# Equatorial Pacific d11B, Mg/Ca, and pCO2 Data and pH and SST Reconstructions during the Pliocene
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#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
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#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# Template Version 4.0
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# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed.
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space
# Data lines have no '#'
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# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/33252
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
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# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-ocean-33252.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
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# Data_Type: Paleoceanography
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# Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/ampv-j413
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# Science_Keywords: 
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# Resource_Links
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# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/shankle2021/netcdf_files/ReadMe_Shankle_Pliocene_ModelOutput.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template; Model Data Description
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# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2021-07-23
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2022-03-07
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# Title
#   Study_Name: Equatorial Pacific d11B, Mg/Ca, and pCO2 Data and pH and SST Reconstructions during the Pliocene
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# Investigators
#   Investigators: Shankle, Madison G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8052-9136); Burls, Natalie B.; Fedorov, Alexey V.; Thomas, Matthew D.; Liu, W.; Penman, Donald E.; Ford, Heather L.; Jacobs, Peter; Planavsky, Noah J.; Hull, Pincelli M.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: Reconstructed pH (from delta 11B) and sea surface temperatures (from magnesium/calcium) for data from the western equatorial Pacific (ODP806) from ~0-6Ma. The depths and ages for site ODP 806 are derived from the age model published in Zhang et al. (2017). [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.03.016].  The depths and ages for site ODP 846 are derived from the age model published in Lisiecki & Raymo (2005). [https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071].
#         Provided Keywords: Pliocene, upwelling, pH, sea surface temperatures, equatorial Pacific, delta 11B
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# Publication
#   Authors: Shankle, M.G.; Burls, N.B.; Fedorov, A.V.; Thomas, M.D.; Liu, W.; Penman, D.E.; Ford, H.L.; Jacobs, P.; Planavsky, N.J.; Hull, P.M.
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-10-21
#   Published_Title: Decoupling of temperature and pH gradients along the equatorial Pacific during the Pliocene
#   Journal_Name: Nature
#   Volume: 598
#   Edition: 
#   Issue: 
#   Pages: 457-461
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#   DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03884-7
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#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: Ocean dynamics in the equatorial Pacific drive tropical climate patterns that affect marine and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. How this region will respond to global warming has profound implications for global climate, economic stability and ecosystem health. As a result, numerous studies have investigated equatorial Pacific dynamics during the Pliocene (5.3–2.6 million years ago) and late Miocene (around 6 million years ago) as an analogue for the future behaviour of the region under global warming. Palaeoceanographic records from this time present an apparent paradox with proxy evidence of a reduced east–west sea surface temperature gradient along the equatorial Pacific—indicative of reduced wind-driven upwelling—conflicting with evidence of enhanced biological productivity in the east Pacific that typically results from stronger upwelling. Here we reconcile these observations by providing new evidence for a radically different-from-modern circulation regime in the early Pliocene/late Miocene that results in older, more acidic and more nutrient-rich water reaching the equatorial Pacific. These results provide a mechanism for enhanced productivity in the early Pliocene/late Miocene east Pacific even in the presence of weaker wind-driven upwelling. Our findings shed new light on equatorial Pacific dynamics and help to constrain the potential changes they will undergo in the near future, given that the Earth is expected to reach Pliocene-like levels of warming in the next century.
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# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#   Grant: 1602557, 170251,1844380
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# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
#   Grant: Sloan Ocean Fellowship
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# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
#   Grant: Guggenheim Fellowship
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# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: ARCHANGE Project, France
#   Grant: ANR-18-MPGA-0001
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# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Global Ocean
#   Location: Global Ocean
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 90
#   Southernmost_Latitude: -80
#   Easternmost_Longitude: 180
#   Westernmost_Longitude: -180
#   Elevation_m: 
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: Global Ocean ModelOutput Shankle2021
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#   Last_Year: 
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#   Parameter_Keywords:
#   Notes: This directory contains 15 netcdf files, 13 of which are model output. For both the early Pliocene/late Miocene experimental run ("PlioMio") and pre-Industrial control run ("PI") of the model, there are netcdf files for pH, ventilation age ("IAGE"), meridional overturning circulation ("MOC") (for the Atlantic and Pacific basins (see Extended Data 4e-h), and globally), and an "adjustment" file which contains variables for the zonal pH gradient, zonal sea surface temperature gradient, and Pacific meridional overturning strength (see Extended Data 4a-d). There is also the output of the Lagrangian analysis, "PMOC_Water_TropPacific_trajectories_yz.nc"). Besides these 13 model output files, there is also a "basin_mask.nc" file, which was used in the making of model output figures, and a "bilinear_116x100_180x360_peri.nc" file, which is simply an output from the Python package xesmf's "Regridder" function (which was used in the making of model output figures).
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# Chronology_Information 
#   Chronology: 
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# Variables
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
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# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
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## delta_pH	pH,sea water,,dimensionless,,paleoclimatic modeling,,,N, zonal pH gradient by year; in files "PI_Adjustment_Timeseries.nc" and "PlioMio_Adjustment_Timeseries.nc"
## delta_SST	sea surface temperature,,,degree Celsius,,paleoclimatic modeling,,,N, zonal SST gradient by year; in files "PI_Adjustment_Timeseries.nc" and "PlioMio_Adjustment_Timeseries.nc"
## PMOC_max	meridional overturning streamfunction,,,sverdrup,,paleoclimatic modeling,,,N, maximum of the Pacific meridional overturning streamfunction by year; in files "PI_Adjustment_Timeseries.nc" and "PlioMio_Adjustment_Timeseries.nc"
## MOC	meridional overturning streamfunction,,,sverdrup,,paleoclimatic modeling,,,N,Atlantic meridional overturning streamfunction by transport_region/time/depth/lat; in files "PI_Atlantic_MOC.nc" and "PlioMio_Atlantic_MOC.nc"
## MOC	meridional overturning streamfunction,,,sverdrup,,paleoclimatic modeling,,,N,global meridional overturning streamfunction by transport_region/time/depth/lat; in files "PI_Global_MOC.nc" and "PlioMio_Global_MOC.nc"
## IAGE	ventilation age,sea water,,year,,paleoclimatic modeling,,,N, by time/depth/lat/lon; in files "PI_IAGE.nc" and "PlioMio_IAGE.nc"
## MOC	meridional overturning streamfunction,,,sverdrup,,paleoclimatic modeling,,,N,Pacific meridional overturning streamfunction by time/depth/lat; in files "PI_Pacific_MOC.nc" and "PlioMio_Pacific_MOC.nc"
## pH_3D	pH,sea water,,dimensionless,,paleoclimatic modeling,,,N, by time/depth/lat/lon; in files "PI_pH.nc" and "PlioMio_pH.nc"
## PMOC_pacific_trajectories_yz	meridional overturning streamfunction,,,sverdrup,,paleoclimatic modeling,,,N,Pacific meridional overturning Langrangian analysis by lat/depth; in file "PMOC_water_TropPacific_trajectories_yz.nc"
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: nan
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# Data in 13 netCDF files at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/shankle2021/netcdf_files/