# Koora Basin, Kenya Pleistocene Leaf Wax and Bulk Carbon Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/33674 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/africa/eastafrica/koora2021wax.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Data_Type: Paleolimnology # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-07-01 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-07-01 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Koora Basin, Kenya Pleistocene Leaf Wax and Bulk Carbon Isotope Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Lupien, R.L.; Russell, J.M.; Subramania, A.; Kinyanjui, R.; Beverly, E.J.; Uno, K.T.; deMenocal, P.; Dommain, R.; Potts, R. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: High-resolution carbon isotopes from plant waxes and bulk organic matter from the Koora Basin near Olorgesailie describing vegetation and environmental change since 1 Ma. # Provided Keywords: Human evolution, Paleoclimate, East Africa, Organic geochemistry, Biomarkers, Carbon isotope, vegetation #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Rachel L. Lupien, James M. Russell, Avinash Subramanian, Rahab Kinyanjui, Emily J. Beverly, Kevin T. Uno, Peter deMenocal, René Dommain, Richard Potts # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-08-01 # Published_Title: Eastern African environmental variation and its role in the evolution and cultural change of Homo over the last 1 million years # Journal_Name: Journal of Human Evolution # Volume: 157 # Edition: 103028 # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103028 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248421000804 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Characterizing eastern African environmental variability on orbital timescales is crucial to evaluating the hominin evolutionary response to past climate changes. However, there is a dearth of high-resolution, well-dated records of ecosystem dynamics from eastern Africa that cover long time intervals. In the last 1 Myr, there were significant anatomical and cultural developments in Homo, including the origin of Homo sapiens. There were also major changes in global climatic boundary conditions that may have affected eastern African environments, yet potential linkages remain poorly understood. We developed carbon isotopic records from plant waxes (d13Cwax) and bulk organic matter (d13COM) from a well-dated sediment core spanning the last ~1 Myr extracted from the Koora Basin, located south of the Olorgesailie Basin, in the southern Kenya rift. Our record characterizes the climatic and environmental context for evolutionary events and technological advances recorded in the adjacent Olorgesailie Basin, such as the transition from Acheulean to Middle Stone Age tools by 320 ka. A significant shift toward more C4-dominated ecosystems and arid conditions occurred near the end of the mid-Pleistocene Transition, which indicates a link between equatorial eastern African and high-latitude northern hemisphere climate. Environmental variability increases throughout the mid- to late-Pleistocene, superimposed by precession-paced packets of variability modulated by eccentricity. An interval of particularly high-amplitude climate and environmental variability occurred from ~275 ka to ~180 ka, synchronous with evidence for the first H. sapiens fossils in eastern Africa. These results support the 'variability selection hypothesis' that increased environmental variability selected for adaptable traits, behaviors, and technology in our hominin ancestors. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Peter Buck Fund for Human Origins Research # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Ruth and Vernon Taylor Foundation # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: William H. Donner Foundation # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: EAR 1826938 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Koora Basin # Location: Africa>Eastern Africa>Kenya # Northernmost_Latitude: -1.79 # Southernmost_Latitude: -1.79 # Easternmost_Longitude: 36.4 # Westernmost_Longitude: 36.4 # Elevation: 800 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Koora2021wax # First_Year: 1006020 # Last_Year: 83580 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: 139 # Notes: ODP-OLO12-1A #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mbs_wax depth,,,meter,,paleolimnology,,,N,meters below surface ## depth_zprime_wax depth,,,meter,,paleolimnology,,,N,corrected for variable depositional rates ## age_yr_wax age,,,calendar year before present,,paleolimnology,,,N, ## d13Cwax delta 13C,C28 n-alkanoic acid,,per mil VPDB,,paleolimnology,,gas chromatography; isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, # #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: # depth_mbs_wax depth_zprime_wax age_yr_wax d13Cwax 28.33 28.29 87950 -26.77 42.93 41.58 165131 -25.72 44.03 42.68 172963 -25.63 45.08 43.73 180469 -29.00 54.75 48.98 196564 -27.06 65.70 53.54 211377 -23.76 74.61 55.89 219970 -18.48 75.21 56.49 221676 -22.75 77.62 58.42 224501 -25.87 80.97 59.20 224801 -19.71 89.29 65.26 227073 -26.20 91.76 67.50 227318 -28.74 98.59 72.00 237473 -19.94 99.41 72.81 240673 -20.42 100.81 74.22 246134 -20.62 102.75 74.69 247261 -27.40 103.24 74.80 247312 -32.91 104.25 75.23 247516 -26.03 107.35 76.78 257067 -25.07 107.50 76.93 264090 -23.13 108.60 77.98 270237 -27.27 109.42 78.80 274238 -25.61 110.50 79.88 279435 -26.87 111.37 80.75 283520 -26.23 112.80 82.18 290807 -26.16 115.82 85.04 310587 -29.05 117.20 86.40 315810 -27.70 117.23 86.42 315892 -30.46 118.51 87.70 321468 -22.87 118.94 88.13 329860 -24.35 121.57 90.76 339504 -34.54 125.05 94.24 371089 -22.86 129.35 98.46 394825 -26.16 132.18 101.29 411814 -29.38 133.64 102.75 442352 -28.33 134.79 103.90 473914 -21.10 134.91 104.02 476221 -20.82 135.37 104.48 483812 -29.41 136.27 105.38 498798 -25.74 136.52 105.63 503497 -27.42 136.64 105.75 505614 -29.29 137.46 106.56 521715 -28.63 137.81 106.86 527631 -27.24 139.51 108.57 561609 -29.57 140.88 109.94 596098 -27.27 141.58 110.63 608964 -22.81 142.38 111.43 621929 -26.58 143.23 112.28 640117 -25.57 143.59 112.65 646847 -21.16 143.79 112.85 649039 -23.15 144.19 113.24 653070 -27.11 145.08 114.14 662489 -22.70 145.55 114.61 667358 -23.54 148.03 117.09 700079 -20.11 148.85 117.90 707357 -24.22 153.25 121.82 780145 -26.47 157.46 126.03 895009 -30.28 160.11 128.69 968196 -26.92 161.37 129.94 998646 -26.99