-axis corallite orientation, and changing growth direction. This study quantifies the impact of skeletal architecture and growth on geochemistry using measurements of coral skeletal density, extension rate, and calcification rate, and uses these metrics to improve paleoclimate reconstructions. We present paired geochemistry-density records at Wolf Island, Galápagos, from three Porites lobata corals: two new paired density and geochemistry records from one fossil coral, and new density data from two previously published modern geochemistry records. We categorize each sampling transect used in this record by the quality of its orientation with respect to skeletal architecture. We observe relationships between geochemistry and density that are not detected using extension or calcification rate alone. These density-geochemistry relationships likely reflect both the response of coral growth to environmental conditions and the non-climatic impact of skeletal architecture on geochemistry in sub-optimal sampling transects. Correlations of density with Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Mg/Ca are consistent with the Rayleigh fractionation model of trace element incorporation into coral skeletons. Removing transects with sub-optimal skeletal architecture increases mean reconstructed SST closer to instrumental mean SST, and lowers errors of reconstruction by up to 20%. These results demonstrate the usefulness of coral density data for assessing skeletal architecture and growth when generating coral paleoclimate records. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jimenez, G.; Cole, J.E.; Thompson, D.M.; and Tudhope, A.W. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Published_Title: Northern Galápagos Corals Reveal Twentieth Century Warming in the Eastern Tropical Pacific # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 45 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1981-1988 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2017GL075323 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Models and observations disagree regarding sea surface temperature (SST) trends in the eastern tropical Pacific. We present a new Sr/Ca-SST record that spans 1940–2010 from two Wolf Island corals (northern Gala´pagos). Trend analysis of the Wolf record shows significant warming on multiple timescales, which is also present in several other records and gridded instrumental products. Together, these data sets suggest that most of the eastern tropical Pacific has warmed over the twentieth century. In contrast, recent decades have been characterized by warming during boreal spring and summer (especially north of the equator), and subtropical cooling during boreal fall and winter (especially south of the equator). These SST trends are consistent with the effects of radiative forcing, mitigated by cooling due to wind forcing during boreal winter, as well as intensified upwelling and a strengthened Equatorial Undercurrent. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cheung, A.H.; Cole, J.E.; Thompson, D.M.; Vetter, L., Jimenez, G.; and Tudhope, A.W. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-12-01 # Published_Title: Fidelity of the Coral Sr/Ca Paleothermometer Following Heat Stress in the Northern Galápagos # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 36 # Edition: # Issue: 12 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2021PA004323 # DOI: 10.1029/2021PA004323 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Coral Sr/Ca records have been widely used to reconstruct and understand past sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Pacific. However, in the eastern equatorial Pacific, coral growth conditions are marginal, and strong El Niño events have led to high mortality, limiting opportunities for coral Sr/Ca-based SST reconstructions. In this study, we present two ~25-year Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca records measured on modern Porites lobata from Wolf and Darwin Islands in the northern Galápagos. In these records, we