North Atlantic Oscillation Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: North Atlantic Oscillation Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 5/2006 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Oliver Timm, Eberhard Ruprecht, and Sabine Kleppek IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2006-055 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Timm, O., et al. 2006. North Atlantic Oscillation Reconstruction. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2006-055. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Timm, O., E. Ruprecht, and S. Kleppek. 2004. Scale-Dependent Reconstruction of the NAO Index. Journal of Climate, Vol. 17, pp. 2157-2169. ABSTRACT: A method is presented to reconstruct decadal variations of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The spectral characteristics of the NAO on time scales of decades and longer are of particular interest for the understanding of North Atlantic ocean–atmosphere interactions. The reconstruction is based on a transfer model calibration that uses bandpass-filtered time series. The maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) is applied for decomposing the time series variance into different time scales. A total of 43 proxies, including Greenland ice cores and European tree-ring chronologies, are selected and regionally grouped providing four independent reconstructions for the period 1700–1978. The mean reconstruction agrees well with two recently published reconstructions during most of the time period. However, there are considerable differences in the earliest part before 1750. Running correlations between the reconstructions indicate that time-dependent relations exist among the different NAO reconstructions. The results suggest that the geographical distribution of proxies strongly affects the reconstruction and could explain some of the apparent discrepancies among the reconstructions recently published in literature. In the early eighteenth century, external forcing (solar, volcanic) seems to mask the NAO signature within the proxies. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: North Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 1700–1978 AD FUNDING SOURCE: German Research Foundation, as a contribution to the Sonderforschungsbereich 460 "Dynamics of Thermohaline Circulation Variability" at the University Kiel. DESCRIPTION: The data are those shown in figure 4 of Timm et al. (2004). They show the decadal-scale variability in the period range of 8-16 years. The correlation statistics (with the wintertime index of Jones et. al (1997) are given in Table one of Timm et al. (2004). Unless there is specific interest in regional climate variablility, it is recommended to use the R1a and R1b reconstructions: R1a is calibrated over the years 1902-1978 to the Jones NAO (Dec-Jan-Feb-Mar) index. R1b is calibrated over