Subpolar North Atlantic 4500 Year Alkenone SST Reconstructions ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, plus the data file URL and date accessed. NAME OF DATA SET: Subpolar North Atlantic 4500 Year Alkenone SST Reconstructions LAST UPDATE: 5/2012 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Sicre, M.-A., P. Yiou, J. Eiríksson, U. Ezat, E. Guimbaut, I. Dahhaoui, K.L. Knudsen, E. Jansen, and J.-L. Turon. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2012-058 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Sicre, M.-A.,, et al. 2012. Subpolar North Atlantic 4500 Year Alkenone SST Reconstructions. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2012-057. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Sicre, M.-A., P. Yiou, J. Eiríksson, U. Ezat, E. Guimbaut, I. Dahhaoui, K. L. Knudsen, E. Jansen, and J.-L. Turon. 2008. A 4500-year reconstruction of sea surface temperature variability at decadal time scales off North Iceland. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 27, pp. 2041-2047. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev. 2008.08.009. Sicre, M.-A., I.R. Hall, J. Mignot, M. Khodri, U. Ezat, M.-X. Truong, J. Eiríksson, and K.-L. Knudsen. 2011. Sea surface temperature variability in the subpolar Atlantic over the last two millennia. Paleoceanography, 26, PA4218, doi:10.1029/2011PA002169. ABSTRACT (Sicre et al. 2008): Marine paleo-records acquired at high temporal resolution provide critical data for testing numerical climate models and help to understand processes underlying ocean variability. This study presents a unique 4500-year reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) obtained from alkenones in the North Atlantic Polar Front area off North Iceland, at an average temporal resolution of 4-5 years. Spectral analysis of this signal shows dominant multidecadal oscillations which occurred with a stronger amplitude between 2500 and 4200 years BP, hand in hand with fluctuations of bottom currents indicated by paleomagnetic proxies. Contemporaneous large excursions of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) are also recorded by the distant Cariaco titanium time series, suggesting a link with low latitude Atlantic climate. We speculate that the oscillations reflect changes of the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) induced by increased ENSO activity. ABSTRACT (Sicre et al. 2011): A decadal resolution time series of sea surface temperature (SST) spanning the last two millennia is reconstructed by combining a proxy record from a new sediment sequence with previously published data from core