# North Atlantic SST, isotope and Ice-Rafted Debris Data during the last interglacial and glacial #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://www.hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:14650 # Online_Resource: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/sanchezgoni2013/sanchezgoni2013-md99-2331-ird.txt # # Archive: Paleoceanography # #-------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-15 #-------------------------------- # Title: North Atlantic SST, Isotope and Ice-Rafted Debris Data during the last interglacial and glacial #-------------------------------- # Investigators: Sanchez Goñi, M.F. #-------------------- # Description and Notes: # This dataset includes Ice Rafted Debris concentration in grains/gram of dry sediment, foraminifera and alkenone-derived Sea Surface Temperatures, and the percentages of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma left coiling for the period 46-141 ka. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Sanchez Goñi et al. # Journal_Name: Nature Geosciences # Published_Title: Increased air-sea thermal gradient during the last interglacial/glacial transition # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013 # Volume: # Pages: # DOI: # Abstract: #-------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Naughton, F., M.F. Sanchez Goñi, M. Kageyama, E. Bard, J. Duprat, E. Cortijo, S. Desprat, B. Malaize, C. Joli, F. Rostek, and J.L. Turon # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters # Published_Title: Wet to dry climatic trend in north western Iberia within Heinrich events # Published_Date_or_Year: 2009 # Volume: 284 # Pages: 329-342 # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.001 # Abstract: The direct sea–land correlation applied to core MD99-2331 retrieved from the north-western Iberian margin shows a two-phase pattern within Heinrich events 4, 2 and 1 in the ocean and in the adjacent landmasses. Changes between wet/cold and dry/cool conditions in the Iberian Peninsula detected during these extreme events cannot be explained by a simple oceanographic mechanism related to changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here we propose an additional atmospheric mechanism able to produce this scenario based on the comparison between the MD99-2331 record and other available palaeoclimate sequences from the North Atlantic region (18–75°N and 0–75°W). The climatic asymmetry observed between mid- and subtropical eastern North Atlantic latitudes (wet/dry) and the Blake Outer Ridge (dry/wet) during H4, H2 and H1 can be explained by changes in the position of the Atlantic jet-stream. During the first phase of H4, H2 and H1 the Atlantic jet-stream was located further south following the southward displacement of the oceanic thermal front as far south as 35°–37°N. On the contrary, during the second phase of H4, H2 and H1 the jet-stream was located further north following the northward displacement of this thermal front as far north as 42°N. From the atmospheric point of view, these two phases are reminiscent of the present-day negative and positive prevailing modes of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), respectively, but high-resolution studies of additional North Atlantic key sites and climate simulations are needed to confirm the hypothesis of a NAO-like mechanism operating on millennial timescales. #-------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Sanchez-Goñi, M.F., A. Landais, I. Cacho, J. Duprat, and L. Rossignol # Journal_Name: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems # Published_Title: Contrasting intrainterstadial climatic evolution between high and middle latitudes: A close-up of Greenland Interstadials 8 and 12 # Published_Date_or_Year: 2009 # Volume: 10 # Issue: 4 # Report_Number: Q04U04 # Pages: # DOI: 10.1029/2008GC002369 # Abstract: Three highly resolved pollen and sea surface temperature records from the Iberian margin (36–42°N) reveal the local evolution of vegetation and