confirm the well-established relationship between Sr/Ca and SST and investigate the impact of heat stress on this relationship. We demonstrate a weakened relationship between Sr/Ca and SST after a major (Degree Heating Months 9°C-months) heat stress event during the 1997–1998 El Niño, with a larger response in the Wolf core. However, removing data that covers the 1997–1998 El Niño from calibration does not improve reconstruction statistics. Nevertheless, we find that excluding data after the 1997–1998 El Niño event from the calibration reduces the SST reconstruction error slightly. These results confirm that coral Sr/Ca is a reliable SST proxy in this region, although it can respond adversely to unusual heat stress. We suggest that noise in Sr/Ca-SST calibrations may be reduced by removing data immediately following large heat extremes. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NSF # Grant: 1401326/1829613 and 0957881 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: UK Natural Environment Research Council # Grant: NE/H009957/1 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: ARC Centre of Excellence # Grant: CE140100020 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Boston University # Grant: Startup funds #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Wolf Island # Location: Galápagos Islands # Northernmost_Latitude: 1.385833 # Southernmost_Latitude: 1.385833 # Easternmost_Longitude: -91.831667 # Westernmost_Longitude: -91.831667 # Elevation_m: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: GW10-4Chronology-Thompson2021 # First_Year: 1730 # Last_Year: 1734 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals, oxygen isotopes # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: # 238U_Decay_Constant: # 234U_Decay_Constant: # 230Th_Decay_Constant: # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 ppm +/- 2.2 ppm # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Estimated using the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. # Missing_Values: NaN # Chronology_Table: # samp_id depth_mm 238U_ppb 238U_2s_ppb 232Th_ppt 232Th_2s_ppt 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BM age_corr_2s_yr d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr # W-4 NaN 2566.84917681749 5.72443343974862 35.8041042314164 2.92776874095001 3478.63508026779 297.85521223493 144.577284957514 2.8556001649249 2.94290108750308E-03 7.50197704690843E-05 280.720230599114 7.19917459825138 280.365377984808 7.20341665105339 144.691720937881 2.85786194653303 218.365377984808 7.20341665105339 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Time_int age,,,year Common Era,monthly,corals and sclerosponges;climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, ## Sr/Ca strontium/calcium,Porites lobata,,millimole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.0194 ## pHcf_press_corr pH,calcifying fluid;delta 11B,,dimensionless,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N,pressure corrected ## DICcf dissolved inorganic carbon,calcifying fluid,,micromole per kilogram,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, ## Wcf aragonite saturation state,calcifying fluid,,dimensionless,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, ## d13C delta 13C,Porites lobata,,per mil,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18O delta 18O,Porites lobata,,per mil,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## Mg/Ca magnesium/calcium,Porites lobata,,millimole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.024 ## Ba/Ca barium/calcium,Porites lobata,,micromole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.242 ## U/Ca uranium/calcium,Porites lobata,,micromole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.0092 ## Li/Mg lithium/magnesium,Porites lobata,,millimole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; ; error detail: 0.0325 ## B/Ca boron/calcium,Porites lobata,,micromole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 11.79 ## Sr/Ca-SST sea surface temperature,strontium/calcium,,degree