Caribbean Foraminiferal Mg/Ca, d18OCalcite, and Paleosalinity --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Caribbean Foraminiferal Mg/Ca, d18OCalcite, and Paleosalinity LAST UPDATE: 3/2004 (Original Receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Matthew W. Schmidt, Howard J. Spero, David W. Lea IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2004-011 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Schmidt, M.W., et al., 2004, Caribbean Foraminiferal Mg/Ca, d18OCalcite, and Paleosalinity, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2004-011. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder, CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Schmidt, M.W., H.J. Spero, and D.W. Lea. 2004. Links between salinity variation in the Caribbean and North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Nature, vol. 428, 11 March 2004, p. 160-163. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Atlantic Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 130 - 3 KyrBP ABSTRACT: Variations in the strength of North Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation have been linked to rapid climate changes during the last glacial cycle through oscillations in North Atlantic Deep Water formation and northward oceanic heat flux. The strength of the thermohaline circulations depends on the supply of warm, salty water to the North Atlantic, which, after losing heat to the atmosphere, produces the dense water masses that sink to great depths and circulate back south. Here we analyse two Caribbean Sea sediment cores, combining Mg/Ca palaeothermometry with measurements of oxygen isotopes in foraminiferal calcite in order to reconstruct tropical Atlantic surface salinity during the last glacial cycle. We find that the Caribbean salinity oscillated between saltier conditions during the cold oxygen isotope stages 2, 4 and 6, and lower salinities during the warm stages 3 and 5, covarying with the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water formation. At the initiation of the Bolling/Allerod warm interval, Caribbean surface salinity decreased abruptly, suggesting that the advection of salty tropical waters into the North Atlantic amplified thermohaline circulation and contributed to high-latitude warming. DESCRIPTION: We combine Mg/Ca paleothermometry with d18Ocalcite measurements on the planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber from two Caribbean cores and reconstruct d18Oseawater (d18OSW) variation (a proxy for salinity) during the last glacial cycle. We demonstrate that Caribbean surface d18OSW oscillated between more positive values (saltier) conditions during cold oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 2, 4, and 6 and modern values during warm OIS 3 and 5. Core locations: VM28-122: 11o 34'N, 78o 25'W 3623 m depth ODP 999A: 12o 45'N, 78o 44'W 2827 m depth DATA: 1. Data for VM28-122 Column 1: Depth (cm) Column 2: Age(ka BP) Column 3: d18O-calcite Column 4: Mg/Ca(m) Column 5: SST (oC) Column 6: d18O-SW Depth Age(ka) d18O-calc. Mg/Ca(m) SST