climate associated with the rapid climatic variability of marine isotope stage 3. The comparison of the climate at these midlatitudes with δD and d excess from Greenland ice cores shows that the north-south climatic gradient underwent strong variations during the long Greenland Interstadials (GIs) 8 and 12. After the Northern Hemispheric rapid warming at the Greenland Stadial (GS)-GI transition, the trend during the first part of the GI is a Greenland cooling and an Iberian warming. This increase of the North Atlantic climatic gradient led to moisture transportation to Greenland from midlatitudes (lightest d excess) and to a drying episode in Iberia. The subsequent temperature decrease in Greenland and Iberia associated with the precipitation increase in the latter region occurred when the major source of Greenland precipitation shifted to lower latitudes (d excess increase). #-------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Naughton, F., M.F. Sanchez Goñi, S. Desprata, J.-L. Turona, J. Duprata, B. Malaizéa, C. Jolia, E. Cortijo, T. Dragod, and M.C. Freitas # Journal_Name: Marine Micropaleontology # Published_Title: Present-day and past (last 25 000 years) marine pollen signal off western Iberia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2007 # Volume: 62 # Pages: 91-114 # DOI: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.07.006 # Abstract: The comparison between modern terrestrial and marine pollen signals in and off western Iberia shows that marine pollen assemblages give an integrated image of the regional vegetation colonising the adjacent continent. Present-day Mediterranean and Atlantic forest communities of Iberia are well discriminated by south and north marine pollen spectra, respectively. Results from Total Pollen Concentration together with recognized conceptual models of fine particle dynamics in the Iberian margin have allowed us to establish the present-day pattern of pollen dispersion in this region.The 25 000 year-long record of continental (pollen) and marine (δ18O of Globigerina bulloides, Ice-rafted detritus—IRD and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma s.) proxies, from the Galician margin composite core (MD99-2331 and MD03-2697), show that vegetation cover in north-western Iberia has responded contemporaneously to the climate variability of the North-Atlantic. The vegetation response to the well known North Atlantic Heinrich events 2 and 1 (H2 and H1) is however complex and characterised by two vegetation phases at low and mid-altitudes of north-western Iberia. The beginning of each Heinrich event is marked on land by an important pine forest reduction and the expansion of heathers which are synchronous with the heaviest planktic δ18O values and the maxima of N. pachyderma (s.) suggesting that these first phases were cold and wet. Pinus forest expansion characterising the second phase of each Heinrich event indicates a less cold episode associated, during H1, with an increase of dryness as suggested by the development of semi-desert associations. The comparison of our Galician margin multi-proxy record with several pollen sequences from in and off Iberia allows us to demonstrate that H1 event is the marine equivalent of the Oldest Dryas on the continent. The occurrence of temperate trees during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the rapid expansion of deciduous Quercus during the Bölling-Allerød period in our Galician margin composite sequence show that not only the southern but also north-western Iberia was a refugium zone for deciduous trees during the last glacial period, especially at low and mid-altitude zones. Furthermore, the comparison between southern and northern marine and terrestrial sequences allows us to confirm that vegetation responded to the Bölling-Allerød warming, the Younger Dryas cold event and the Holocene more quickly in low and mid-altitudes of north-western Iberia and in the south than in the high altitude northern region most likely as the result of the higher density of refugia for temperate trees in these zones during the LGM. #-------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Sanchez Goñi, M.F., M.F. Loutre, M. Crucifix, O. Peyron, L. Santos, J. Duprat, B. Malaize, J.