Celsius,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N,Sr/Ca-SST calculated using the Jimenez et al. 2018 composite slope (from cores WLF10-10 and WLF10-3) ## Li/Mg-SST sea surface temperature,lithium/magnesium,,degree Celsius,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, ## Density_Transect_1 density,Porites lobata,,gram per cubic centimeter,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,x-ray densitometry,N,Transect 1; error reported as percent difference of standard from known value; error detail: 1.8 ## Density_Transect_2 density,Porites lobata,,gram per cubic centimeter,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,x-ray densitometry,N,Transect 2; error reported as percent difference of standard from known value; error detail: 1.8 ## Average_Density density,Porites lobata,,gram per cubic centimeter,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,averaged,x-ray densitometry,N,average of Transect 1+2;error reported as percent difference of standard from known value; error detail: 1.8 #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NaN Time_int Sr/Ca pHcf_press_corr DICcf Wcf d13C d18O Mg/Ca Ba/Ca U/Ca Li/Mg B/Ca Sr/Ca-SST Li/Mg-SST Density_Transect_1 Density_Transect_2 Average_Density 1734.208 NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.45 -5.082123 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.248072 1.248072 1734.1247 NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.39 -4.889554 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.262181 1.262181 1734.0413 9.083026 8.58 3920 17.4 -2.37 -4.833957 4.426783 3.040537 1.102078 1.390837 510.9464 27.631124 27.721578 1.21663 1.285499 1.285499 1733.958 9.109473 8.6 3850 17.3 -2.33 -4.837748 4.421574 2.922545 1.103163 1.402989 521.14614 27.167146 27.544113 1.216211 1.273329 1.273329 1733.8747 9.092254 8.6 3730 17.1 -2.21 -4.823343 4.408484 2.819029 1.107881 1.41739 534.47591 27.469231 27.335341 1.238524 1.300289 1.300289 1733.7913 9.134164 8.63 3680 17.1 -2.3 -4.862008 4.382135 2.692281 1.111539 1.426573 542.78736 26.733962 27.203694 1.249892 1.269611 1.269611 1733.708 9.123176 8.62 3750 17.2 -2.37 -4.874391 4.43139 2.705292 1.103373 1.400979 533.59609 26.926733 27.577284 1.247641 1.261318 1.210329 1733.6247 9.090485 8.58 3900 17.2 -2.44 -4.881215 4.509037 2.831624 1.088189 1.366212 514.83756 27.500259 28.086472 1.258664 1.221049 1.185557 1733.5413 9.067287 8.54 4090 17.2 -2.54 -4.903201 4.567866 3.044835 1.070793 1.347876 494.44723 27.907254 28.361619 1.243261 1.205756 1.180765 1733.458 9.100442 8.55 4150 17.2 -2.46 -4.965369 4.529206 3.290626 1.084514 1.355557 491.38326 27.325581 28.24575 1.228678 1.224637 1.185724 1733.3747 9.104331 8.55 4190 17.3 -2.44 -4.948184 4.564307 3.576542 1.089038 1.352943 487.20577 27.257359 28.285187 1.201816 1.212914 1.192909 1733.2913 9.094463 8.55 4160 17.5 -2.44 -4.92266 4.581373 3.611992 1.088663 1.348122 487.56619 27.430473 28.357889 1.195787 1.275291 1.214681 1733.208 9.08635 8.58 4030 17.8 -2.41 -4.959809 4.48861 3.106387 1.087684 1.349184 498.11596 27.572807 28.341818 1.19431 1.28341 1.248504 1733.1247 9.113563 8.6 3930 17.6 -2.31 -4.873381 4.397087 2.923166 1.106024 1.393784 511.16285 27.095378 27.688551 1.203367 1.304688 1.277106 1733.0413 9.140777 8.62 3830 17.4 -2.21 -4.786952 4.305563 2.739944 1.124363 1.438384 524.20975 26.61795 27.035284 1.197121 1.346231 1.307365 1732.958 9.184937 8.63 3800 17.1 -2.27 -4.64998 4.22983 2.754696 1.153239 1.480101 533.50076 25.843214 26.459917 1.232026 1.362493 1.2965 1732.8747 9.229097 8.64 3760 16.7 -2.33 -4.513009 4.154097 2.769448 1.182115 1.521819 542.79177 25.068478 25.884551 1.230299 1.338951 1.279974 1732.7913 9.263481 8.65 3730 16.4 -2.26 -4.437194 4.084992 2.712526 1.196036 1.561739 551.36339 24.465248 25.362778 1.256152 1.332135 1.265468 1732.708 9.297865 8.65 3710 16 -2.19 -4.36138 4.015886 2.655605 1.209958 1.601659 559.93502 23.862017 24.841005 1.272227 1.322701 1.241768 1732.6247 9.318054 8.64 3760 15.8 -2.38 -4.298201 4.010392 2.94902 1.222218 1.621566 556.82849 23.50782 24.590456 1.296835 1.334748 1.245583 