MD99-2275, north of Iceland. The alkenone based SST reconstruction is validated with historic observational data and compared to a new similar temporal resolution reconstruction obtained from sediment core RAPiD21-3K, in the subpolar North Atlantic. The two SST paleorecords show consistent multidecadal scale coolings throughout the interval and similar expressions during the contrasted climatic periods 'colloquially known' as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA). In order to further understand the temporal and spatial SST variations and investigate the influence of natural forcings on the observed SST changes during the last millennium, we compare our time series to simulations using the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace IPSLCM4-v2 climate model. This comparison highlights the potential importance of volcanism as a natural forcing driving coherent abrupt cooling events captured in the subpolar North Atlantic records. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Subpolar North Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 4500 - present FUNDING SOURCES: PACTHOL project funded by the French LEFE program supported by INSU (Institut National de l’Univers), the PACLIVA project funded by the European Union 5th Framework Programme (Contract EVK2-2002-00143), and the Millennium project funded by the European Union 6th Framework Programme (Contract No. EVK-CT-2006-017008). DATA FILE URLS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/sicre2008/sicre2008.txt ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/sicre2008/sicre2008.xls DESCRIPTION: A 4500 year long reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) obtained from alkenone paleothermometry from the MD99-2275 site, North of Iceland. This record combines data from Sicre et al., QSR 2008 and Sicre et al., Paleoceanography 2011. The latter extend the record to the most recent part of the record that was missing in the 2008 data set. Overall, this spliced record combines three sediment sequence reconstructions with different coring devices (piston, gravity and box) in a highly variable region thus represents a unique regional reconstruction benchmark. MD99-2275: 66°33'N, 17°42'W, 470 m water depth DATA: Sicre et al. 2008/2011 MD99-2275 Alkenone SST update after splicing AgeBP AgeAD SST(°C) -51 2001 6.6 -48 1998 6.3 -45 1995 7.0 -43 1993 7.3 -40 1990 8.3 -37 1987 6.9 -35 1985 6.9 -32 1982 6.2 -30 1980 6.0 -27 1977 6.6 -24 1974 6.7 -22 1972 6.3 -19 1969 5.4 -17 1967 6.2 -14 1964 6.8 -10 1960 7.0 -5 1955 6.3 0 1950 6.8 5 1945 5.8 8 1942 6.8 11 1939 7.1 14 1936 6.9 18 1932 7.0 21 1929 7.2 22 1928 6.9 