d18O-SW 2 2.78 4 3.13 -1.97 3.833 27.9 0.66 6 3.48 -1.91 8 3.83 -1.88 10 4.18 -1.73 3.65 27.3 0.79 14 4.87 -1.86 16 5.22 -1.77 18 5.57 -1.8 20 5.92 -1.89 3.751 27.6 0.69 22 6.27 -1.63 24 6.62 -1.83 26 6.91 -1.96 3.817 27.8 0.66 28 7.2 -1.95 3.724 27.6 0.61 30 7.49 -1.8 32 7.78 -1.6 3.627 27.3 0.9 34 8.07 -1.71 36 8.37 -1.59 38 8.66 -1.63 40 8.95 -1.54 42 9.24 -1.47 44 9.53 -1.47 3.814 27.8 1.15 46 9.82 -1.5 3.819 27.8 1.12 48 10.12 -1.58 3.804 27.8 1.03 50 10.25 -1.57 52 10.39 -1.57 3.65 27.3 0.94 54 10.53 -1.51 3.727 27.6 1.05 56 10.66 -1.32 3.81 27.8 1.29 58 10.8 -1.4 3.98 28.3 1.31 60 11.16 -1.36 3.993 28.3 1.36 62 11.53 -1.14 3.787 27.7 1.46 64 11.9 -1.27 3.88 28 1.38 66 12.26 -0.88 3.817 27.8 1.74 68 12.63 -0.77 3.642 27.3 1.74 70 13 -0.75 3.481 26.8 1.65 72 13.36 -0.84 3.782 27.7 1.76 74 13.73 -0.98 3.709 27.5 1.58 76 13.86 -0.75 3.676 27.4 1.78 78 13.98 -0.82 3.512 26.9 1.6 80 14.11 -0.76 3.742 27.6 1.81 82 14.24 -0.76 3.66 27.4 1.76 84 14.36 -0.83 3.772 27.7 1.76 86 14.49 -0.73 3.676 27.4 1.8 88 14.62 -0.54 3.768 27.7 2.04 90 14.75 -0.68 3.863 28 1.97 92 14.87 -0.47 3.712 27.5 2.08 94 15 -0.55 3.753 27.6 2.03 96 15.13 -0.39 3.739 27.6 2.18 100 15.38 -0.35 3.74 27.6 2.22 102 15.62 -0.19 3.715 27.5 2.37 104 15.85 -0.29 3.472 26.8 2.11 106 16.09 -0.31 3.373 26.5 2.02 108 16.33 -0.11 3.376 26.5 2.22 110 16.57 -0.18 3.314 26.3 2.11 112 16.8 -0.15 3.233 26 2.09 114 17.04 -0.2 116 17.28 -0.24 118 17.52 -0.09 3.43 26.6 2.29 120 17.75 -0.12 3.323 26.3 2.18 122 17.99 -0.2 124 18.6 -0.1 3.246 26 2.14 126 19.21 -0.09 3.2 25.9 2.12 128 19.82 0 3.61 27.2 2.49 130 20.43 -0.09 3.487 26.8 2.32 132 21.05 -0.19 3.148 25.7 1.99 134 21.66 -0.18 3.237 26 2.06 136 22.4 -0.11 3.334 26.3 2.2 138 23.14 -0.26 3.324 26.3 2.04 140 23.88 -0.3 142 24.62 -0.17 147 25.36 -0.32 3.383 26.5 2.02 152 25.66 -0.33 157 25.88 -0.28 3.337 26.3 2.03 162 26.7 -0.29 3.52 26.9 2.14 167 27.52 -0.4 3.584 27.1 2.08 172 28.34 -0.33 177 29.15 -0.32 3.548 27 2.13 182 29.97 -0.39 3.494 26.8 2.02 187 30.79 -0.55 3.388 26.5 1.79 192 31.61 -0.47 3.41 26.6 1.88 197 32.43 -0.31 3.227 26 1.92 202 33.25 -0.36 3.589 27.1 2.11 207 34.06 -0.34 3.587 27.1 2.13 212 34.88 -0.41 3.576 27.1 2.06 217 35.7 -0.7 3.265 26.1 1.56 222 36.52 -0.45 3.264 26.1 1.81 227 37.02 -0.5 3.224 26 1.73 232 37.53 -0.65 3.112 25.6 1.5 237 38.03 -0.26 3.329 26.3 2.04 242 38.53 -0.75 3.372 26.5 1.58 247 39.03 -0.38 3.417 26.6 1.98 252 39.54 -0.56 3.313 26.3 1.73 257 40.04 -0.49 3.372 26.5 1.84 262 40.54 -0.58 3.504 26.9 1.84 267 41.04 -0.41 3.501 26.9 2.01 2. Data for ODP 999A Column 1: Depth (cm) Column 2: Age(ka BP) Column 3: d18O-calcite Column 4: Mg/Ca(m) Column 5: SST (oC) Column 6: d18O-SW Depth Age(ka d18O-calc. Mg/Ca SST d18O-SW 1 3.52 -1.86 4.14 28.2 0.84 4 3.86 -1.85 4.161 28.3 0.87 6 4.08 -1.81 4.062 28 0.85 9 4.41 -1.77 4.057 28 0.89 11 4.63 -2.01 4.253 28.5 0.76 13 4.86 -1.91 4.229 28.5 0.84 16 5.19 -1.83 3.967 27.8 0.77 21 5.75 -1.87 4.147 28.3 0.84 26 6.78 -1.65 4.155 28.3 1.06 31 7.82 -1.75 4.145 28.3 0.95 38 9.28 -1.41 3.891 27.6 1.15 43 10.32 -1.2 3.854 27.4 1.34 48 11.65 -0.95 3.672 26.9 1.48 53 