# Bermuda Coral Sr/Ca and d18O Data and SST Reconstruction 1781-1998 #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6115 # # Original_Source_URL: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/bermuda2008.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2008-10-01 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Bermuda - Sr/Ca and d18O Data and SST Reconstruction #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Goodkin, N.F.; Hughen, K.A.; Curry, W.B.; Doney, S.C.; Ostermann, D.R. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Records of past climate and ocean environment derived from stable isotope, trace metal, and other measurements made on corals and sclerosponges. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. Coral Sr/Ca and d18O data from a 225-year old Diploria labyrinthiformis colony collected on the south shore of Bermuda (64W, 32N), on the southeastern edge of the Bermuda platform, at 16 m water depth. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Goodkin, N.F.; Hughen, K.A.; Curry, W.B.; Doney, S.C.; Ostermann, D.R. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2008-07-08 # Published_Title: Sea surface temperature and salinity variability at Bermuda during the end of the Little Ice Age # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography # Volume: 23 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # DOI: 10.1029/2007PA001532 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Goodkin, N.F., K.A. Hughen, W.B. Curry, S.C. Doney, and D.R. Ostermann. 2008. Sea surface temperature and salinity variability at Bermuda during the end of the Little Ice Age. Paleoceanography, 23, PA3203, doi:10.1029/2007PA001532. # Abstract: We use geochemical and isotope measurements on a 225-year old brain coral (Diploria labyrinthiformis) from the south shore of Bermuda (64W, 32N) to construct a record of decadal-to-centennial-scale climate variability. The coral was collected alive, and annual density bands visible in X radiographs delineate cold and warm seasons allowing for precise dating. Coral skeletons incorporate strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) in relative proportions inversely to the sea surface temperature (SST) in which the skeleton is secreted. Previous studies on this and other coral colonies from this region document the ability to reconstruct mean annual andwintertime SST using Sr/Ca measurements (Goodkin et al., 2007, 2005). The coral-based records of SST for the past 2 centuries show abrupt shifts at both decadal and centennial timescales and suggest that SST at the end of the Little Ice Age (between 1840 and 1860) was 1.5C-0.4C colder than today (1990s). Coral-reconstructed SST has a greater magnitude change than does a gridded instrumental SST record from this region. This may result from several physical processes including high rates of mesoscale eddy propagation in this region. Oxygen isotope values (d18O) of the coral skeleton reflect changes in both temperature and the d18O of seawater (dOw),where dOw is proportional to sea surface salinity (SSS). We show in this study that mean annual and wintertime d18O of the carbonate (dOc) are correlated to both SST and SSS, but a robust, quantitative measure of SSS is not found with present calibration data. In combination, however, the Sr/Ca and dOc qualitatively reconstruct lower salinities at the end of the Little Ice Age relative to modern day. Temperature changes agree with other records from the Bermuda region. Radiative and atmospheric forcing may explain some of the SST variability, but the scales of implied changes in SST and SSS indicate large-scale ocean circulation impacts as well. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. National Science Foundation # Grant: OCE-0402728 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Bermuda # Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Bermuda # Country: Bermuda # Northernmost_Latitude: 32 # Southernmost_Latitude: 32 # Easternmost_Longitude: -64 # Westernmost_Longitude: -64 # Elevation: -16 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: 08berm01c # Earliest_Year: 1781 # Most_Recent_Year: 1998 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: Diploria labyrinthiformis # Common_Name: Brain Coral #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##age age, , ,years AD, , , , ,N ##d18O delta 18O,Diploria labyrinthiformis, ,permil PDB, ,Corals and Sclerosponges, ,instrument: isotope ratio mass spectrometer,N ##Sr/Ca Strontium/Calcium, Diploria labyrinthiformis, , mmol/mol, , Corals and Sclerosponges, ,instrument: inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry,N ##ext mean extension rate, Diploria labyrinthiformis, ,mm/yr, ,Corals and Sclerosponges, , smooth: 3 year running mean,N ##sst sea surface temperature, , ,degrees Celsius, ,Climate Reconstructions, , coral Sr/Ca,N ## #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: NAN # age d18O Sr/Ca ext sst 1998 -3.619 9.288 3.464 23.251 1997 -3.482 9.280 3.333 23.413 1996 -3.405 9.291 2.898 23.344 1995 -3.588 9.309 3.103 23.010 1994 -3.593 9.281 3.028 23.475 1993 -3.533 9.306 3.287 23.022 1992 -3.491 9.310 3.179 22.981 1991 -3.632 9.298 3.279 23.145 1990 -3.507 9.254 3.333 23.816 1989 -3.484 9.291 3.647 23.160 1988 -3.515 9.354 3.700 22.176 1987 -3.643 9.281 3.809 23.278 1986 -3.599 9.277 3.834 23.334 1985 -3.597 9.280 3.855 23.278 1984 -3.568 9.281 3.858 23.265 1983 -3.575 9.295 3.888 23.043 1982 -3.587 9.286 3.991 23.144 1981 -3.488 9.386 3.948 21.614 1980 -3.649 9.320 3.899 22.654 1979 -3.984 9.266 3.939 23.478 1978 -3.923 9.327 4.170 22.475 1977 -3.899 9.275 4.101 23.293 1976 -3.685 9.263 4.037 23.491 1975 -3.635 9.279 3.851 23.289 1974 -3.818 9.251 3.880 23.715 1973 -3.525 9.322 4.079 22.568 1972 -3.716 9.259 3.960 23.582 1971 -3.740 9.268 4.017 23.423 1970 -3.733 9.256 4.043 23.601 1969 -3.638 9.236 4.327 23.839 1968 -3.777 9.248 4.067 23.721 1967 -3.808 9.276 4.087 23.274 1966 -4.022 9.160 3.887 25.120 1965 -3.689 9.236 4.185 23.863 1964 -3.740 9.223 4.018 24.110 1963 -3.842 9.246 3.520 23.881 1962 -3.835 9.189 3.422 24.797 1961 -3.881 9.196 3.515 24.655 1960 -3.922 9.234 3.948 23.957 1959 -3.406 9.259 4.023 23.557 1958 -3.936 9.157 3.820 25.187 1957 -3.295 9.241 3.722 23.917 1956 -3.387 9.259 3.532 23.687 1955 -3.765 9.222 3.933 24.143 1954 -3.709 9.159 3.955 25.118 1953 -3.672 9.189 4.123 24.609 1952 -3.707 9.221 3.817 24.195 1951 -3.672 9.239 4.000 23.871 1950 -3.529 9.296 3.820 23.038 1949 -3.574 9.342 3.970 22.289 1948 -3.402 9.358 3.975 22.050 1947 -3.571 9.385 4.110 21.601 1946 -3.693 9.303 4.213 22.837 1945 -3.500 9.346 4.388 22.130 1944 -3.655 9.329 4.253 22.424 1943 -3.622 9.340 4.093 22.302 1942 -3.785 9.273 4.015 23.347 1941 -3.513 9.266 4.150 23.424 1940 -3.799 9.264 4.127 23.456 1939 -3.818 9.228 3.845 24.088 1938 -3.709 9.228 3.867 24.071 1937 -3.686 9.245 3.662 23.861 1936 -3.697 9.278 3.822 23.318 1935 -3.750 9.276 3.287 23.487 1934 -3.792 9.262 3.297 23.695 1933 -3.740 9.287 3.002 23.376 1932 -3.669 9.340 3.283 22.487 1931 -3.672 9.260 3.138 23.761 1930 -3.736 9.287 3.357 23.301 1929 -3.814 9.297 3.300 23.157 1928 -3.801 9.249 3.057 23.955 1927 -3.609 9.243 2.885 24.095 1926 -3.638 9.278 3.112 23.501 1925 -3.647 9.286 3.598 23.243 1924 -3.767 9.263 4.100 23.480 1923 -3.763 9.302 4.335 22.821 1922 -3.780 9.282 4.512 23.089 1921 -3.729 9.253 4.138 23.616 1920 -3.607 9.346 3.692 22.306 1919 -3.653 9.381 3.263 21.858 1918 -3.628 9.374 3.278 21.965 1917 -3.555 9.392 3.267 21.690 1916 -3.706 9.321 3.293 22.780 1915 -3.580 9.351 3.370 22.301 1914 -3.652 9.339 3.525 22.446 1913 -3.852 9.343 3.555 22.382 1912 -3.628 9.373 3.967 21.810 1911 -4.028 9.291 3.985 23.078 1910 -3.926 9.246 4.252 23.697 1909 -3.906 9.245 4.030 23.771 1908 -3.676 9.303 4.048 22.870 1907 -3.865 9.306 