25 1925 6.5 28 1922 6.7 32 1918 6.7 35 1915 6.2 38 1912 6.7 42 1908 6.6 45 1905 6.8 48 1902 6.9 52 1898 7.1 55 1895 7.0 57 1893 7.0 59 1891 6.9 61 1889 8.3 62 1888 7.5 64 1886 6.9 66 1884 6.8 67 1883 7.2 69 1881 7.3 70 1880 7.1 72 1878 7.5 74 1876 6.9 75 1875 6.6 78 1872 7.5 80 1870 7.8 82 1868 6.5 83 1867 7.3 85 1865 7.7 87 1863 6.5 90 1860 7.7 91 1859 7.2 93 1857 7.9 95 1855 7.1 96 1854 6.5 98 1852 8.2 100 1850 6.3 101 1849 7.6 103 1847 7.1 104 1846 7.0 106 1844 6.9 108 1842 6.9 109 1841 7.0 111 1839 7.4 113 1837 6.4 114 1836 6.9 116 1834 7.3 117 1833 7.6 119 1831 8.1 121 1829 7.5 122 1828 7.8 124 1826 7.0 125 1825 7.2 127 1823 6.6 129 1821 7.2 130 1820 7.6 132 1818 7.9 134 1816 7.6 135 1815 7.7 137 1813 7.8 138 1812 7.6 140 1810 6.7 142 1808 7.1 143 1807 7.6 145 1805 7.1 147 1803 7.2 148 1802 7.6 150 1800 7.5 152 1798 8.2 153 1797 7.8 155 1795 7.6 157 1793 7.4 159 1791 7.5 161 1789 7.5 163 1787 7.4 165 1785 7.5 167 1783 7.3 169 1781 8.2 171 1779 7.3 173 1777 7.5 174 1776 7.6 176 1774 7.0 178 1772 6.6 180 1770 7.3 182 1768 7.2 184 1766 8.1 186 1764 6.8 188 1762 7.9 190 1760 8.5 192 1758 7.3 194 1756 6.5 196 1754 7.0 198 1752 7.9 200 1750 7.6 202 1748 7.3 204 1746 6.8 206 1744 6.8 208 1742 6.8 210 1740 7.2 212 1738 7.0 213 1737 7.5 215 1735 6.6 217 1733 7.3 219 1731 7.4 221 1729 7.3 223 1727 7.7 225 1725 7.8 227 1723 7.2 229 1721 7.8 231 1719 7.5 233 1717 7.5 236 1714 7.7 239 1711 7.6 242 1708 8.2 245 1705 8.0 248 1702 7.4 251 1699 8.0 255 1695 7.7 258 1692 7.8 261 1689 7.7 264 1686 7.8 267 1683 8.0 270 1680 6.0 273 1677 7.0 276 1674 7.0 279 1671 7.4 282 1668 7.6 285 1665 6.6 288 1662 8.1 291 1659 7.4 295 1655 7.6 298 1652 7.7 301 1649 8.1 304 1646 8.4 307 1643 8.2 310 1640 7.4 313 1637 7.8 316 1634 7.9 319 1631 7.7 322 1628 8.2 325 1625 7.8 328 1622 7.8 331 1619 7.4 335 1615 7.3 338 1612 7.5 341 1609 7.9 344 1606 8.8 347 1603 9.3 350 1600 8.7 353 1597 8.7 356 1594 8.3 359 1591 7.9 362 1588 6.7 368 1582 7.7 371 1579 7.7 375 1575 8.3 378 1572 7.9 381 1569 7.9 384 1566 7.7 387 1563 6.6 390 1560 8.0 393 1557 8.1 396 1554 8.3 399 1551 8.4 402 1548 8.3 405 1545 6.9 408 1542 5.9 411 1539 6.7 415 1535 8.2 418 1532 7.8 421 1529 7.8 424 1526 8.4 427 1523 8.3 430 1520 8.4 433 1517 7.6 436 1514 7.2 439 1511 8.6 442 1508 8.3 445 1505 8.2 448 1502 7.3 451 1499 7.6 455 1495 7.9 458 1492 7.7 461 1489 7.9 464 1486 7.6 467 1483 7.5 470 1480 7.5 473 1477 7.8 475 1475 8.5 477 1473 8.0 480 1470 9.5 482 1468 8.4 484 1466 8.6 486 1464 9.6 489 1461 8.7 491 1459 8.0 493 1457 8.9 495 1455 7.1 498 1452 7.7 500 1450 8.1 502 1448 8.4 504 1446 7.6 506 1444 8.2 509 1441 7.7 511 1439 7.8 513 1437 8.0 515 1435 7.3 518 1432 7.2 520 