North Iceland Shelf MD99-2269 Holocene Dinoflagellate Assemblage Data
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               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
                                  and
                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!!


NAME OF DATA SET: 
North Iceland Shelf MD99-2269 Holocene Dinoflagellate Assemblage Data
LAST UPDATE: 3/2007 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo)
CONTRIBUTOR: John Andrews, University of Colorado
IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2007-035

SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Solignac, S., et al.  2007. 
North Iceland Shelf MD99-2269 Holocene Dinoflagellate Assemblage Data.
IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology 
Data Contribution Series # 2007-035.
NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA.


ORIGINAL REFERENCE: 
Solignac, S., J. Giraudeau, and A. de Vernal. 2006. 
Holocene sea surface conditions in the western North Atlantic: 
Spatial and temporal heterogeneities. 
Palaeoceanography, 21: 1-16.

ABSTRACT:
Holocene records of sea surface conditions in the western Nordic seas 
were obtained from quantitative reconstructions based on dinoflagellate 
cyst assemblages. Two sediment cores from the east Greenland and the
north Iceland shelves provide a detailed account of the long- and short-
term dynamics of the opposing flows of Arctic versus Atlantic waters. 
Both marker species and quantitative reconstructions depict an overall 
trend toward warmer winter temperatures, saltier surface waters, and 
decreased sea ice extent. The latter is supported by a close relationship 
between relative abundances of an Atlantic dinocyst species, 
Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus, and ice-rafted debris (IRD) records. 
We propose that the late Holocene increased IRD delivery in the Denmark 
Strait region was primarily induced by a combination of less extensive 
sea ice cover under increased Atlantic water inflow and sustained iceberg 
calving tied to the readvance of the Greenland ice sheet.  Our records 
thus suggest diminishing polar water supplies throughout the Holocene, 
although the timing of regime changes differs between the western and 
eastern sides of the Denmark Strait. Finally, comparison of our records 
with a core from southern Greenland points to very heterogeneous sea 
surface conditions in the western North Atlantic, which could be 
explained by the decoupled dynamics of the two Irminger Current branches.
Similarities between the southern Greenland marine record and a 
continental record nearby suggest a close coupling with atmospheric 
processes, reminiscent of a North Atlantic Oscillation–like climate pattern.


ADDITIONAL REFERENCES FOR MD99-2269:
Andersen, C., N. Koc, A. Jennings, and J.T. Andrews.  2004.
Nonuniform response of the major surface currents in the Nordic Seas to 
insolation forcing: Implications for the Holocene climate variability. 
Paleoceanography, 19: 1-16. doi:10.1029/2002/PA000873, 002004.

Andrews, J.T., J. Hardardottir, and J. Stoner.  2002. 
A very high resolution sediment record from Hunafloaall: 
Holocene century-scale variability along the N Iceland margin. 
Nordic Geological Winter Meeting.

Andrews, J.T., J. Hardardottir, J.S. Stoner, M.E. Mann, G.B. Kristjansdottir, 
and N. Koc. 2003. 
Decadal to millennial-scale periodicities in North Iceland shelf sediments 
over the last 12,000 cal yrs: long-term North Atlantic oceanographic 
variability and Solar forcing. 
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 210: 453-465.

Giraudeau, J., A.E. Jennings, and J.T. Andrews.  2004. 
Timing and mechanisms of surface and intermediate water circulation changes in the 
Nordic Seas over the last 10,000 cal years: a view from the North Iceland shelf.
Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 23, Issues 20-22, pp. 2127-2139, November 2004.

*Kristjansdottir, G.B., 2005: 
Holocene climatic and environmental changes on the Iceland shelf: 
d18O, Mg/Ca, and tephrochronology of core MD99-2269. 
PhD, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder. 

Moros, M., J.T. Andrews, D.D. Eberl, and E. Jansen.  2006. 
The Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic:  
Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes. 
Palaeoceanography, 21: 1 of 10. doi:10.1029/2005PA001214.

*Stoner, J.S., A.E. Jennings, G.B. Kristjansdottir, J.T. Andrews, G. Dunhill,
and J. Hardardottir. 2007. 
A paleomagnetic approach toward refining Holocene radiocarbon based 
chronostratigraphies: Paleoceanographic records from North Iceland (MD99-2269) 
and East Greenland (MD99-2322) margins. 
Palaeoceanography, 22, pages 1 of 23. PA 1209, doi: 10.1029/2006/PA001285.