the years 1825-1901 to the Jones NAO (Dec-Jan-Feb-Mar) index. GRa/GRb are regional reconstructions from Greenland icecores SCa/Scb are regional reconstructions from Scandinavian tree ring widths BBa/BBb are regional reconstructions from Britain/Belgium tree ring widths SPa/SPb are regional reconstructions from Spanish tree ring widths Additional information about the reconstruction and proxy data is presented in the Dissertation: Timm, O., 2003(December): Decadal to Interdecadal Variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation: A Paleoclimatic Index Reconstruction, Institut fuer Meereskunde an der Universitaet zu Kiel, Germany. http://e-diss.uni-kiel.de/diss_932/d932.pdf#search='oliver%20timm%20dissertation%20kiel' DATA: Year R1a R1b GRa Grb SCa SCb BBa BBb SPa SPb 1700 -0.070 -0.075 -0.159 -0.144 0.136 -0.132 0.057 0.156 -0.157 -0.030 1701 0.260 0.038 0.046 -0.066 0.434 -0.019 0.008 0.170 -0.029 -0.007 1702 0.516 0.159 0.204 0.012 0.557 0.099 -0.050 0.124 0.200 0.085 1703 0.593 0.228 0.270 0.082 0.490 0.168 -0.087 0.050 0.374 0.159 1704 0.432 0.180 0.229 0.110 0.268 0.145 -0.104 -0.028 0.371 0.135 1705 0.157 0.063 0.162 0.158 0.005 0.038 -0.103 -0.099 0.213 0.030 1706 -0.132 -0.066 0.110 0.204 -0.204 -0.083 -0.073 -0.114 -0.067 -0.140 1707 -0.351 -0.175 0.050 0.175 -0.325 -0.177 -0.028 -0.079 -0.317 -0.271 1708 -0.409 -0.192 0.004 0.110 -0.345 -0.200 0.037 -0.007 -0.420 -0.290 1709 -0.346 -0.158 -0.081 -0.043 -0.265 -0.151 0.118 0.097 -0.383 -0.222 1710 -0.202 -0.105 -0.200 -0.232 -0.109 -0.060 0.179 0.164 -0.228 -0.083 1711 -0.020 -0.023 -0.256 -0.310 0.071 0.047 0.202 0.166 -0.054 0.051 1712 0.121 0.034 -0.256 -0.306 0.219 0.123 0.173 0.105 0.078 0.147 1713 0.216 0.100 -0.160 -0.165 0.280 0.151 0.093 -0.007 0.170 0.222 1714 0.227 0.156 0.009 0.052 0.218 0.122 -0.015 -0.107 0.188 0.248 1715 0.139 0.156 0.128 0.181 0.082 0.046 -0.119 -0.153 0.153 0.240 1716 0.015 0.124 0.198 0.245 -0.057 -0.031 -0.190 -0.141 0.076 0.177 1717 -0.132 0.036 0.183 0.196 -0.166 -0.083 -0.215 -0.091 -0.035 0.051 1718 -0.210 -0.057 0.100 0.083 -0.198 -0.090 -0.183 -0.041 -0.090 -0.068 1719 -0.168 -0.101 0.037 0.018 -0.180 -0.049 -0.104 -0.025 -0.050 -0.148 1720 -0.069 -0.114 -0.022 -0.038 -0.166 -0.004 -0.010 -0.038 0.076 -0.149 1721 0.078 -0.077 -0.043 -0.053 -0.130 0.026 0.076 -0.049 0.235 -0.079 1722 0.184 -0.031 -0.024 -0.044 -0.083 0.037 0.127 -0.031 0.306 -0.025 1723 0.198 -0.001 -0.004 -0.045 -0.010 0.026 0.136 0.039 0.227 -0.022 1724 0.171 0.038 0.040 -0.011 0.116 0.017 0.116 0.144 0.030 -0.074 1725 0.098 0.069 0.063 0.028 0.217 0.022 0.082 0.226 -0.189 -0.138 1726 0.009 0.082 0.049 0.052 0.254 0.009 0.034 0.235 -0.321 -0.130 1727 -0.080 0.055 0.004 0.043 0.209 -0.027 -0.030 0.144 -0.325 -0.048 1728 -0.197 -0.037 -0.075 -0.020 0.068 -0.077 -0.102 -0.031 -0.239 0.053 1729 -0.297 -0.158 -0.125 -0.085 -0.087 -0.141 -0.170 -0.213 -0.142 0.121 1730 -0.340 -0.244 -0.134 -0.122 -0.185 -0.147 -0.190 -0.319 -0.092 0.098 1731 -0.279 -0.219 -0.092 -0.099 -0.203 -0.068 -0.129 -0.300 -0.068 0.026 1732 -0.091 -0.061 -0.010 -0.018 -0.124 0.064 0.005 -0.155 -0.031 -0.014 1733 0.154 0.163 0.035 0.046 0.025 0.230 0.170 0.050 0.042 0.001 1734 0.384 0.362 0.063 0.090 0.161 0.332 0.288 0.229 0.165 0.077 1735 0.499 0.431 0.047 0.082 0.258 0.316 0.302 0.320 0.275 0.149 1736 0.445 0.334 -0.001 0.029 0.277 0.209 0.195 0.292 0.315 0.142 1737 0.261 0.127 -0.014 -0.005 0.179 0.028 0.012 0.169 0.285 0.063 1738 0.002 -0.115 -0.027 -0.043 0.033 -0.132 -0.170 0.000 0.166 -0.058 1739 -0.243 -0.308 -0.016 -0.068 -0.130 -0.225 -0.287 -0.160 0.003 -0.169 1740 -0.384 -0.391 0.016 -0.073 -0.255 -0.258 -0.300 -0.259 -0.139 -0.198 1741 -0.392 -0.347 0.035 -0.062 -0.255 -0.216 -0.222 -0.271 -0.250 -0.149 1742 -0.282 -0.220 0.064 -0.012 -0.184 -0.167 -0.093 -0.205 -0.285 -0.060 1743 -0.089 -0.036 0.098 0.080 -0.063 -0.116 0.043 -0.086 -0.235 0.050 1744 0.099 0.133 0.125 0.187 0.049 -0.057 0.145 0.038 -0.145 0.100 1745 0.194 0.193 0.118 0.225 0.056 -0.030 0.185 0.115 -0.016 0.079 1746 0.191 0.172 0.068 0.177 -0.002 0.004 0.158 0.138 0.113 0.027 1747 0.088 0.067 -0.035 0.035 -0.111 0.032 0.088 0.109 0.214 -0.042 1748 -0.039 -0.052 -0.166 -0.162 -0.207 0.042 0.011 0.058 0.293 -0.042 1749 -0.098 -0.073 -0.241 -0.277 -0.210 0.065 -0.031 0.030 0.309 0.035 1750 -0.075 -0.023 -0.241 -0.290 -0.125 0.089 -0.012 0.028 0.245 0.127 1751 0.013 0.080 -0.156 -0.195 0.032 0.108 0.043 0.054 0.105 0.194 1752 0.104 0.171 -0.006 -0.025 0.199 0.129 0.092 0.089 -0.103 0.152 1753 0.135 0.180 0.120 0.108 0.323 0.147 0.095 0.094 -0.299 0.012 1754 0.082 0.109 0.179 0.170 0.349 0.135 0.032 0.063 -0.416 -0.149 1755 -0.024 -0.001 0.182 0.172 0.276 0.107 -0.071 -0.007 -0.430 -0.273 1756 -0.130 -0.106 0.123 0.121 0.145 0.054 -0.160 -0.101 -0.339 -0.287 1757 -0.205 -0.178 0.056 0.068 -0.021 -0.048 -0.193 -0.174 -0.203 -0.203 1758 -0.195 -0.183 0.026 0.044 -0.128 -0.131 -0.166 -0.204 -0.075 -0.076 1759 -0.113 -0.151 -0.007 0.008 -0.155 -0.199 -0.090 -0.175 0.053 0.063 1760 0.006 -0.095 -0.028 -0.031 -0.128 -0.229 -0.014 -0.094 0.181 0.163 1761 0.141 -0.015 -0.059 -0.083 -0.043 -0.167 0.029 -0.008 0.322 0.228 1762 0.237 0.044 -0.120 -0.147 0.021 -0.088 0.054 0.062 0.464 0.262 1763 0.274 0.095 -0.150 -0.163 0.042 0.007 0.065 0.103 0.528 0.245 1764 0.273 0.136 -0.139 -0.119 0.054 0.100 0.090 0.113 0.477 0.179 1765 0.226 0.143 -0.071 -0.023 0.031 0.129 0.140 0.124 0.299 0.056 1766 0.129 0.128 0.044 0.094 -0.010 0.137 0.169 0.130 0.025 -0.104 1767 0.003 0.093 0.159 0.192 -0.063 0.121 0.160 0.117 -0.251 -0.243 1768 -0.171 0.023 0.221 0.219 -0.150 0.073 0.091 0.081 -0.464 -0.325 1769 -0.338 -0.044 0.206 0.180 -0.219 0.035 -0.022 0.013 -0.562 -0.316 1770 -0.414 -0.087 0.119 0.099 -0.220 0.004 -0.119 -0.061 -0.511 -0.216 1771 -0.390 -0.122 -0.035 -0.042 -0.137 -0.019 -0.175 -0.116 -0.342 -0.068 1772 -0.247 -0.113 -0.180 -0.158 0.010 -0.024 -0.180 -0.139 -0.086 0.093 1773 -0.048 -0.084 -0.267 -0.234 0.151 -0.027 -0.152 -0.133 0.183 0.225 1774 0.106 -0.062 -0.276 -0.262 0.220 -0.048 -0.125 -0.112 0.367 0.297 1775 0.196 -0.016 -0.164 -0.175 0.186 -0.079 -0.091 -0.076 0.415 0.297 1776 0.215 0.019 -0.002 -0.062 0.111 -0.095 -0.028 -0.017 0.299 0.214 1777 0.193 0.042 0.148 0.051 0.047 -0.095 0.069 0.059 0.078 0.070 1778 0.183 0.076 0.262 0.165 0.018 -0.053 0.183 0.140 -0.140 -0.100 1779 0.180 0.089 0.280 0.206 0.042 0.019 0.261 0.187 -0.266 -0.232 1780 0.149 0.087 0.230 0.226 0.036 0.056 0.241 0.165 -0.244 -0.271 1781 0.075 0.076 0.146 0.222 -0.011 0.070 0.120 0.077 -0.122 -0.217 1782 -0.052 0.016 0.007 0.128 -0.073 0.039 -0.056 -0.052 0.031 -0.082 1783 -0.197 -0.067 -0.134 -0.009 -0.142 -0.018 -0.217 -0.170 0.145 0.061 1784 -0.278 -0.139 -0.241 -0.172 -0.136 -0.028 -0.285 -0.228 0.171 0.147 1785 -0.258 -0.181 -0.299 -0.308 -0.074 -0.014 -0.238 -0.210 0.154 0.170 1786 -0.144 -0.131 -0.247 -0.303 0.003 0.029 -0.106 -0.112 0.097 0.124 1787 0.018 -0.010 -0.122 -0.183 0.079 0.085 0.060 0.029 0.014 0.048 1788 0.145 0.121 0.023 -0.001 0.094 0.088 0.197 0.168 -0.057 -0.013 1789 0.191 0.224 0.145 0.170 0.078 0.069 0.269 0.272 -0.155 -0.060 1790 0.165 0.226 0.193 0.227 0.050 0.023 0.263 0.287 -0.215 -0.081 1791 0.111 0.149 0.193 0.196 0.012 -0.031 0.188 0.212 -0.197 -0.079 1792 0.044 0.028 0.146 0.098 -0.013 -0.049 0.075 0.077 -0.131 -0.071 1793 -0.008 -0.103 0.069 -0.020 -0.043 -0.052 -0.050 -0.088 0.009 -0.048 1794 -0.046 -0.169 -0.015 -0.094 -0.055 -0.020 -0.149 -0.207 0.138 -0.020 1795 -0.099 -0.187 -0.130 -0.151 -0.042 0.014 -0.208 -0.245 0.206 0.005 1796 -0.108 -0.144 -0.196 -0.136 -0.017 0.021 -0.223 -0.209 0.245 0.034 1797 -0.077 -0.049 -0.186 -0.054 0.021 0.020 -0.193 -0.113 0.221 0.049 1798 -0.038 0.014 -0.118 0.034 0.012 -0.039 -0.144 -0.022 0.181 0.055 1799 0.039 0.068 0.035 0.143 -0.033 -0.099 -0.074 0.036 0.141 0.056 1800 0.074 0.077 0.159 0.173 -0.077 -0.115 0.007 0.058 0.042 0.038 1801 0.059 0.037 0.192 0.105 -0.099 -0.108 0.080 0.054 -0.068 0.023 1802 0.062 0.040 0.183 0.030 -0.042 -0.014 0.145 0.057 -0.176 0.007 1803 0.027 0.043 0.098 -0.057 0.054 0.098 0.166 0.064 -0.271 -0.018 1804 0.008 0.054 0.019 -0.077 0.125 0.150 0.141 0.065 -0.270 -0.030 1805 0.002 0.068 -0.002 -0.016 0.135 0.147 0.083 0.049 -0.213 -0.043 1806 -0.069 0.002 -0.050 0.004 0.064 0.046 0.008 0.001 -0.144 -0.046 1807 -0.120 -0.081 -0.081 0.000 -0.029 -0.092 -0.041 -0.050 -0.059 -0.021 1808 -0.159 -0.148 -0.126 -0.057 -0.085 -0.178 -0.054 -0.079 -0.015 0.015 1809 -0.160 -0.171 -0.190 -0.154 -0.061 -0.170 -0.041 -0.070 0.010 0.051 1810 -0.055 -0.090 -0.175 -0.166 0.026 -0.062 -0.012 -0.025 0.063 0.070 1811 0.066 0.024 -0.120 -0.128 0.110 0.094 0.010 0.032 0.117 0.051 1812 0.185 0.136 -0.020 -0.033 0.160 0.232 0.022 0.073 0.166 0.001 1813 0.253 