# Bermuda Coral Sr/Ca and d18O Data and SST Reconstruction 1781-1998 #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6115 # # Original_Source_URL: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/bermuda2008.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2008-10-01 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Bermuda - Sr/Ca and d18O Data and SST Reconstruction #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Goodkin, N.F.; Hughen, K.A.; Curry, W.B.; Doney, S.C.; Ostermann, D.R. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Five-year smoothed winter records of Sr/Ca and sea surface temperature.Records of past climate and ocean environment derived from stable isotope, trace metal, and other measurements made on corals and sclerosponges. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. Coral Sr/Ca and d18O data from a 225-year old Diploria labyrinthiformis colony collected on the south shore of Bermuda (64W, 32N), on the southeastern edge of the Bermuda platform, at 16 m water depth. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Goodkin, N.F.; Hughen, K.A.; Curry, W.B.; Doney, S.C.; Ostermann, D.R. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2008-07-08 # Published_Title: Sea surface temperature and salinity variability at Bermuda during the end of the Little Ice Age # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography # Volume: 23 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # DOI: 10.1029/2007PA001532 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Goodkin, N.F., K.A. Hughen, W.B. Curry, S.C. Doney, and D.R. Ostermann. 2008. Sea surface temperature and salinity variability at Bermuda during the end of the Little Ice Age. Paleoceanography, 23, PA3203, doi:10.1029/2007PA001532. # Abstract: We use geochemical and isotope measurements on a 225-year old brain coral (Diploria labyrinthiformis) from the south shore of Bermuda (64W, 32N) to construct a record of decadal-to-centennial-scale climate variability. The coral was collected alive, and annual density bands visible in X radiographs delineate cold and warm seasons allowing for precise dating. Coral skeletons incorporate strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) in relative proportions inversely to the sea surface temperature (SST) in which the skeleton is secreted. Previous studies on this and other coral colonies from this region document the ability to reconstruct mean annual andwintertime SST using Sr/Ca measurements (Goodkin et al., 2007, 2005). The coral-based records of SST for the past 2 centuries show abrupt shifts at both decadal and centennial timescales and suggest that SST at the end of the Little Ice Age (between 1840 and 1860) was 1.5C-0.4C colder than today (1990s). Coral-reconstructed SST has a greater magnitude change than does a gridded instrumental SST record from this region. This may result from several physical processes including high rates of mesoscale eddy propagation in this region. Oxygen isotope values (d18O) of the coral skeleton reflect changes in both temperature and the d18O of seawater (dOw),where dOw is proportional to sea surface salinity (SSS). We show in this study that mean annual and wintertime d18O of the carbonate (dOc) are correlated to both SST and SSS, but a robust, quantitative measure of SSS is not found with present calibration data. In combination, however, the Sr/Ca and dOc qualitatively reconstruct lower salinities at the end of the Little Ice Age relative to modern day. Temperature changes agree with other records from the Bermuda region. Radiative and atmospheric forcing may explain some of the SST variability, but the scales of implied changes in SST and SSS indicate large-scale ocean circulation impacts as well. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. National Science Foundation # Grant: OCE-0402728 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Bermuda # Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Bermuda # Country: Bermuda # Northernmost_Latitude: 32 # Southernmost_Latitude: 32 # Easternmost_Longitude: -64 # Westernmost_Longitude: -64 # Elevation: -16 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: 08berm01a # Earliest_Year: 1787 # Most_Recent_Year: 1997 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: Diploria labyrinthiformis # Common_Name: Brain Coral #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##age age, , ,years AD, , , , ,N ##Sr/Ca Strontium/Calcium, Diploria labyrinthiformis, , mmol/mol, winter, Corals and Sclerosponges, , inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry,N ##sst Sea surface temperature, , ,degrees Celsius, winter, Climate Reconstructions, , coral Sr/Ca,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: NAN # age Sr/Ca sst 1997 9.365 20.329 1992 9.387 20.111 1987 9.403 19.944 1982 9.451 19.444 1977 9.395 20.020 1972 9.412 19.850 1967 9.321 20.786 1962 9.299 21.012 1957 9.344 20.551 1952 9.336 20.635 1947 9.426 19.709 1942 9.375 20.227 1937 9.346 20.530 1932 9.381 20.165 1927 9.389 20.087 1922 9.400 19.975 1917 9.466 19.288 1912 9.421 19.757 1907 9.455 19.406 1902 9.411 19.863 1897 9.431 19.653 1892 9.349 20.493 1887 9.414 19.829 1882 9.476 19.192 1877 9.413 19.841 1872 9.403 19.944 1867 9.445 19.511 1862 9.478 19.171 1857 9.531 18.629 1852 9.479 19.164 1847 9.515 18.789 1842 9.508 18.862 1837 9.494 19.010 1832 9.481 19.137 1827 9.517 18.770 1822 9.492 19.029 1817 9.468 19.271 1812 9.471 19.243 1807 9.476 19.190 1802 9.416 19.804 1797 9.450 19.454 1792 9.416 19.811 1787 9.412 19.850