1732.5413 9.338244 8.63 3820 15.6 -2.57 -4.235022 4.004897 3.242434 1.234479 1.641473 553.72196 23.153622 24.339906 1.301559 1.284682 1.22671 1732.458 9.350992 8.6 4000 15.2 -2.6 -4.206718 4.08382 3.929578 1.235039 1.634102 537.95101 22.929958 24.431953 1.280346 1.25548 1.210231 1732.3747 9.363741 8.56 4190 14.8 -2.63 -4.178414 4.162744 4.616721 1.235599 1.626732 522.18006 22.706294 24.524 1.287983 1.255857 1.219163 1732.2913 NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.41 -4.46192 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.27926 1.265415 1.211253 1732.208 NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.19 -4.745425 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.270389 1.337914 1.273445 1732.1247 NaN NaN NaN NaN -2 -5.074346 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.229562 1.347458 1.286092 1732.0413 9.050509 8.53 4220 17.5 -1.94 -5.164677 4.723752 2.899858 1.065315 1.350464 478.61208 28.201594 28.322538 1.219268 1.35659 1.289024 1731.958 9.061365 8.54 4210 17.7 -2 -5.016417 4.691527 2.788863 1.073512 1.345314 480.07625 28.011141 28.400448 1.243191 1.35465 1.303137 1731.8747 9.107342 8.54 4160 17.1 -1.96 -4.914657 4.536855 2.826903 1.106935 1.392488 491.57525 27.204531 27.703001 1.27157 1.381721 1.308052 1731.7913 9.155638 8.56 4040 16.5 -1.94 -4.756626 4.368177 2.822295 1.143633 1.459807 510.21794 26.357222 26.751548 1.28514 1.40493 1.320812 1731.708 9.206255 8.59 3860 16 -1.94 -4.542324 4.185491 2.77504 1.183607 1.547268 536.00432 25.469214 25.546089 1.316289 1.355198 1.310514 1731.6247 9.173437 8.61 3800 16.5 -1.89 -4.62454 4.292432 2.72856 1.160782 1.498387 536.15346 26.04496 26.206598 1.297062 1.337736 1.308028 1731.5413 9.137177 8.6 3770 16.8 -1.88 -4.694627 4.391247 2.700075 1.138773 1.445375 534.71146 26.681108 26.944417 1.292165 1.309174 1.295498 1731.458 9.097474 8.59 3780 16.7 -1.9 -4.752583 4.481937 2.689584 1.117579 1.388232 531.67834 27.377658 27.759548 1.303948 1.286623 1.272141 1731.3747 9.031166 8.51 4320 17.5 -2.13 -4.966211 4.646106 4.201464 1.080927 1.304916 471.40258 28.540952 29.043045 1.312148 1.298921 1.227547 1731.2913 8.987655 8.46 4640 18 -2.21 -5.109753 4.786953 5.719551 1.056234 1.254036 436.06764 29.304299 29.835435 1.288503 1.265067 1.179772 1731.208 8.966941 8.45 4740 18.3 -2.15 -5.183209 4.904476 7.243846 1.043501 1.235592 425.67354 29.6677 30.136716 1.23165 1.206687 1.139153 1731.1247 9.079165 8.54 4290 17.7 -1.86 -4.994515 4.531245 4.744214 1.104071 1.36855 475.80039 27.698859 28.100859 1.254197 1.241592 1.194644 1731.0413 9.14963 8.6 3970 17.3 -1.68 -4.854343 4.306153 3.413082 1.144399 1.453246 511.10857 26.462639 26.828679 1.247373 1.306232 1.272297 1730.958 9.178335 8.63 3800 17.2 -1.61 -4.762691 4.229199 3.25045 1.164483 1.489679 531.59808 25.959042 26.320175 1.202656 1.375598 1.32799 1730.8747 9.208026 8.62 3880 16.7 -1.59 -4.65886 4.202442 3.484691 1.179878 1.510831 528.86866 25.438145 26.033439 1.207204 1.388371 1.321008 1730.7913 9.229755 NaN NaN NaN -1.58 -4.574959 4.177335 3.593244 1.194372 1.534371 533.81046 25.056937 25.718364 1.240582 1.350862 1.303357 1730.708 9.243521 NaN NaN NaN -1.58 -4.510987 4.153876 3.576109 1.207965 1.560298 546.42348 24.815416 25.374948 1.27657 1.323655 1.268884 1730.6247 9.26813 NaN NaN NaN -1.54 -4.457075 4.146723 3.607459 1.210533 1.582908 555.2576 24.383681 25.082379 1.309467 1.326487 1.283608 1730.5413 9.247555 8.63 3810 16.4 -1.68 -4.48639 4.277441 3.825486 1.179322 1.544016 542.79433 24.744656 25.611096 1.300911 1.294671 1.280867 1730.458 9.181795 8.58 4050 16.7 -1.99 -4.598932 4.546031 4.23019 1.11433 1.443622 509.03369 25.898342 26.961098 1.270777 1.21217 1.223758 1730.3747 9.073204 8.49 4560 17.5 -2.18 -4.779539 4.835097 7.752198 1.062973 1.311559 453.27779 27.803433 28.969205 1.266595 1.189663 1.182621 1730.2913 9.007464 8.47 4680 18 -2.15 -4.951385 4.916887 8.07537 1.041059 1.260062 434.85786 28.956774 29.739189 1.269135 1.16066 1.127377 1730.208 8.984573 8.5 4410 18.2 -1.88 -5.114471 4.791402 5.199707 1.048587 1.28913 453.7739 29.358363 29.271051 1.234639 1.217454 1.177127