1430 7.6 522 1428 7.5 524 1426 7.6 527 1423 7.1 529 1421 6.9 531 1419 7.9 533 1417 8.1 536 1414 8.7 538 1412 9.3 540 1410 8.1 544 1406 7.5 547 1403 8.0 551 1399 7.5 555 1395 7.9 558 1392 8.4 562 1388 7.4 566 1384 7.7 569 1381 7.2 573 1377 7.4 577 1373 8.3 580 1370 7.5 584 1366 7.1 588 1362 7.8 591 1359 8.1 595 1355 7.3 599 1351 7.5 602 1348 7.9 606 1344 7.3 610 1340 7.5 613 1337 8.4 617 1333 7.8 621 1329 8.4 624 1326 8.5 628 1322 9.0 632 1318 8.8 635 1315 8.6 639 1311 8.3 643 1307 9.2 646 1304 8.7 650 1300 9.0 655 1295 10.0 661 1289 8.5 666 1284 8.5 672 1278 9.0 677 1273 9.2 683 1267 8.9 688 1262 8.2 694 1256 8.4 699 1251 7.3 704 1246 7.9 710 1240 8.6 715 1235 8.9 721 1229 9.2 726 1224 8.8 732 1218 8.9 737 1213 8.3 743 1207 9.0 748 1202 9.1 753 1197 9.4 759 1191 9.0 764 1186 9.0 770 1180 8.7 775 1175 9.3 781 1169 8.9 786 1164 9.1 792 1158 8.7 797 1153 8.6 802 1148 8.7 808 1142 8.8 813 1137 8.8 819 1131 8.9 824 1126 8.8 830 1120 8.8 835 1115 8.7 841 1109 8.7 846 1104 9.0 851 1099 9.1 856 1094 9.0 861 1089 9.0 866 1084 9.0 871 1079 8.9 876 1074 9.3 881 1069 8.7 887 1063 8.9 892 1058 8.8 897 1053 9.4 902 1048 8.8 907 1043 9.2 912 1038 9.1 917 1033 9.2 922 1028 8.9 927 1023 8.8 932 1018 9.7 937 1013 9.4 942 1008 9.1 947 1003 8.9 952 998 9.3 957 993 9.0 962 988 9.2 968 982 8.7 973 977 7.9 978 972 8.5 983 967 8.1 988 962 8.3 993 957 8.6 998 952 7.6 1004 946 8.2 1009 941 8.8 1014 936 7.9 1019 931 7.9 1024 926 8.6 1029 921 8.6 1034 916 8.0 1039 911 7.2 1045 905 7.7 1050 900 8.3 1055 895 8.1 1060 890 7.8 1065 885 8.2 1070 880 7.7 1075 875 8.6 1080 870 8.2 1085 865 6.8 1091 859 8.2 1096 854 8.3 1101 849 8.4 1107 843 8.4 1112 838 7.9 1117 833 8.6 1123 827 8.2 1128 822 8.5 1133 817 8.5 1139 811 8.1 1144 806 8.4 1149 801 7.9 1155 795 7.6 1160 790 7.9 1165 785 7.3 1171 779 7.9 1176 774 7.3 1181 769 8.3 1187 763 7.8 1192 758 7.9 1197 753 8.1 1203 747 8.0 1208 742 8.3 1213 737 8.1 1219 731 7.9 1224 726 8.2 1229 721 8.1 1235 715 7.5 1240 710 7.7 1245 705 7.9 1251 699 8.1 1256 694 7.6 1261 689 7.3 1267 683 7.8 1272 678 7.8 1277 673 7.6 1283 667 8.0 1288 662 7.9 1293 657 7.8 1299 651 8.1 1304 646 8.2 1309 641 6.7 1315 635 6.1 1320 630 7.6 1325 625 8.5 1331 619 8.8 1336 614 8.4 1341 609 8.9 1347 603 8.1 1352 598 8.3 1357 593 8.0 1363 587 7.6 1368 582 8.3 1373 577 8.2 1379 571 7.1 1384 566 8.4 1389 561 8.2 1395 555 9.7 1400 550 8.4 1405 545 8.7 1411 539 8.7 1416 534 8.9 1421 529 7.9 1427 523 9.8 1432 518 8.3 1437 513 8.4 1443 507 8.3 1448 502 8.5 1453 497 8.1 1458 492 8.5 1464 486 8.4 1469 481 7.9 1474 476 8.2 1480 470 8.3 1485 465 8.3 1490 460 8.5 1496 454 8.2 1501 449 8.2 1506 444 8.5 1512 438 8.3 1517 433 8.0 1522 428 