*Note that these two publications use the latest and best age/depth model for 
the core (see Table of radiocarbon dates and the Stoner et al. (2007) paper).  
Earlier papers (e.g. Andrews et al., 2003a & b) used a linear regression for 
depth versus age.  Stoner et al. (2007) applied a 5th order polynomial to the 
data from MD99-2269 and a 9th order polynomial that fits the age/depth data 
from the combined MD99-2269 and MD99-2322 is included with the radiocarbon 
data table.  The coefficients for these equations are listed in the table 
of radiocarbon dates.  For comparison the tables with the paleomagnetic data 
have both equations applied to the void corrected depths; in other cases the 
9th order polynomial is employed.   



GEOGRAPHIC REGION: North Iceland Shelf, North Atlantic Ocean
PERIOD OF RECORD: 10,280 - 3400 YrBP 
FUNDING SOURCES: Project GR-240 of the Canadian Foundation for Climate and 
Atmospheric Sciences, project TARDHOL of the French Programme National 
d’Etudes de la Dynamique du Climat of CNRS-INSU, Natural Sciences and 
Engineering Research Council of Canada.

DESCRIPTION: 
Holocene dinoflagellate assemblage data from IMAGES core MD99-2269, 
North Iceland Shelf (66° 37.53’N,  23° 51.16’W, 365 m water depth).

Cruise report: 
Labeyrie, L., Jansen, E., and Cortijo, E., 2003: 
Les rapports de campagnes a la mer MD114/IMAGES V. 
Institut Polaire Francais Paul-Emile Victor, Brest.

Same site as: B997-327 
Helgadottir, G., 1997: Paleoclimate (0 to >14 ka) of W. and NW Iceland: 
An Iceland/USA Contribution to P.A.L.E., Cruise Report B9-97. 
Marine Research Institute of Iceland, Reykjavik. 



DATA: 
MD99-2269 

Column 1:  Depth cm.  
Column 2:  Calibrated age, calendar years BP 1950
Column 3:  SST_February
Column 4:  SSS_February
Column 5:  SST_August
Column 6:  SSS_August
Column 7:  Sea ice cover in months/yr
Column 8:  Seasonality (SST_Aug-SST_Feb)
Column 9:  dinocysts/cm3
Column 10: dinocysts/g


