# Galapagos Islands and Great Barrier Reef coral and geochemical data from 1729-2010 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/35193 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-coral-35193.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/y68n-1x24 # # Science_Keywords: ocean acidification #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/thompson2021/gw10-3chronology-thompson2021.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Galápagos GW10-3 Monthly Geochemical, Density, and Reconstruction Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-01-06 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-04-07 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Galapagos Islands and Great Barrier Reef coral and geochemical data from 1729-2010 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thompson, Diane M.; McCulloch, Malcolm; Cole, Julia E.; Reed, Emma V.; D'Olivo, Juan P.; Dyez, Kelsey; Lofverstrom, Marcus; Lough, Janice; Cantin, Neal; Tudhope, Alexander W.; Cheung, Anson, H., Vetter, Lael; Edwards, R. Lawrence #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: We leverage geochemical tracers of coral biomineralization–skeletal B/Ca ([CO3-]), d11B (pHcf), and U/Ca ([CO3-])–that constrain the calcifying fluid chemistry, including the aragonite saturation that governs calcification rate (DeCarlo et al., 2018, 2015). We combine these with paleo-environmental tracers that primarily reflect factors external to the coral calcification environment: Sr/Ca (Beck et al., 1992; Corrège et al., 2000), Li/Mg (Hathorne, Felis, et al., 2013; Montagna et al., 2014), and d18O (Weber & Woodhead, 1972; McConnaughey, 1989) (all primarily controlled by SST); Ba/Ca (upwelling, Lea et al., 1989; Shen et al., 1992); and d13C (upwelling, metabolic carbon / photosynthesis, respiration, and reproduction, G. T. Shen et al., 1992). These new recent (1976-2010) and fossil (1729-1733) Galápagos records (Wolf Island, 1o23.15’N, 91o49.90’W) significantly extend the multi-tracer data coverage prior to the industrial era, which allows us to assess the capacity of corals to buffer against changing environmental conditions. We compare our new Galápagos results with published data from the Great Barrier Reef (McCulloch et al., 2017) to contextualize results from the marginal Galápagos reef environment–a comparatively cold, low-saturation, and highly variable environment. # Provided Keywords: boron isotopes, trace elemental geochemistry, ocean acidification, heat stress, ENSO #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Thompson, Diane M.; McCulloch, Malcolm; Cole, Julia E.; Reed, Emma V.; D'Olivo, Juan P.; Dyez, Kelsey; Lofverstrom, Marcus; Lough, Janice; Cantin, Neal; Tudhope, Alexander W.; Cheung, Anson, H., Vetter, Lael; Edwards, R. Lawrence # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-02-01 # Published_Title: Marginal reefs under stress: physiological limits render Galápagos corals susceptible to ocean acidification and thermal stress # Journal_Name: AGU Advances # Volume: 3 # Edition: # Issue: 1 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2021AV000509 # DOI: 10.1029/2021AV000509 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Ocean acidification and thermal stress may undermine corals’ ability to calcify and support diverse reef communities, particularly in marginal environments. Coral calcification depends on aragonite supersaturation (Ω>>1) of the calcifying fluid (cf) from which the skeleton precipitates. Corals actively upregulate pHcf relative to seawater to buffer against changes in temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon (DICcf), which together control Ωcf. Here we assess the buffering capacity in modern and fossil corals from the Galápagos Islands that have been exposed to sub-optimal conditions, extreme thermal stress, and ocean acidification. We demonstrate a significant decline in pHcf and Ωcf since the pre-industrial era, trends which are exacerbated during extreme warm years. These results suggest that there are likely physiological limits to corals’ pH buffering capacity, and that these constraints render marginal reefs particularly susceptible to ocean acidification. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: McCulloch, M.T.; D’Olivo, J. P.; Falter, J.; Holcomb, M.; & Trotter, J. A. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017 # Published_Title: Coral calcification in a changing world and the interactive dynamics of pH and DIC upregulation.  # Journal_Name: Nature Communications # Volume: 8 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: 15686 # DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15686 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Coral calcification is dependent on the mutualistic partnership between endosymbiotic zooxanthellae and the coral host. Here, using newly developed geochemical proxies (d11B and B/Ca), we show that Porites corals from natural reef environments exhibit a close (r2 ~0.9) antithetic relationship between dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH of the corals’ calcifying fluid (cf). The highest DICcf (~ × 3.2 seawater) is found during summer, consistent with thermal/light enhancement of metabolically (zooxanthellae) derived carbon, while the highest pHcf (~8.5) occurs in winter during periods of low DICcf (~ × 2 seawater). These opposing changes in DICcf and pHcf are shown to maintain oversaturated but stable levels of carbonate saturation (Ocf ~ × 5 seawater), the key parameter controlling coral calcification. These findings are in marked contrast to artificial experiments and show that pHcf upregulation occurs largely independent of changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, and hence ocean acidification, but is highly vulnerable to thermally induced stress from global warming. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Reed, E.V.; Thompson, D.M.; Cole, J.E.; Lough, J.M; Cantin, N.E.; Cheung, A.H., Tudhope, A.; Vetter, L., Jimenez, G.; and Edward, R.L. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-04-01 # Published_Title: Impacts of coral growth on geochemistry: Lessons from the Galapagos Islands # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 36 # Edition: # Issue: 4 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2020PA004051 # DOI: 10.1029/2020PA004051 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Coral geochemical climate reconstructions can extend our knowledge of global climate variability and trends over timescales longer than those of instrumental data. However, such reconstructions can be biased by coral growth and skeletal architecture, such as growth troughs, off-axis corallite orientation, and changing growth direction. This study quantifies the impact of skeletal architecture and growth on geochemistry using measurements of coral skeletal density, extension rate, and calcification rate, and uses these metrics to improve paleoclimate reconstructions. We present paired geochemistry-density records at Wolf Island, Galápagos, from three Porites lobata corals: two new paired density and geochemistry records from one fossil coral, and new density data from two previously published modern geochemistry records. We categorize each sampling transect used in this record by the quality of its orientation with respect to skeletal architecture. We observe relationships between geochemistry and density that are not detected using extension or calcification rate alone. These density-geochemistry relationships likely reflect both the response of coral growth to environmental conditions and the non-climatic impact of skeletal architecture on geochemistry in sub-optimal sampling transects. Correlations of density with Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Mg/Ca are consistent with the Rayleigh fractionation model of trace element incorporation into coral skeletons. Removing transects with sub-optimal skeletal architecture increases mean reconstructed SST closer to instrumental mean SST, and lowers errors of reconstruction by up to 20%. These results demonstrate the usefulness of coral density data for assessing skeletal architecture and growth when generating coral paleoclimate records. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jimenez, G.; Cole, J.E.; Thompson, D.M.; and Tudhope, A.W. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Published_Title: Northern Galápagos Corals Reveal Twentieth Century Warming in the Eastern Tropical Pacific # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 45 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1981-1988 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2017GL075323 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Models and observations disagree regarding sea surface temperature (SST) trends in the eastern tropical Pacific. We present a new Sr/Ca-SST record that spans 1940–2010 from two Wolf Island corals (northern Gala´pagos). Trend analysis of the Wolf record shows significant warming on multiple timescales, which is also present in several other records and gridded instrumental products. Together, these data sets suggest that most of the eastern tropical Pacific has warmed over the twentieth century. In contrast, recent decades have been characterized by warming during boreal spring and summer (especially north of the equator), and subtropical cooling during boreal fall and winter (especially south of the equator). These SST trends are consistent with the effects of radiative forcing, mitigated by cooling due to wind forcing during boreal winter, as well as intensified upwelling and a strengthened Equatorial Undercurrent. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cheung, A.H.; Cole, J.E.; Thompson, D.M.; Vetter, L., Jimenez, G.; and Tudhope, A.W. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-12-01 # Published_Title: Fidelity of the Coral Sr/Ca Paleothermometer Following Heat Stress in the Northern Galápagos # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 36 # Edition: # Issue: 12 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2021PA004323 # DOI: 10.1029/2021PA004323 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Coral Sr/Ca records have been widely used to reconstruct and understand past sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Pacific. However, in the eastern equatorial Pacific, coral growth conditions are marginal, and strong El Niño events have led to high mortality, limiting opportunities for coral Sr/Ca-based SST reconstructions. In this study, we present two ~25-year Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca records measured on modern Porites lobata from Wolf and Darwin Islands in the northern Galápagos. In these records, we confirm the well-established relationship between Sr/Ca and SST and investigate the impact of heat stress on this relationship. We demonstrate a weakened relationship between Sr/Ca and SST after a major (Degree Heating Months 9°C-months) heat stress event during the 1997–1998 El Niño, with a larger response in the Wolf core. However, removing data that covers the 1997–1998 El Niño from calibration does not improve reconstruction statistics. Nevertheless, we find that excluding data after the 1997–1998 El Niño event from the calibration reduces the SST reconstruction error slightly. These results confirm that coral Sr/Ca is a reliable SST proxy in this region, although it can respond adversely to unusual heat stress. We suggest that noise in Sr/Ca-SST calibrations may be reduced by removing data immediately following large heat extremes. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NSF # Grant: 1401326/1829613 and 0957881 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: UK Natural Environment Research Council # Grant: NE/H009957/1 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: ARC Centre of Excellence # Grant: CE140100020 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Boston University # Grant: Startup funds #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Wolf Island # Location: Galápagos Islands # Northernmost_Latitude: 1.385833 # Southernmost_Latitude: 1.385833 # Easternmost_Longitude: -91.831667 # Westernmost_Longitude: -91.831667 # Elevation_m: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: GW10-3Chronology-Thompson2021 # First_Year: 1995 # Last_Year: 2000 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals, oxygen isotopes # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Time_int age,,,year Common Era,monthly,corals and sclerosponges;climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, ## Sr/Ca strontium/calcium,Porites lobata,,millimole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.0194 ## pHcf_press_corr pH,calcifying fluid; delta 11B,,dimensionless,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N,pressure corrected ## DICcf dissolved inorganic carbon,calcifying fluid,,micromole per kilogram,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, ## Wcf aragonite saturation state,calcifying fluid,,dimensionless,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, ## d13C delta 13C,Porites lobata,,per mil,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18O delta 18O,Porites lobata,,per mil,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## Mg/Ca magnesium/calcium,Porites lobata,,millimole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.024 ## Ba/Ca barium/calcium,Porites lobata,,micromole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.242 ## U/Ca uranium/calcium,Porites lobata,,micromole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 0.0092 ## Li/Mg lithium/magnesium,Porites lobata,,millimole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; ; error detail: 0.0325 ## B/Ca boron/calcium,Porites lobata,,micromole per mole,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,error reported as 1 sigma of JCP-1 standard; error detail: 11.79 ## Sr/Ca-SST sea surface temperature,strontium/calcium,,degree Celsius,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N,Sr/Ca-SST calculated using the Jimenez et al. 2018 composite slope (from cores WLF10-10 and WLF10-3) ## Li/Mg-SST sea surface temperature,lithium/magnesium,,degree Celsius,monthly,corals and sclerosponges; climate reconstructions,interpolated,,N, ## Density_Transect_1 density,Porites lobata,,gram per cubic centimeter,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,x-ray densitometry,N,Transect 1;error reported as percent difference of standard from known value; error detail: 1.8 ## Density_Transect_2 density,Porites lobata,,gram per cubic centimeter,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,x-ray densitometry,N,Transect 2;error reported as percent difference of standard from known value; error detail: 1.8 ## Average_Density density,Porites lobata,,gram per cubic centimeter,monthly,corals and sclerosponges,averaged,x-ray densitometry,N,Transect 1+2;error reported as percent difference of standard from known value; error detail: 1.8 #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NaN Time_int Sr/Ca pHcf_press_corr DICcf Wcf d13C d18O Mg/Ca Ba/Ca U/Ca Li/Mg B/Ca Sr/Ca-SST Li/Mg-SST Density_Transect_1 Density_Transect_2 Average_Density 2000.208 9.16327 8.501 3969.777 14.5566 -3.15104 -4.89309 4.650841 2.592698 1.13425 1.425145 530.313 26.22 27.224 1.894829 1.827917 1.861373 2000.1247 9.21459 8.45847 4367.23 14.23059 -3.56868 -4.77931 4.514232 2.53105 1.177626 1.482644 494.0825 25.32 26.42198 1.965778 1.821028 1.893403 2000.0413 9.26575 8.45498 4473.732 13.9786 -3.44148 -4.66359 4.36206 2.468299 1.230265 1.54463 488.9232 24.425 25.58875 1.990227 1.790591 1.890409 1999.958 9.29092 8.46656 4430.689 13.89873 -3.1556 -4.5883 4.266379 2.40812 1.26455 1.583601 496.5368 23.985 25.07259 1.821264 1.75993 1.790597 1999.8747 9.26425 8.46925 4379.506 14.0891 -3.09718 -4.59583 4.299244 2.354188 1.252861 1.572053 498.6249 24.45 25.22178 1.757851 1.705431 1.731641 1999.7913 9.26343 8.5157 4126.164 14.34416 -2.81766 -4.62924 4.311274 2.325321 1.233927 1.569841 517.7065 24.465 25.25051 1.726854 1.691175 