12.96 -0.83 3.718 27.1 1.63 56 13.75 -0.62 3.808 27.3 1.89 61 15.07 -0.56 3.819 27.3 1.96 66 16.38 -0.3 3.712 27 2.15 71 17.26 -0.18 3.537 26.5 2.17 76 18.14 -0.05 3.373 26 2.18 81 19.01 -0.1 3.347 25.9 2.11 86 19.89 0.02 3.509 26.4 2.34 91 20.77 -0.26 3.225 25.5 1.87 96 21.65 0.07 3.351 25.9 2.29 101 22.25 -0.23 3.537 26.5 2.11 106 23.31 0.03 3.458 26.2 2.32 111 24.37 -0.08 3.495 26.4 2.23 116 25.43 -0.17 3.334 25.8 2.04 121 26.49 -0.32 3.409 26.1 1.94 126 27.55 -0.31 3.7 27 2.13 131 28.61 -0.37 3.594 26.7 2.01 136 29.67 -0.33 3.471 26.3 1.96 141 30.07 -0.39 3.415 26.1 1.87 146 30.48 -0.3 3.5 26.4 2.02 153 32.21 -0.51 3.576 26.6 1.86 156 32.95 -0.37 3.48 26.3 1.93 161 34.19 -0.61 3.638 26.8 1.8 166 35.43 -0.63 3.526 26.5 1.7 171 36.67 -0.64 3.542 26.5 1.7 176 37.9 -0.64 3.225 25.5 1.49 181 39.14 -0.56 3.571 26.6 1.8 188 40.88 -0.52 3.335 25.8 1.69 193 42.11 -0.69 3.429 26.1 1.58 196 42.86 -0.62 3.204 25.4 1.49 201 44.1 -0.66 3.209 25.4 1.46 206 45.33 -0.75 3.315 25.8 1.44 211 46.57 -0.65 3.409 26.1 1.61 216 47.81 -0.72 3.456 26.2 1.57 221 49.05 -0.71 3.444 26.2 1.57 226 50.29 -0.69 3.47 26.3 1.6 231 51.52 -0.7 3.259 25.6 1.45 236 52.76 -0.76 3.62 26.8 1.63 241 54 -0.85 3.447 26.2 1.43 246 55.24 -0.93 3.56 26.6 1.43 251 56.48 -0.74 3.463 26.3 1.55 256 57.71 -0.47 3.47 26.3 1.82 261 58.95 -0.52 3.401 26.1 1.73 266 60.19 -0.54 3.529 26.5 1.79 271 61.43 -0.58 3.568 26.6 1.78 276 62.67 -0.55 3.752 27.2 1.92 281 63.9 -0.44 3.765 27.2 2.04 286 65.14 -0.43 3.892 27.6 2.13 291 66.38 -0.37 3.727 27.1 2.09 296 67.62 -0.79 3.756 27.2 1.69 303 69.35 -0.69 3.689 27 1.75 306 70.1 -0.87 3.686 27 1.56 311 71.33 -0.89 3.62 26.8 1.5 316 72.57 -1.1 3.632 26.8 1.3 321 73.81 -1.19 3.44 26.2 1.09 326 75.05 -1.24 3.807 27.3 1.27 331 76.29 -1.16 3.57 26.6 1.2 338 78.02 -1.15 3.348 25.9 1.06 343 79.26 -1.16 3.35 25.9 1.06 346 80 -1.32 3.365 25.9 0.91 351 81.5 -1.35 3.514 26.4 0.98 356 83 -1.27 3.581 26.6 1.1 361 84.5 -1.45 3.498 26.4 0.87 366 86 -1.15 3.635 26.8 1.25 371 87.5 -1.23 3.71 27 1.22 376 89 -0.9 3.839 27.4 1.63 381 90.65 -1.09 3.698 27 1.35 386 92.3 -1.08 3.496 26.4 1.23 392 93.92 -1.25 3.487 26.3 1.06 396 95 -1.24 3.634 26.8 1.16 401 96.5 -1.34 3.683 26.9 1.09 406 98 -1.37 3.666 26.9 1.05 411 99.18 -1.34 3.594 26.7 1.04 416 100.35 -1.35 3.927 27.7 1.23 421 101.53 -1.31 3.614 26.7 1.08 426 102.71 -1.32 3.974 27.8 1.29 431 103.88 -1.35 3.554 26.5 1 436 105.06 -1.33 3.662 26.9 1.09 441 106.24 -1.58 3.477 26.3 0.72 453 109.06 -1.29 3.406 26.1 0.96 457 110 -1.05 3.584 26.6 1.32 461 110.98 -1.31 3.409 26.1 0.95 465 111.96 -1.34 3.601 26.7 1.04 470 113.18 -1.33 3.477 26.3 0.97 476 114.65 -1.53 3.593 26.7 0.85 481 115.88 -1.7 3.722 27.1 0.76 488 117.59 -1.85 3.931 27.7 0.73 493 118.82 -1.96 3.746 27.1 0.51 498 120.04 -1.88 4.053 28 0.78 503 121.44 -1.74 4.107 28.2 0.95 506 123.89 -2.07 4.453 29.1 0.8 511 126.1 -1.83 4.311 28.7 0.97 517 128.6 -1.68 4.655 29.5 1.3 522 130.75 -1.76 4.516 29.2 1.15 526 131.80 -1.51 4.26 28.6 1.26 531 132.80 -0.89 3.88 27.5 1.67 537 133.20 -0.55 4.01 27.9 2.08 542 135.10 -0.54 3.81 27.3 1.97 547 135.90 -0.24 3.32 25.8 1.95