0.194 0.102 0.096 0.124 0.258 0.028 0.083 0.193 -0.047 1814 0.209 0.160 0.164 0.160 0.025 0.165 0.024 0.071 0.156 -0.075 1815 0.111 0.076 0.189 0.187 -0.075 -0.004 0.005 0.041 0.076 -0.071 1816 -0.036 -0.048 0.149 0.151 -0.182 -0.210 -0.023 0.005 -0.007 -0.043 1817 -0.182 -0.162 0.047 0.051 -0.234 -0.329 -0.061 -0.026 -0.073 -0.022 1818 -0.258 -0.204 -0.050 -0.034 -0.224 -0.312 -0.086 -0.057 -0.096 -0.008 1819 -0.270 -0.170 -0.145 -0.111 -0.188 -0.165 -0.072 -0.071 -0.071 0.004 1820 -0.184 -0.040 -0.176 -0.134 -0.087 0.086 -0.037 -0.059 -0.025 0.026 1821 -0.018 0.147 -0.104 -0.070 0.041 0.330 0.013 -0.034 0.018 0.069 1822 0.155 0.293 0.009 0.008 0.157 0.473 0.054 -0.003 0.053 0.111 1823 0.298 0.347 0.153 0.099 0.256 0.459 0.055 0.011 0.061 0.130 1824 0.361 0.285 0.267 0.175 0.284 0.298 0.043 -0.007 0.044 0.107 1825 0.308 0.108 0.271 0.174 0.220 0.032 0.022 -0.032 0.030 0.042 1826 0.176 -0.093 0.203 0.146 0.103 -0.252 0.000 -0.043 0.006 -0.039 1827 -0.009 -0.270 0.051 0.060 -0.035 -0.449 -0.003 -0.035 -0.029 -0.118 1828 -0.222 -0.402 -0.161 -0.097 -0.158 -0.540 -0.009 -0.001 -0.063 -0.172 1829 -0.378 -0.438 -0.335 -0.248 -0.192 -0.477 -0.013 0.035 -0.127 -0.191 1830 -0.441 -0.385 -0.438 -0.368 -0.151 -0.290 0.000 0.052 -0.189 -0.170 1831 -0.376 -0.230 -0.408 -0.372 -0.077 -0.067 0.013 0.072 -0.192 -0.096 1832 -0.166 0.018 -0.220 -0.216 0.023 0.154 0.036 0.082 -0.132 0.016 1833 0.103 0.276 0.055 0.040 0.069 0.284 0.049 0.087 0.009 0.144 1834 0.337 0.458 0.309 0.284 0.061 0.310 0.031 0.088 0.194 0.240 1835 0.456 0.481 0.445 0.400 0.039 0.258 0.002 0.054 0.319 0.255 1836 0.407 0.342 0.411 0.345 0.005 0.160 -0.034 0.005 0.338 0.177 1837 0.224 0.096 0.207 0.127 0.008 0.081 -0.054 -0.042 0.236 0.027 1838 -0.006 -0.140 -0.040 -0.098 0.039 0.027 -0.044 -0.082 0.035 -0.128 1839 -0.211 -0.269 -0.234 -0.234 0.061 0.011 -0.029 -0.086 -0.171 -0.232 1840 -0.326 -0.281 -0.324 -0.253 0.060 0.009 -0.012 -0.078 -0.299 -0.244 1841 -0.316 -0.184 -0.249 -0.126 0.015 -0.007 -0.013 -0.077 -0.312 -0.162 1842 -0.236 -0.066 -0.099 0.017 -0.066 -0.033 -0.034 -0.074 -0.217 -0.043 1843 -0.115 0.012 0.055 0.115 -0.157 -0.090 -0.047 -0.077 -0.054 0.076 1844 -0.009 0.043 0.174 0.157 -0.227 -0.151 -0.049 -0.063 0.085 0.143 1845 0.048 0.031 0.190 0.117 -0.240 -0.180 -0.023 -0.014 0.157 0.140 1846 0.098 0.038 0.140 0.068 -0.175 -0.153 0.034 0.050 0.174 0.111 1847 0.152 0.088 0.069 0.034 -0.030 -0.042 0.086 0.111 0.143 0.075 1848 0.227 0.170 0.010 0.020 0.152 0.118 0.122 0.146 0.116 0.059 1849 0.287 0.227 -0.011 0.022 0.296 0.244 0.122 0.131 0.099 0.060 1850 0.259 0.190 -0.009 0.000 0.344 0.273 0.070 0.080 0.053 0.030 1851 0.129 0.049 -0.010 -0.051 0.266 0.171 0.003 0.018 -0.031 -0.040 1852 -0.093 -0.163 -0.045 -0.123 0.099 -0.027 -0.065 -0.036 -0.153 -0.141 1853 -0.296 -0.330 -0.101 -0.181 -0.059 -0.194 -0.118 -0.071 -0.245 -0.218 1854 -0.374 -0.356 -0.145 -0.170 -0.149 -0.258 -0.123 -0.076 -0.244 -0.213 1855 -0.309 -0.237 -0.163 -0.100 -0.151 -0.198 -0.099 -0.070 -0.133 -0.110 1856 -0.111 -0.009 -0.125 0.015 -0.079 -0.036 -0.051 -0.055 0.059 0.058 1857 0.091 0.198 -0.041 0.124 -0.024 0.096 0.017 -0.026 0.208 0.204 1858 0.194 0.274 0.039 0.147 -0.023 0.137 0.073 0.001 0.253 0.266 1859 0.203 0.222 0.115 0.103 -0.047 0.101 0.115 0.027 0.176 0.214 1860 0.115 0.062 0.162 0.016 -0.102 -0.009 0.139 0.046 0.004 0.070 1861 0.020 -0.107 0.152 -0.076 -0.114 -0.092 0.131 0.044 -0.133 -0.091 1862 -0.021 -0.182 0.116 -0.093 -0.056 -0.098 0.102 0.035 -0.199 -0.210 1863 -0.046 -0.166 0.047 -0.048 0.005 -0.065 0.048 0.019 -0.180 -0.240 1864 -0.042 -0.066 -0.041 0.020 0.084 0.019 -0.028 -0.001 -0.089 -0.172 1865 -0.031 0.066 -0.088 0.107 0.143 0.097 -0.107 -0.021 -0.003 -0.050 1866 -0.021 0.150 -0.082 0.155 0.144 0.122 -0.177 -0.054 0.078 0.080 1867 0.018 0.163 -0.044 0.133 0.146 0.114 -0.215 -0.082 0.144 0.163 1868 0.070 0.114 0.022 0.086 0.128 0.068 -0.207 -0.099 0.181 0.173 1869 0.096 0.022 0.053 -0.007 0.069 0.003 -0.149 -0.086 0.197 0.135 1870 0.072 -0.054 0.021 -0.113 0.002 -0.047 -0.049 -0.026 0.153 0.078 1871 0.022 -0.056 -0.014 -0.146 -0.082 -0.062 0.073 0.054 0.062 0.042 1872 -0.032 -0.014 -0.047 -0.143 -0.161 -0.058 0.194 0.139 -0.044 0.034 1873 -0.047 0.047 -0.039 -0.076 -0.170 -0.040 0.264 0.190 -0.138 0.020 1874 -0.006 0.085 0.022 0.038 -0.126 -0.021 0.259 0.176 -0.166 -0.022 1875 0.010 0.021 0.047 0.079 -0.061 -0.041 0.171 0.114 -0.140 -0.111 1876 -0.023 -0.095 0.031 0.070 0.011 -0.059 0.020 0.013 -0.102 -0.214 1877 -0.104 -0.204 -0.029 0.004 0.029 -0.054 -0.121 -0.084 -0.062 -0.276 1878 -0.215 -0.268 -0.117 -0.105 0.002 -0.034 -0.206 -0.142 -0.059 -0.259 1879 -0.251 -0.205 -0.135 -0.137 -0.021 0.030 -0.205 -0.154 -0.082 -0.152 1880 -0.183 -0.062 -0.080 -0.099 -0.039 0.081 -0.124 -0.117 -0.080 0.010 1881 -0.037 0.102 0.030 0.000 -0.013 0.090 -0.021 -0.050 -0.060 0.164 1882 0.150 0.244 0.152 0.134 0.040 0.076 0.068 0.014 0.006 0.267 1883 0.278 0.287 0.198 0.207 0.077 0.026 0.109 0.052 0.106 0.292 1884 0.314 0.248 0.161 0.206 0.106 -0.009 0.105 0.059 0.184 0.242 1885 0.247 0.141 0.048 0.125 0.092 -0.023 0.068 0.030 0.228 0.151 1886 0.098 -0.007 -0.089 -0.008 0.055 -0.040 0.010 -0.010 0.197 0.045 1887 -0.041 -0.121 -0.167 -0.118 0.025 -0.048 -0.039 -0.028 0.109 -0.048 1888 -0.150 -0.196 -0.173 -0.186 -0.020 -0.070 -0.079 -0.033 0.009 -0.105 1889 -0.165 -0.195 -0.082 -0.165 -0.049 -0.080 -0.092 -0.013 -0.069 -0.134 1890 -0.091 -0.133 0.055 -0.084 -0.075 -0.053 -0.062 0.011 -0.079 -0.141 1891 -0.016 -0.059 0.147 0.003 -0.107 0.001 -0.015 0.014 -0.053 -0.137 1892 0.061 0.026 0.174 0.077 -0.101 0.081 0.045 0.017 -0.010 -0.123 1893 0.081 0.083 0.093 0.085 -0.065 0.146 0.096 0.017 0.019 -0.081 1894 0.052 0.129 -0.033 0.063 0.010 0.175 0.102 0.028 0.013 -0.005 1895 0.039 0.159 -0.125 0.031 0.103 0.142 0.086 0.052 0.004 0.096 1896 0.012 0.138 -0.161 -0.006 0.165 0.056 0.046 0.052 -0.029 0.175 1897 -0.021 0.068 -0.109 -0.021 0.171 -0.051 -0.012 0.024 -0.086 0.185 1898 -0.090 -0.076 -0.054 -0.071 0.115 -0.156 -0.056 -0.034 -0.162 0.108 1899 -0.197 -0.219 -0.031 -0.116 0.031 -0.193 -0.098 -0.098 -0.250 -0.034 1900 -0.267 -0.284 -0.033 -0.135 -0.054 -0.161 -0.115 -0.112 -0.270 -0.162 1901 -0.248 -0.236 -0.062 -0.114 -0.109 -0.080 -0.086 -0.067 -0.179 -0.215 1902 -0.088 -0.057 -0.018 0.009 -0.127 0.017 -0.032 0.027 0.022 -0.167 1903 0.158 0.150 0.090 0.159 -0.125 0.058 0.042 0.126 0.272 -0.042 1904 0.366 0.283 0.201 0.271 -0.089 0.054 0.092 0.161 0.441 0.084 1905 0.443 0.293 0.282 0.297 -0.032 0.021 0.085 0.118 0.447 0.153 1906 0.320 0.171 0.242 0.195 0.026 -0.001 0.031 0.014 0.265 0.137 1907 0.053 0.002 0.091 0.017 0.071 0.033 -0.037 -0.098 -0.032 0.052 1908 -0.203 -0.124 -0.066 -0.141 0.071 0.084 -0.071 -0.149 -0.292 -0.043 1909 -0.336 -0.149 -0.175 -0.217 0.038 0.133 -0.045 -0.127 -0.411 -0.090 1910 -0.275 -0.084 -0.183 -0.196 0.006 0.137 0.026 -0.048 -0.335 -0.062 1911 -0.047 0.019 -0.086 -0.094 0.010 0.072 0.093 0.033 -0.101 0.028 1912 0.184 0.088 0.008 -0.005 0.062 -0.012 0.110 0.068 0.145 0.125 1913 0.287 0.067 0.040 0.019 0.103 -0.103 0.067 0.055 0.297 0.165 1914 0.205 -0.020 0.010 -0.001 0.077 -0.170 -0.025 0.004 0.300 0.126 1915 -0.052 -0.130 -0.084 -0.059 -0.045 -0.180 -0.118 -0.042 0.155 0.020 1916 -0.336 -0.204 -0.150 -0.086 -0.249 -0.175 -0.168 -0.054 -0.025 -0.095 1917 -0.485 -0.189 -0.147 -0.055 -0.402 -0.130 -0.165 -0.038 -0.143 -0.158 1918 -0.450 -0.113 -0.109 -0.019 -0.409 -0.051 -0.096 0.003 -0.180 -0.160 1919 -0.223 -0.004 -0.031 0.027 -0.240 0.025 0.009 0.047 -0.132 -0.107 1920 0.106 0.103 0.033 0.046 0.087 0.128 0.113 0.072 -0.048 -0.038 1921 0.363 0.153 0.064 0.032 0.391 0.187 0.192 0.086 -0.005 0.002 1922 0.506 0.176 0.113 0.059 0.554 0.184 0.211 0.082 0.015 0.030 1923 0.498 0.172 0.144 0.089 0.533 0.145 0.174 0.062 0.029 0.050 1924 0.342 0.131 0.170 0.129 0.310 0.037 0.102 0.038 0.021 0.061 1925 0.164 0.103 0.189 0.173 0.053 -0.042 0.016 -0.001 0.032 0.077 1926 -0.023 0.048 0.144 0.142 -0.159 -0.073 -0.056 -0.041 0.030 0.070 1927 -0.173 -0.016 0.087 0.089 -0.275 -0.072 -0.109 -0.078 -0.008 0.029 1928 -0.238 -0.057 0.007 0.012 -0.248 -0.007 -0.150 -0.108 -0.030 -0.011 1929 -0.270 -0.111 -0.089 -0.097 -0.181 0.031 -0.172 -0.114 -0.036 -0.043 1930 -0.254 -0.140 -0.163 -0.173 -0.101 0.038 -0.172 -0.097 -0.013 -0.050 1931 -0.206 -0.148 -0.239 -0.237 -0.022 0.031 -0.137 -0.062 0.033 -0.030 1932 -0.148 -0.143 -0.264 -0.248 0.008 -0.011 -0.056 -0.011 0.051 -0.018 1933 -0.064 -0.095 -0.219 -0.181 0.040 -0.024 0.041 0.037 0.025 -0.025 1934 0.051 -0.011 -0.099 -0.049 0.082 -0.009 0.117 0.066 -0.009 -0.029 1935 0.174 0.098 0.085 0.125 0.098 0.014 0.142 0.076 -0.017 -0.018 1936 0.254 0.182 0.230 0.245 0.097 0.037 0.098 0.063 0.024 0.021 1937 0.258 0.205 0.289 0.277 0.047 0.017 