-L. Turon, and J.-P. Peypouquet # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Published_Title: Increasing vegetation and climate gradient in Western Europe over the Last Glacial Inception (122–110 ka): data-model comparison # Published_Date_or_Year: 2005 # Volume: 231 # Issue: 1-2 # Pages: 111-130 # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.12.010 # Abstract: High-resolution terrestrial (pollen) and marine (planktic and benthic isotopes, coarse fraction, and N. pachyderma (s)) analyses have been performed in the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 interval of IMAGES core MD99-2331 retrieved in the northwestern Iberian margin. This study shows the occurrence of a Zeifen Interstadial/Stadial succession on land and in the ocean during the first part of MIS 5e. In northwestern Iberia, the Eemian is marked from 126 to 122 ka by the development of deciduous Quercus forest at the same time as Mediterranean forest colonised southern Iberia, and deciduous Quercus-Corylus forest occupied northernmost European regions. From 121 to 115 ka Carpinus betulus forest developed in NW Iberia indicating a winter cooling by 2 °C on land and an increase in annual precipitation by 100–200 mm along with a Sea Surface Temperature (SST) decreasing trend off Iberia. A similar cooling has been documented at the same time in northern Germany (52° N) by the replacement of deciduous forest by coniferous (Abies-Picea) formations, implying a southward displacement of the deciduous tree line between ∼60° N and 50° N as early as 120 ka. The southward migration of the tree line between 72° N and 58° N simulated by the Earth Model of Intermediate Complexity MoBidiC from 122 and 120 ka and considered as a major process to initiate the last glaciation is, therefore, compatible with data. Between 115 and 110 ka, the substantial ice accumulation in northern high latitudes (MIS 5e/5d transition) was synchronous with successive drops, C26 and C25, in northeastern Atlantic SST. In northwestern Iberia Abies-Pinus trees developed at the expense of Quercus-Carpinus forest. A tundra-like environment occupied northern Germany, marking the end of the interglacial in northwestern Europe at 115 ka, and boreal forest likely colonised northeastern France. The first displacement of the vegetation belts at 121 ka was enhanced at 115 ka indicating an amplification of the vegetation and climate gradients in northeastern Atlantic and European borderlands probably related with the well-developed ice caps at that time. The comparison between the general trend in the estimated and simulated MoBidiC winter and summer temperatures for latitudes between 35 and 45° N, shows that both follow quite straightforwardly the precession signal although the simulated and reconstructed temperatures agree better in the South than North of 40° N. Annual precipitation is exhibiting opposite trend in the data and in the model. This contradiction is likely the fact that the zonal climate simulated by the model may not accurately represent the regional climate features, as reconstructed from the pollen. #-------------------------------- # Funding_Agency: # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------------------- # Site Information: # Site_Name: MD99-2331 # Location: North Atlantic Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: 42.15 # Southernmost_Latitude: 42.15 # Easternmost_Longitude: -9.68 # Westernmost_Longitude: -9.68 # Elevation: -2110 #-------------------------------- # Data Collection # Collection_Name: MD99-2331-SG13 IRD # Oldest_Year: 141000 # Most_Recent_Year: 46000 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: This dataset includes Ice Rafted Debris concentration in grains/gram of dry sediment for the period 46-141 