3.975 22.839 1906 -3.603 9.393 3.680 21.583 1905 -3.904 9.276 3.790 23.356 1904 -3.776 9.341 3.428 22.444 1903 -3.645 9.362 3.017 22.210 1902 -3.992 9.315 2.598 23.049 1901 -3.767 9.378 2.848 22.000 1900 -3.370 9.436 3.230 21.019 1899 -3.668 9.302 3.257 23.081 1898 -3.659 9.288 3.608 23.211 1897 -3.722 9.280 3.650 23.325 1896 -3.691 9.314 3.205 22.919 1895 -3.207 9.407 2.472 21.635 1894 -3.371 9.421 2.475 21.428 1893 -3.385 9.313 3.188 22.931 1892 -3.741 9.221 3.837 24.192 1891 -3.848 9.184 3.807 24.770 1890 -3.855 9.169 3.858 24.980 1889 -3.852 9.212 3.662 24.373 1888 -3.752 9.211 3.997 24.299 1887 -3.725 9.232 4.142 23.945 1886 -3.715 9.304 4.373 22.787 1885 -3.712 9.297 4.227 22.923 1884 -3.547 9.325 4.545 22.411 1883 -3.673 9.313 4.572 22.597 1882 -3.498 9.331 4.657 22.298 1881 -3.440 9.360 4.840 21.812 1880 -3.553 9.307 4.862 22.620 1879 -3.608 9.321 4.543 22.475 1878 -3.712 9.263 3.893 23.534 1877 -3.809 9.318 3.748 22.714 1876 -3.703 9.262 3.965 23.534 1875 -3.746 9.320 3.773 22.682 1874 -3.826 9.302 3.760 22.961 1873 -3.770 9.263 3.817 23.548 1872 -3.813 9.272 3.737 23.425 1871 -4.026 9.227 3.628 24.159 1870 -3.673 9.351 3.377 22.292 1869 -3.649 9.413 3.348 21.344 1868 -3.660 9.328 2.913 22.771 1867 -3.545 9.389 2.605 21.888 1866 -3.592 9.424 2.357 21.403 1865 -3.660 9.331 2.213 22.889 1864 -3.312 9.439 2.255 21.184 1863 -3.662 9.406 2.408 21.668 1862 -3.588 9.340 2.780 22.618 1861 -3.167 9.480 2.988 20.376 1860 -3.455 9.436 2.718 21.136 1859 -3.349 9.418 2.932 21.368 1858 -3.371 9.461 2.680 20.754 1857 -3.861 9.337 3.060 22.591 1856 -3.579 9.417 2.607 21.446 1855 -3.344 9.454 2.355 20.932 1854 -3.170 9.386 2.068 22.064 1853 -3.176 9.446 2.533 21.018 1852 -3.560 9.385 3.015 21.858 1851 -3.869 9.413 2.910 21.437 1850 -3.774 9.396 2.380 21.834 1849 -3.290 9.489 1.713 20.531 1848 -3.619 9.502 1.918 20.273 1847 -3.707 9.408 1.880 21.772 1846 -3.418 9.493 2.528 20.287 1845 -3.555 9.434 2.640 21.187 1844 -3.605 9.364 2.888 22.218 1843 -3.430 9.333 2.830 22.713 1842 -3.528 9.317 2.683 23.000 1841 -3.545 9.350 2.627 22.493 1840 -3.485 9.430 2.488 21.281 1839 -3.624 9.425 2.540 21.339 1838 -3.536 9.340 2.627 22.649 1837 -3.759 9.329 2.487 22.855 1836 -3.533 9.381 2.418 22.068 1835 -3.344 9.414 2.305 21.570 1834 -3.399 9.371 2.378 22.221 1833 -3.699 9.346 2.385 22.618 1832 -3.534 9.452 2.510 20.922 1831 -3.746 9.411 2.680 21.535 1830 -3.471 9.408 2.997 21.499 1829 -3.626 9.418 3.093 21.317 1828 -3.545 9.478 3.608 20.280 1827 -3.681 9.371 3.507 21.950 1826 -3.706 9.445 3.350 20.854 1825 -3.726 9.472 3.182 20.464 1824 -3.702 9.416 3.487 21.261 1823 -3.796 9.368 3.427 22.026 1822 -3.554 9.429 3.382 21.087 1821 -3.472 9.424 3.252 21.195 1820 -3.732 9.299 3.798 22.996 1819 -3.711 9.404 3.342 21.486 1818 -3.720 9.400 3.403 21.535 1817 -3.767 9.366 3.713 21.987 1816 -3.897 9.322 4.175 22.559 1815 -3.968 9.299 4.292 22.882 1814 -3.731 9.335 3.803 22.449 1813 -3.531 9.360 3.405 22.157 1812 -3.530 9.382 3.235 21.851 1811 -3.670 9.363 3.443 22.103 1810 -3.751 9.320 4.005 22.630 1809 -3.777 9.289 3.970 23.112 1808 -3.715 9.365 3.900 21.957 1807 -3.762 9.333 3.760 22.476 1806 -3.550 9.366 3.650 22.005 1805 -3.691 9.309 3.645 22.887 1804 -3.879 9.257 3.885 23.631 1803 -3.699 9.339 3.905 22.351 1802 -3.745 9.303 3.940 22.906 1801 -3.788 9.275 3.653 23.409 1800 -3.689 9.326 3.808 22.586 1799 -3.675 9.318 3.808 22.695 1798 -3.674 9.325 3.625 22.642 1797 -3.686 9.296 3.525 23.113 1796 -3.523 9.345 3.495 22.366 1795 -3.376 9.344 3.657 22.342 1794 -3.540 9.301 4.092 22.888 1793 -3.674 9.277 3.623 23.379 1792 -3.586 9.222 4.125 24.108 1791 -3.595 9.301 4.272 22.856 1790 -3.747 9.315 4.055 22.692 1789 -3.893 9.300 3.240 23.125 1788 -3.838 9.266 2.805 23.753 1787 -3.599 9.301 3.310 23.084 1786 -3.464 9.333 3.675 22.501 1785 -3.480 9.342 3.805 22.335 1784 -3.435 9.359 3.865 22.052 1783 -3.247 9.448 3.887 20.674 1782 -3.379 9.352 3.748 22.190 1781 -3.545 9.328 NAN NAN