Depth    Age       SST_Feb    SSS_Feb     SST_Aug    SSS_Aug     Sea ice     Seas.     dinos/cm3   dinos/g
 660     3391       2.422      34.783      6.773      33.839      1.507      4.351       889917     683762
 670     3439       2.147      34.680      6.937      33.747      1.113      4.790       470847     337066
 680     3485       2.305      34.771      6.388      33.789      1.672      4.083       598024     662924
 690     3531       2.406      34.776      6.840      34.116      1.103      4.434       335156     239380
 700     3576       2.287      34.711      7.434      33.853      1.145      5.147       295129     409901
 710     3620       2.417      34.776      6.821      34.102      1.126      4.404       514372     395671
 720     3664       2.287      34.771      6.576      33.952      1.356      4.289       772092     671384
 730     3707       3.491      34.810      8.346      34.114      1.086      4.855       645012     390916
 740     3749       2.561      34.788      7.267      33.957      1.178      4.706      1135178     630654
 745     3770       2.436      34.778      7.031      34.251      1.195      4.595      1290023     405668
 750     3791       3.857      34.907      9.434      34.613      0.256      5.577      1022133     555507
 755     3811       2.276      34.782      6.803      34.079      1.313      4.527       796179     351255
 760     3832       3.349      34.838      8.656      34.348      0.599      5.307       476448     279169
 770     3873       2.462      34.654      7.882      33.862      0.813      5.420       401919     251199
 785     3934       3.429      34.510     10.083      34.007      0.401      6.654       450298     372147
 790     3954       2.544      34.784      7.018      33.907      1.310      4.474       861439     426455
 800     3994       1.687      34.674      7.102      34.199      1.652      5.415       631841     619452
 810     4034       2.670      34.311      8.782      33.485      1.408      6.112      1281480     739315
 820     4073       2.131      34.702      6.947      33.665      1.610      4.816       793450     511903
 830     4113       2.514      34.336      9.368      33.463      1.312      6.854       277654     221532
 840     4152       2.183      34.776      6.608      34.002      1.456      4.425       767464     599581
 850     4192       2.334      34.724      6.879      33.883      1.553      4.545       277654     204157
 860     4231       2.404      34.779      6.864      33.782      1.630      4.460       976773     684654
 870     4271       4.379      34.445     11.325      33.647      0.481      6.946       265449     170160
 890     4351       3.945      34.889      8.535      34.179      1.126      4.590       267865     156765
 900     4391       2.469      34.727      7.122      33.985      1.291      4.653       768888     311897
 910     4432       4.026      34.911      9.662      34.372      0.814      5.636       307227     177035
 920     4473       3.166      34.830      7.445      33.966      1.392      4.279       258760     169003
 930     4515       5.292      34.254     13.673      33.559      0.314      8.381       422779     284075
 940     4557       2.196      34.642      7.646      33.765      1.423      5.450       670641     372144
 955     4622       1.579      34.639      6.485      33.965      2.162      4.906       679184     453758
 960     4644       2.361      34.776      6.905      34.053      1.692      4.544       371823     276407
 980     4733       2.121      33.901     10.543      32.916      1.045      8.422       402566     243487
 990     4778       3.141      33.909     12.153      32.998      0.621      9.012       349495     250032
1000     4824       5.217      34.973     10.414      34.354      0.760      5.197       569547     326650
1010     4872       1.727      34.305      8.216      33.447      1.578      6.489       325710     212285
1020     4919       2.616      34.258      9.786      33.413      1.181      7.170        59187      43842
1030     4968       2.547      34.308      9.663      33.409      1.206      7.116       191098     115119
1040     5018       1.833      34.299      8.747      33.325      1.464      6.914       273840     168000
1050     5069       1.395      34.175      8.669      33.127      1.578      7.274        80962      54704
1060     5120       2.845      34.767      9.050      34.045      1.226      6.205       120238      82923
1070     5173       1.623      34.195      9.323      33.259      1.173      7.700       123219     115158
1080     5226       2.894      34.780      8.549      34.230      1.259      5.655       254008     186770
1090     5281       1.851      34.299      8.767      33.458      1.200      6.916       119880      77342
1100     5336       2.097      34.693      7.904      33.983      1.058      5.807       605143     408881
1110     5392       1.505      34.692      6.819      33.197      1.954      5.314       268618     138463
1120     5450       3.741      34.817      9.397      34.125      1.017      5.656       289304     169184
1130     5508       2.845      34.647      9.088      33.948      0.801      6.243       242057     128073
1140     5567       2.633      34.176      9.159      33.070      0.925      6.526       178733     114572
1150     5627       2.714      34.747      8.010      33.934      1.454      5.296       128878     123921
1160     5689       2.386      34.794      7.379      33.953      1.365      4.993       197816     120619
1170     5751       2.196      34.711      7.475      33.875      1.255      5.279        97235      56205