1.709015 1999.708 9.28925 8.53566 3977.574 14.0278 -2.79658 -4.52767 4.289913 2.454386 1.242317 1.584588 534.6475 24.015 25.06066 1.736836 1.625811 1.681324 1999.6247 9.31243 8.5328 3962.804 13.68086 -2.88344 -4.46803 4.296909 2.660566 1.253115 1.588029 541.448 23.61 25.0172 1.672913 1.596386 1.634649 1999.5413 9.30365 8.5108 4110.925 13.8442 -2.92775 -4.62724 4.394011 2.863048 1.241403 1.551898 530.1081 23.76 25.48511 1.644219 1.648799 1.646509 1999.458 9.30881 8.53592 4123.219 14.49487 -2.59582 -4.54839 4.302505 2.732265 1.247977 1.553865 526.1715 23.67 25.45926 1.631813 1.66309 1.647451 1999.3747 9.23977 8.52783 4090.133 14.82257 -2.63037 -4.64745 4.409754 2.726215 1.206787 1.481908 518.093 24.88 26.45145 1.638722 1.619935 1.629328 1999.2913 9.16449 8.51321 4048.011 15.03685 -2.80534 -4.78139 4.548546 2.696428 1.16212 1.412655 512.2596 26.2 27.4038 1.688027 1.6071 1.647563 1999.208 9.15091 8.51874 4033.198 15.34722 -2.89471 -4.80717 4.551671 2.494432 1.158261 1.422738 515.0578 26.44 27.25849 1.658611 1.662766 1.660689 1999.1247 9.16538 8.52327 4014.357 15.21537 -2.9609 -4.87485 4.579954 2.480558 1.161748 1.439712 517.5632 26.185 27.01787 1.688047 1.677419 1.682733 1999.0413 9.17985 8.5278 3995.516 15.08351 -3.02709 -4.94253 4.608238 2.466684 1.165234 1.456686 520.0686 25.93 26.77725 1.660165 1.665186 1.662676 1998.958 9.19656 8.53941 3913.853 14.797 -3.04401 -4.89406 4.531826 2.377619 1.179299 1.4702 526.0897 25.64 26.58965 1.636292 1.614825 1.625558 1998.8747 9.21327 8.55102 3832.189 14.51048 -3.06092 -4.84558 4.455415 2.288555 1.193365 1.483714 532.1108 25.35 26.40206 1.650173 1.583402 1.616787 1998.7913 9.24797 8.57464 3766.475 14.62126 -2.95078 -4.72024 4.41197 2.353483 1.215014 1.517772 549.6949 24.74 25.94403 1.689032 1.57968 1.634356 1998.708 9.28268 8.59825 3700.761 14.73205 -2.84064 -4.59489 4.368525 2.418412 1.236664 1.551831 567.279 24.13 25.486 1.710398 1.544212 1.627305 1998.6247 9.29166 8.63422 3543.865 14.87562 -2.79207 -4.50998 4.277865 2.574733 1.253504 1.570632 586.3619 23.97 25.24169 1.743051 1.524112 1.633581 1998.5413 9.30063 8.67019 3386.97 15.01919 -2.74351 -4.42506 4.187205 2.731053 1.270343 1.589433 605.4449 23.81 24.99739 1.824272 1.503639 1.663956 1998.458 9.19614 8.60826 3704.514 15.89256 -3.37633 -4.68991 4.131588 3.162888 1.21293 1.48646 555.3798 25.645 26.41341 1.793508 1.489406 1.641457 1998.3747 9.09165 8.54633 4022.058 16.76594 -4.00915 -4.95475 4.075971 3.594722 1.155517 1.383488 505.3148 27.48 27.82942 1.761624 1.481033 1.621328 1998.2913 8.98999 8.47986 4307.801 17.21411 -4.29952 -5.28733 4.370302 3.491628 1.084561 1.294379 471.8444 29.265 29.2366 1.716094 1.508683 1.612389 1998.208 8.88834 8.41338 4593.544 17.66228 -4.5899 -5.6199 4.664632 3.388534 1.013605 1.20527 438.3739 31.05 30.64379 1.67878 1.559311 1.619045 1998.1247 8.93117 8.44065 4455.668 17.25198 -3.86062 -5.59631 4.751166 3.189333 1.031365 1.208966 446.5681 30.3 30.58132 1.771234 1.61567 1.693452 1998.0413 8.95308 8.46565 4237.197 16.87489 -3.36365 -5.42986 4.740851 2.765172 1.055732 1.252432 470.2695 29.91 29.86645 1.782823 1.592436 1.68763 1997.958 8.98052 8.47038 4191.756 16.54824 -3.15805 -5.29087 4.693374 2.43718 1.074913 1.277097 479.5872 29.43 29.46251 1.869195 1.633809 1.751502 1997.8747 8.98991 8.45565 4251.33 16.26568 -3.11833 -5.26778 4.667174 2.351131 1.08058 1.283163 476.6841 29.26667 29.36582 1.76007 1.665025 1.712547 1997.7913 8.9796 8.4393 4263.341 15.97128 -3.11783 -5.29643 4.667398 2.411012 1.080517 1.295862 476.2183 29.44167 29.1663 1.794089 1.724566 1.759328 1997.708 9.04188 8.45433 4227.74 15.5334 -3.21212 -5.0892 4.593859 2.212597 1.111264 1.331702 485.7854 28.35 28.60799 1.798723 1.688026 1.743374 1997.6247 9.04861 8.45199 4233.016 15.48442 -3.11533 -5.15996 4.683074 2.467161 1.09963 1.322925 489.9553 28.23333 28.74303 1.877641 1.60264 1.74014 1997.5413 9.04177 8.44704 4211.576 15.3877 -2.98865 -5.16798 4.674256 2.465341 1.094254 1.32122 494.2698 28.35667 28.76926 1.976409 1.568215 1.772312 1997.458 9.08458 8.45023 4207.583 14.96564 -2.9579 -5.07601 4.587595 2.434084 1.120221 1.360768 498.7278 27.605 28.17595 1.972221 1.621536 1.796879 1997.3747 9.11016 8.45476 4235.379 14.84337 -3.03489 -5.0427 4.5396 2.540953 1.13905 1.368597 495.0826 27.15333 28.06138 1.990563 1.525687 1.758125 1997.2913 9.0636 8.45097 4283.114 15.36924 -3.20244 -5.16468 4.608572 2.827176 1.118039 1.302225 481.349 27.96833 29.06506 1.947261 1.543343 1.745302 1997.208 9.04409 8.44108 4316.382 15.43545 -3.49949 -5.21859 4.700085 3.140688 1.099628 1.287304 476.3119 28.31 29.29998 1.876637 1.564865 1.720751 1997.1247 9.21167 8.45511 4503.711 14.66165 -3.18575 -4.86647 4.460037 2.589623 1.195051 1.409854 478.9968 25.37667 27.46034 1.711588 1.535035 1.623312 1997.0413 9.26868 8.49338 4342.418 14.57896 -3.23448 -4.70238 4.377276 2.497375 1.235377 1.487093 502.494 24.37667 26.36213 1.770367 1.588733 1.67955 1996.958 9.2846 8.5058 4245.139 14.40196 -3.32426 -4.59843 4.360414 2.452937 1.244839 1.511636 513.1611 24.095 26.02158 1.773816 1.555258 1.664537 1996.8747 9.29682 8.49812 4267.18 14.14138 -3.33094 -4.48403 4.342916 2.393852 1.257155 1.539547 513.0279 23.88 25.6557 1.82605 1.588506 1.707278 1996.7913 9.32104 8.50405 4267.675 14.09343 -3.24683 -4.35312 4.307754 2.393132 1.284424 1.594684 518.3617 23.45667 24.93045 1.890067 1.618582 1.754324 1996.708 9.36174 8.55742 4070.762 14.32903 -3.09997 -4.27141 4.312046 2.446164 1.286035 1.573044 538.2332 22.74 25.20891 1.839044 1.630378 1.734711 1996.6247 9.37863 8.56593 4070.194 14.41642 -2.96897 -4.22171 4.384115 2.467318 1.27585 1.562672 541.8078 22.44833 25.34401 1.8214 1.650623 1.736012 1996.5413 9.3468 8.55134 4017.183 13.97921 -2.9955 -4.30073 4.355757 2.466012 1.269335 1.558659 535.46 23.00333 25.39641 1.80912 1.641379 1.72525 1996.458 9.30415 8.53882 4059.183 14.22153 -2.8857 -4.53272 4.384214 2.508024 1.240737 1.512726 524.42 23.75 26.01588 1.880659 1.676964 1.778811 1996.3747 9.23873 8.52894 4115.618 14.96417 -2.84231 -4.81458 4.46559 2.566954 1.189973 1.439692 514.9142 24.9 27.0246 1.765987 1.633893 1.69994 1996.2913 9.15309 8.51495 4087.349 15.47456 -3.03923 -5.0208 4.532852 2.594563 1.143534 1.384514 511.5878 26.405 27.8143 1.754411 1.541104 1.647758 1996.208 9.12863 8.50009 4066.141 15.29675 -3.09597 -5.10841 4.553824 2.591122 1.155382 1.389326 514.9271 26.83 27.74348 1.752749 1.586487 1.669618 1996.1247 9.16412 8.46844 4248.104 14.79228 -3.1477 -4.93572 4.513288 2.419964 1.183881 1.429258 505.8018 26.205 27.1668 1.879998 NaN 1.768233 1996.0413 9.20175 8.47554 4261.732 14.52787 -3.16539 -4.75831 4.510187 2.41221 1.206858 1.445162 503.2139 25.54667 26.9395 1.893678 NaN 1.893678 1995.958 9.24028 8.49002 4218.912 14.30429 -3.17307 -4.66059 4.450498 2.412111 1.233312 1.483705 509.1634 24.87 26.40773 1.797491 NaN 1.797491 1995.8747 9.27669 8.50607 4171.355 14.18164 -3.16038 -4.66801 4.409044 2.486902 1.251963 1.521736 518.0384 24.23 25.88576 1.718429 NaN 1.718429 1995.7913 9.30512 8.52509 4125.141 14.21651 -3.13986 -4.66902 4.446745 2.66123 1.256783 1.530114 525.0839 23.73333 25.77366 1.689218 NaN 1.689218 1995.708 9.31586 8.53737 4055.283 14.19911 -3.20411 -4.33712 4.42788 2.651574 1.272533 1.537534 534.8704 23.55 25.67488 1.693088 NaN 1.693088 1995.6247 9.32813 8.51991 4150.011 14.00147 -3.20077 -4.32954 4.527123 2.802838 1.267525 1.528634 529.7423 23.33333 25.79343 1.793396 NaN 1.793396 1995.5413 9.33674 8.51893 4212.607 14.09033 -2.79175 -4.37448 4.529789 2.709059 1.265027 1.516326 522.8069 23.18333 25.95859 1.85772 NaN 1.85772 1995.458 9.33528 8.53585 4147.161 14.29576 -2.46629 -4.40128 4.496779 2.518779 1.263279 1.494131 527.3285 23.21 26.26059 1.868854 NaN 1.868854 1995.3747 9.26575 8.55183 4024.63 15.00117 -2.36669 -4.57905 4.498497 2.435166 1.222838 1.431517 529.2172 24.43 27.15421 1.735036 NaN 1.735036 1995.2913 9.12219 8.54895 3959.16 16.20444 -2.54609 -4.96318 4.555399 2.555481 1.137828 1.332665 515.9154 26.94833 28.59487 1.690758 NaN 1.690758 1995.208 9.05421 8.53134 3984.395 16.57917 -3.22614 -5.14176 4.578542 2.710549 1.107197 1.295229 505.2854 28.14 29.17473 1.759876 NaN 1.759876