0.019 0.035 0.100 0.083 1938 0.145 0.141 0.235 0.199 -0.064 -0.047 -0.035 0.023 0.120 0.109 1939 -0.037 -0.001 0.085 0.030 -0.173 -0.130 -0.039 0.015 0.062 0.084 1940 -0.180 -0.130 -0.040 -0.098 -0.239 -0.192 0.015 0.012 -0.054 0.017 1941 -0.239 -0.204 -0.104 -0.162 -0.227 -0.195 0.087 0.012 -0.178 -0.064 1942 -0.176 -0.200 -0.109 -0.164 -0.114 -0.124 0.109 -0.015 -0.198 -0.099 1943 -0.057 -0.117 -0.068 -0.092 0.036 -0.007 0.066 -0.048 -0.135 -0.089 1944 0.019 -0.038 -0.071 -0.061 0.163 0.103 -0.020 -0.068 -0.038 -0.050 1945 0.031 0.010 -0.115 -0.070 0.230 0.175 -0.109 -0.073 0.050 -0.014 1946 -0.001 0.045 -0.127 -0.050 0.206 0.190 -0.131 -0.039 0.051 -0.011 1947 -0.006 0.072 -0.098 -0.027 0.129 0.158 -0.076 0.021 0.035 -0.007 1948 0.067 0.130 0.006 0.060 0.054 0.126 0.016 0.071 0.042 0.003 1949 0.179 0.205 0.138 0.172 -0.005 0.090 0.106 0.115 0.077 0.034 1950 0.252 0.226 0.192 0.203 -0.026 0.049 0.132 0.128 0.147 0.076 1951 0.210 0.172 0.161 0.165 -0.021 0.008 0.083 0.096 0.147 0.076 1952 0.036 0.036 0.057 0.048 -0.042 -0.063 -0.002 0.049 0.050 0.038 1953 -0.181 -0.132 -0.048 -0.078 -0.077 -0.132 -0.087 -0.025 -0.107 -0.031 1954 -0.335 -0.241 -0.086 -0.135 -0.112 -0.164 -0.121 -0.095 -0.272 -0.092 1955 -0.336 -0.256 -0.057 -0.121 -0.138 -0.168 -0.093 -0.130 -0.306 -0.095 1956 -0.165 -0.170 0.010 -0.043 -0.096 -0.115 -0.032 -0.139 -0.172 -0.046 1957 0.073 -0.039 0.052 0.032 -0.008 -0.041 0.025 -0.106 0.061 0.036 1958 0.279 0.073 0.059 0.076 0.081 0.023 0.042 -0.057 0.312 0.105 1959 0.348 0.128 0.025 0.070 0.151 0.085 0.013 -0.021 0.426 0.125 1960 0.240 0.108 -0.030 0.015 0.144 0.113 -0.036 0.003 0.345 0.086 1961 0.070 0.053 -0.070 -0.050 0.096 0.129 -0.065 0.011 0.163 0.018 1962 -0.089 -0.003 -0.098 -0.117 0.048 0.137 -0.052 0.021 -0.055 -0.046 1963 -0.147 -0.023 -0.085 -0.134 0.014 0.116 -0.002 0.047 -0.186 -0.075 1964 -0.068 0.013 -0.039 -0.099 0.034 0.090 0.066 0.086 -0.181 -0.050 1965 0.016 0.062 0.023 -0.020 0.041 0.036 0.107 0.117 -0.143 -0.007 1966 0.040 0.093 0.072 0.076 0.000 -0.049 0.104 0.127 -0.106 0.034 1967 -0.028 0.069 0.066 0.110 -0.071 -0.134 0.071 0.113 -0.114 0.049 1968 -0.174 -0.016 0.019 0.102 -0.172 -0.221 0.017 0.070 -0.172 0.016 1969 -0.267 -0.115 -0.039 0.041 -0.207 -0.261 -0.024 0.023 -0.201 -0.035 1970 -0.209 -0.170 -0.046 -0.010 -0.125 -0.218 -0.039 -0.022 -0.159 -0.092 1971 -0.036 -0.146 0.027 0.011 0.019 -0.106 -0.048 -0.073 -0.062 -0.126 1972 0.171 -0.058 0.129 0.052 0.159 0.062 -0.051 -0.117 0.065 -0.114 1973 0.297 0.055 0.198 0.113 0.183 0.208 -0.050 -0.156 0.193 -0.054 1974 0.216 0.118 0.151 0.113 0.038 0.269 -0.046 -0.176 0.238 0.032 1975 -0.024 0.092 -0.014 0.020 -0.204 0.221 -0.019 -0.154 0.194 0.099 1976 -0.274 0.012 -0.208 -0.084 -0.394 0.078 0.026 -0.091 0.093 0.122 1977 -0.426 -0.087 -0.337 -0.183 -0.404 -0.067 0.064 0.003 -0.075 0.073 1978 -0.357 -0.133 -0.321 -0.211 -0.204 -0.152 0.078 0.096 -0.183 0.000