1180     5814       2.431      34.782      6.918      33.821      1.531      4.487       263924     179540
1190     5877       3.504      34.799      9.125      34.265      0.752      5.621       203529     130467
1200     5942       2.286      34.699      7.459      33.661      1.487      5.173       360992     291123
1210     6008       2.234      34.663      8.139      33.876      1.269      5.905       124703      89074
1220     6074       2.345      33.580      8.699      33.275      1.022      6.354       200388     111327
1230     6141       2.556      34.789      7.281      33.959      1.184      4.725       370853     204891
1240     6209       2.086      34.705      7.313      33.917      1.228      5.227       252291     150173
1250     6277       2.466      34.653      7.919      33.885      0.793      5.453       169847      90344
1260     6346       2.363      34.288      8.886      33.725      0.981      6.523       294562     170267
1270     6416       1.569      34.120      7.964      33.207      1.403      6.395       267169     149758
1280     6486       0.117      32.139      9.314      31.769      2.328      9.197       201833     124588
1290     6557       2.116      33.564      8.463      33.085      1.443      6.347       189679     122374
1300     6628       3.046      34.824      7.726      34.011      1.386      4.680       150930     105990
1310     6700       0.423      32.993      8.987      32.402      1.846      8.564       140692     108782
1320     6771      -0.041      32.632      8.950      32.492      2.104      8.991       156006     107147
1330     6844       1.913      34.351      7.526      33.685      1.581      5.613       194002     125975
1340     6916       0.374      33.053      8.297      32.367      1.947      7.923       508320     287187
1350     6989       0.293      32.871      8.798      32.528      1.925      8.505       252189     141679
1360     7061       1.220      32.861      9.030      32.371      1.591      7.810       236940     127387
1370     7134       3.219      34.832      7.959      34.122      0.919      4.740       385512     184455
1380     7207       1.531      32.987      8.623      32.578      1.339      7.092       205571     128482
1390     7280      -0.765      32.041      9.183      31.761      2.550      9.948       180017     120012
1400     7353       2.984      34.756      8.273      33.933      1.324      5.289        94087      56004
1410     7425       1.575      33.724      7.910      32.852      1.635      6.335        58817      35864
1420     7497       2.068      33.569      8.866      33.074      1.284      6.798       110350      75790
1430     7569       1.752      34.214      7.485      33.252      1.649      5.733        85432      59328
1440     7641       2.065      34.358      8.261      33.155      1.357      6.196        74516      51038
1450     7712       2.010      33.064     10.465      32.705      1.395      8.455       120855      68668
1460     7783       2.450      34.784      7.017      33.993      1.162      4.567       201930     112183
1480     7923       0.495      32.968      9.214      32.366      1.839      8.719       237226     152068
1490     7992       1.131      33.729      7.995      32.992      1.865      6.864       165954     103721
1500     8060       1.568      33.047      9.169      32.838      1.517      7.601       177271     104277
1510     8128       3.056      34.828      7.678      33.971      1.208      4.622       141390      86742
1520     8195       1.716      32.429      9.247      32.283      1.621      7.531       342491     231413
1525     8228       2.587      34.272      7.605      33.433      1.423      5.018       107324      75580
1530     8261       2.468      34.787      7.078      33.990      1.165      4.610       186883     110581
1535     8294       2.367      34.784      6.950      33.984      1.523      4.583       227615     156822
1540     8326       2.476      34.788      7.093      33.974      1.192      4.617       385631     231378
1545     8358       3.204      34.834      7.878      34.141      0.872      4.674       214173     133858
1550     8390       0.767      31.851      9.534      31.688      1.892      8.767       154916     105925
1555     8422       1.518      32.945      8.988      32.521      1.512      7.470       146943      83019
1560     8454       1.329      33.839      9.772      32.669      1.023      8.443       222123     123402
1565     8485      -0.058      31.862      9.540      31.486      2.090      9.598       167304      98414
1570     8516       1.645      34.231      7.694      33.528      1.295      6.049       216428     128826
1575     8547       1.393      34.121      8.097      33.216      1.572      6.704       159851      88316
1580     8577       0.228      32.961      8.946      32.364      2.005      8.718       167150      94435
1585     8608       0.880      31.851      9.547      31.690      1.867      8.667       122453      70782
1590     8638       2.373      34.784      6.959      33.989      1.517      4.586       326599     159317
1595     8667       2.451      34.786      7.069      34.010      1.136      4.618        28540      14270
1600     8697       1.819      34.683      7.492      34.005      1.482      5.673        34325      18430
1605     8726       0.463      32.293      9.467      31.912      1.910      9.004       199163     119259
1610     8755       1.493      33.009      8.991      32.555      1.510      7.498       380172     195965
1615     8783       0.943      32.395      9.151      32.276      1.775      8.208       250471     138637
1620     8812       2.507      34.788      7.095      34.127      1.100      4.588       188850     103197