8.1 1528 422 8.1 1533 417 8.2 1538 412 7.9 1544 406 8.4 1549 401 8.1 1554 396 9.3 1560 390 8.9 1565 385 8.2 1570 380 8.5 1576 374 8.4 1581 369 8.3 1586 364 8.3 1592 358 8.4 1597 353 8.2 1602 348 8.3 1608 342 8.5 1613 337 8.1 1618 332 6.6 1624 326 7.5 1629 321 8.1 1634 316 8.3 1640 310 7.4 1645 305 8.1 1650 300 7.8 1656 294 8.3 1661 289 8.2 1666 284 8.0 1672 278 8.1 1677 273 8.4 1682 268 9.9 1688 262 8.0 1693 257 7.6 1698 252 10.5 1704 246 7.9 1709 241 8.2 1714 236 7.9 1720 230 8.1 1725 225 8.2 1730 220 8.2 1736 214 8.8 1741 209 7.7 1746 204 8.4 1752 198 8.2 1757 193 8.2 1762 188 7.5 1768 182 6.4 1773 177 7.7 1778 172 8.6 1784 166 8.7 1789 161 7.8 1800 150 9.0 1805 145 8.2 1810 140 8.2 1816 134 8.7 1821 129 8.3 1826 124 9.1 1831 119 8.5 1836 114 8.5 1841 109 8.6 1847 103 8.4 1852 98 8.8 1857 93 8.6 1862 88 9.7 1867 83 9.3 1872 78 9.1 1877 73 8.8 1882 68 9.1 1887 63 8.8 1893 57 8.3 1898 52 9.6 1908 42 7.9 1913 37 8.3 1918 32 8.2 1923 27 8.4 1928 22 9.0 1934 16 9.5 1939 11 7.8 1944 6 8.7 1949 1 8.8 1954 -4 9.1 1959 -9 8.7 1964 -14 7.0 1969 -19 8.2 1974 -24 8.7 1980 -30 8.0 1990 -40 7.6 1995 -45 8.7 2000 -50 8.0 2005 -55 7.1 2010 -60 7.8 2015 -65 8.4 2021 -71 8.7 2026 -76 7.3 2030 -80 2036 -86 9.0 2041 -91 8.8 2046 -96 9.6 2051 -101 9.0 2056 -106 8.7 2061 -111 8.7 2066 -116 8.8 2071 -121 8.8 2077 -127 8.7 2082 -132 9.2 2089 -139 8.6 2097 -147 8.7 2102 -152 9.8 2107 -157 9.8 2112 -162 9.6 2117 -167 9.8 2123 -173 9.1 2128 -178 8.8 2133 -183 8.8 2138 -188 8.4 2143 -193 8.9 2148 -198 9.6 2153 -203 9.7 2158 -208 10.6 2164 -214 8.7 2169 -219 9.2 2174 -224 8.5 2179 -229 8.5 2184 -234 8.8 2189 -239 9.4 2194 -244 9.4 2199 -249 9.9 2204 -254 10.6 2210 -260 11.1 2215 -265 8.8 2220 -270 9.7 2225 -275 9.1 2230 -280 8.5 2235 -285 8.3 2240 -290 8.4 2245 -295 8.8 2251 -301 2256 -306 8.8 2261 -311 9.7 2266 -316 9.4 2271 -321 9.4 2276 -326 9.1 2281 -331 9.3 2286 -336 9.4 2292 -342 9.6 2297 -347 8.7 2302 -352 10.2 2307 -357 9.2 2312 -362 9.2 2317 -367 9.4 2322 -372 9.5 2327 -377 8.8 2332 -382 8.3 2338 -388 8.6 2343 -393 9.4 2348 -398 8.7 2353 -403 2358 -408 2363 -413 2368 -418 2373 -423 7.0 2379 -429 7.7 2384 -434 9.1 2389 -439 9.6 2394 -444 10.1 2399 -449 9.4 2404 -454 9.3 2409 -459 8.9 2414 -464 9.0 2419 -469 9.6 2425 -475 9.4 2430 -480 9.4 2435 -485 9.6 2440 -490 9.4 2445 -495 9.0 2450 -500 9.1 2455 -505 9.1 2460 -510 8.9 2466 -516 10.1 2471 -521 11.1 2476 -526 9.2 2481 -531 9.6 2486 -536 9.6 2491 -541 9.4 2496 -546 9.3 2501 -551 9.8 2506 -556 10.2 2512 -562 10.3 2517 -567 10.9 2522 -572 11.1 2527 -577 10.3 2532 -582 10.4 2537 -587 9.5 2542 -592 7.9 2547 -597 8.8 2553 -603 8.6 2558 -608 8.9 2563 -613 9.8 2568 -618 8.3 