1625     8840       0.997      33.008      8.541      32.817      1.781      7.544       322056     182986
1630     8867       1.242      26.523      7.731      29.893      2.953      6.489       390377     280847
1635     8895       1.680      33.588      8.170      33.535      1.461      6.490       277654     162371
1640     8922       1.995      31.130      7.674      32.292      1.863      5.679       319607     184744
1645     8949       2.323      34.785      7.013      34.209      1.127      4.690       148274      84728
1650     8975       2.618      34.797      7.315      34.097      1.104      4.697       304352     171950
1655     9002       2.724      34.168      7.556      33.597      1.179      4.832       257878     146893
1660     9027       2.413      34.721      7.651      33.827      1.355      5.238       495506     300306
1665     9053       2.473      34.798      7.454      34.246      0.992      4.981       254770     146420
1670     9078       0.589      32.341      9.496      31.979      1.862      8.907       141539      87250
1675     9103       1.283      32.932      9.038      32.427      1.578      7.755       226581     124952
1680     9128       2.526      34.790      6.945      33.817      1.494      4.419       156219      95722
1685     9152       2.065      34.726      6.521      33.769      1.887      4.456        88517      50581
1690     9176       2.572      34.792      7.187      33.955      1.172      4.615       192707     104166
1695     9200       2.367      34.784      6.824      33.882      1.498      4.457       135541     107147
1700     9224       2.540      34.792      7.233      33.829      1.445      4.693       155749     127663
1705     9247       1.735      33.590      8.190      33.264      1.618      6.455       274490     143963
1710     9269       2.452      34.786      7.059      33.996      1.162      4.607       187044     115459
1715     9292       2.618      34.796      7.307      34.094      1.098      4.689       243329     149281
1720     9314       2.421      34.786      6.858      33.858      1.485      4.437       147726      93794
1730     9358       1.261      33.775      9.943      32.563      1.037      8.682       192610      88516
1740     9400       2.454      34.791      7.049      33.879      1.409      4.595       211444     113072
1750     9441       0.044      31.987      9.539      31.724      2.329      9.495       198504     103387
1760     9481       2.185      33.333     10.571      32.879      1.009      8.386       123142      82369
1770     9519       2.457      34.787      7.087      34.002      1.152      4.630       310662     184918
1780     9557       1.872      34.275      7.653      33.536      1.646      5.781       274237     160185
1790     9593       1.241      30.585      7.775      31.605      2.511      6.534       190280     124250
1800     9628       2.442      34.789      7.006      33.866      1.418      4.564       227310     154483
1810     9663       2.003      34.754      7.133      34.142      1.477      5.130       371629     186748
1820     9696       2.172      34.780      7.076      34.114      1.247      4.904       217585     134311
1830     9728       1.012      34.665      5.474      33.838      2.384      4.462       831182     324681
1840     9759       2.442      34.788      6.992      33.863      1.420      4.550       320370     192222
1850     9790       2.188      34.771      6.723      34.014      1.347      4.535       767594     334707
1860     9819       2.316      34.773      6.663      33.972      1.299      4.347       299012     153182
1870     9848       2.479      34.799      7.462      34.257      0.975      4.983       350241     186119
1885     9889       1.217      34.138      7.851      33.400      1.665      6.634       580938     337303
1890     9903       2.053      34.753      6.813      33.904      1.610      4.760       371985     192738
1900     9929       2.406      34.732      8.010      34.074      0.992      5.604       214292     138253
1910     9955       2.057      34.759      7.188      34.162      1.441      5.131       818723     432424
1920     9980       1.709      34.215      7.973      33.901      1.254      6.264       285047     168667
1930    10005       1.450      33.633      9.161      33.316      1.318      7.711       396434     213903
1940    10029       0.603      32.309      9.495      31.975      1.867      8.892       363849     217874
1950    10053       1.556      34.180      7.481      33.644      1.801      5.925       293262     203654
1960    10076       2.135      34.705      7.303      33.708      1.584      5.168       745750     503885
1970    10099       2.132      34.036      8.069      33.585      1.460      5.937       536862     337649
1980    10122       1.659      34.669      7.021      33.815      1.712      5.362       257435     141968
1990    10145       2.175      34.715      7.755      34.102      1.152      5.580       217852     198047
2000    10168       2.161      33.015      8.632      33.064      1.275      6.471       567513     366137
2010    10190       1.800      33.574      8.569      33.178      0.962      6.769       520601     327938
2020    10213       2.471      34.208      7.576      33.775      1.436      5.105       446875     354663
2030    10235       2.145      34.760      7.320      34.240      1.243      5.175       281468     223387
2040    10258       2.521      34.132      8.283      33.604      1.270      5.762       389298     290521
2050    10280       2.513      33.694      9.018      33.717      1.013      6.505       217852     207478