2573 -623 8.5 2578 -628 10.1 2583 -633 6.6 2588 -638 10.2 2594 -644 10.0 2599 -649 10.6 2604 -654 7.1 2609 -659 10.9 2614 -664 8.2 2619 -669 10.0 2624 -674 8.3 2629 -679 9.8 2634 -684 7.6 2640 -690 9.8 2645 -695 8.2 2650 -700 9.9 2655 -705 8.9 2660 -710 9.3 2665 -715 8.3 2670 -720 9.5 2675 -725 9.6 2681 -731 9.3 2686 -736 8.8 2691 -741 8.9 2701 -751 8.2 2706 -756 9.8 2711 -761 9.1 2716 -766 8.8 2721 -771 9.1 2727 -777 10.5 2732 -782 10.4 2737 -787 10.6 2742 -792 10.2 2747 -797 10.0 2752 -802 9.8 2757 -807 9.8 2762 -812 10.0 2768 -818 9.7 2773 -823 11.1 2778 -828 10.1 2788 -838 9.9 2793 -843 9.7 2798 -848 8.7 2803 -853 9.3 2809 -859 8.1 2814 -864 9.5 2819 -869 8.8 2824 -874 9.5 2829 -879 8.8 2834 -884 9.6 2839 -889 9.2 2844 -894 8.0 2849 -899 9.3 2855 -905 10.3 2860 -910 9.2 2865 -915 9.4 2870 -920 8.7 2875 -925 9.7 2885 -935 10.2 2890 -940 7.2 2896 -946 8.4 2901 -951 8.3 2906 -956 8.2 2911 -961 8.1 2916 -966 9.4 2921 -971 7.7 2926 -976 9.7 2931 -981 8.6 2936 -986 9.1 2942 -992 8.2 2947 -997 9.6 2952 -1002 8.8 2957 -1007 8.9 2962 -1012 8.8 2967 -1017 9.0 2972 -1022 7.9 2977 -1027 9.4 2982 -1032 7.9 2987 -1037 8.8 2992 -1042 8.0 2997 -1047 7.0 3002 -1052 9.2 3006 -1056 8.7 3011 -1061 8.9 3016 -1066 9.9 3021 -1071 8.2 3026 -1076 9.5 3030 -1080 8.9 3035 -1085 10.0 3040 -1090 8.5 3045 -1095 9.5 3050 -1100 8.8 3054 -1104 10.2 3059 -1109 9.7 3064 -1114 8.9 3069 -1119 9.2 3074 -1124 9.5 3078 -1128 8.8 3083 -1133 10.5 3088 -1138 9.6 3093 -1143 9.4 3098 -1148 9.7 3102 -1152 9.6 3107 -1157 9.3 3112 -1162 9.1 3117 -1167 8.5 3122 -1172 8.7 3126 -1176 9.1 3131 -1181 8.9 3136 -1186 8.2 3141 -1191 8.6 3146 -1196 7.7 3151 -1201 8.3 3155 -1205 8.7 3160 -1210 7.8 3165 -1215 8.3 3170 -1220 10.8 3175 -1225 8.6 3179 -1229 9.1 3184 -1234 8.2 3189 -1239 9.1 3194 -1244 10.0 3199 -1249 9.1 3203 -1253 9.1 3208 -1258 8.5 3213 -1263 8.9 3218 -1268 9.4 3223 -1273 8.6 3227 -1277 10.3 3232 -1282 8.9 3237 -1287 8.8 3242 -1292 9.0 3247 -1297 9.2 3251 -1301 7.9 3256 -1306 9.5 3261 -1311 8.8 3266 -1316 9.2 3271 -1321 8.1 3275 -1325 7.3 3280 -1330 8.7 3285 -1335 8.5 3285 -1335 8.1 3290 -1340 7.5 3295 -1345 8.6 3299 -1349 7.7 3304 -1354 8.2 3309 -1359 8.5 3314 -1364 3319 -1369 7.9 3323 -1373 8.8 3328 -1378 8.4 3333 -1383 8.2 3338 -1388 8.8 3343 -1393 9.2 3347 -1397 8.6 3352 -1402 7.9 3357 -1407 7.8 3362 -1412 7.8 3367 -1417 8.5 3371 -1421 8.1 3376 -1426 8.4 3381 -1431 8.6 3386 -1436 8.7 3391 -1441 8.3 3395 -1445 8.9 3400 -1450 9.0 3405 -1455 9.0 3410 -1460 8.3 3415 -1465 8.8 3419 -1469 7.5 3424 -1474 7.8 3429 -1479 8.0 3434 -1484 8.4 3439 -1489 8.6 3444 -1494 8.3 3448 -1498 8.6 3453 -1503 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