ka. #-------------------------------- # Chronology # MD99-2331 # Control points Depth (cm) Age ka b2k GICC05 (Wolff et al., 2010) for D-O; Sanchez Goñi & Harrison, 2010 for HS; Shackleton et al., 2000; Sanchez Goñi et al. 2012, Masson-Delmotte et al, 2010 PNAS and Waelbroeck per. com. # D-O 2 23.34 Wolff et al., 2010 # D-O 3 27.78 Wolff et al., 2010 # D-O 4 805 28.9 Wolff et al., 2010 # D-O 5 875 32.5 Wolff et al., 2010 # D-O 6 900 33.74 Wolff et al., 2010 # D-O 7 930 35.48 Wolff et al., 2010 # D-O 8 990 38.22 Wolff et al., 2010 # D-O 10 1060 41.46 Wolff et al., 2010 # D-O 11 1100 43.34 Wolff et al., 2010 # D-O 12 1150 46.86 Wolff et al., 2010 # Coiling ratio Globorotalia hirsuta (s) to (d) 1240 52.881 This work (age calculated for the coiling ratio in MD95-2042) # D-O 14 1260 54.22 Wolff et al., 2010 # D-O 17 1345 59.44 Wolff et al., 2010 # Top Mélisey 2 (MIS 5a) 1625 82.9 Shackleton et al., 2000 (MIS 5a lightest value) # Top Montaigu 1732 102.6 Sanchez Goñi et al., 2012 # Top St Germain 1a 1742 105.1 Sanchez Goñi et al., 2012 # Top Mélisey 1 1765 108.8 Sanchez Goñi et al., 2012 # Top Eemian 1777 112 Sanchez Goñi et al., 2012 # Base Eemian 1877 129.2 Masson-Delmotte et al., 2010 & Waelbroeck, per.com. # Onset HS 11 (MIS 6/5) 1915 135 Sanchez Goñi et al., 2012 # MIS 6.2 2070 141 Sanchez Goñi et al., 2012 # #-------------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth_cm depth,,,cm,,,,,N ## age_calkaBP age,,,cal ka BP,,,,,N ## ird/g ice rafted debris,,,grains/g,,,,,N # Data: depth_cm Age_calkaBP ird/g 1150 46.86 2.037821976 1160 47.52909091 2.05581859 1170 48.19818182 4.075533216 1180 48.86727273 107.8697422 1190 49.53636364 3.03030303 1200 50.20545455 0.243743906 1210 50.87454545 0 1220 51.54363636 0 1230 52.21272727 0 1240 52.88181818 0 1250 53.55090909 0 1260 54.22 1.126126126 1270 54.83411765 0.195236236 1280 55.44823529 0 1290 56.06235294 0.150105074 1300 56.67647059 0.179694519 1310 57.29058824 0 1320 57.90470588 1.832284859 1330 58.51882353 4.649446494 1340 59.13294118 17.22468179 1350 59.72666667 24.19404549 1360 60.3 7.241298762 1370 60.87333333 12.19598167 1380 61.44666667 5.652378709 1390 62.02 5.822882007 1400 62.59333333 4.164959716 1410 63.16666667 4.82632044 1420 63.74 2.328589909 1430 64.31333333 0.943396226 1440 65.04277778 0.222189305 1450 65.92833333 0.128287364 1460 66.81388889 0.944767442 1470 67.69944444 0 1480 68.585 0.147383935 1490 69.47055556 0 1495 69.91333333 0 1500 70.35611111 0 1510 71.24166667 0 1520 72.12722222 0 1530 73.04 0.628733103 1540 73.98 0 1545 74.45 0 1550 74.92 0 1555 75.39 0 1560 75.86 0 1565 76.33 0 1570 76.88181818 0 1575 77.43363636 0 1580 77.98545455 0 1585 78.53727273 0 1590 79.08909091 0 1595 79.64090909 0 1600 80.19272727 0 1605 80.74454545 0 1610 81.29636364 0 1615 81.84818182 0 1620 82.4 0 1625 82.95555556 0 1630 83.51111111 0 1635 84.06666667 0 1640 84.62222222 0 1645 85.17777778 0 1650 85.73333333 0 1655 86.28888889 0 1660 86.84444444 0 1665 87.4 0 1670 88.53432836 0 1675 89.66865672 0 1680 90.80298507 0 1685 91.93731343 0 1690 93.07164179 0 1695 94.20597015 0 1700 95.34029851 0 1705 96.47462687 0 1710 97.60895522 0 1715 98.74328358 0 1720 99.87761194 0 1725 101.0119403 0 1730 102.1462687 0 1735 103.35 0 1740 104.6 0 1745 105.5826087 0 1750 106.3869565 0 1755 107.1913043 0 1760 107.9956522 1.709401709 1765 108.8 0 1770 110.1333333 0 1775 111.4666667 0 1780 112.516 0 1785 113.376 0 1790 114.236 0 1795 115.096 0 1800 115.956 0 1805 116.816 0 1810 117.676 0 1815 118.536 0 1820 119.396 0 1825 120.256 0 1830 121.116 0 1835 121.976 0 1840 122.836 0 1845 123.696 0 1850 124.556 0 1855 125.416 0 1860 126.276 0 1865 127.136 0 1870 127.996 0 1875 128.856 0 1880 129.6578947 0 1880 129.6578947 0 1885 130.4210526 0 1890 131.1842105 0 1895 131.9473684 0 1900 132.7105263 0.183722212 1905 133.4736842 0.602409639 1910 134.2368421 0.38197097 1915 135 0 1920 135.1935484 0.848716317 1925 135.3870968 1.042752868 1930 135.5806452 1.706161137 1935 135.7741935 0.103626943 1940 135.9677419 0 1945 136.1612903 0.106382979 1950 136.3548387 0 1955 136.5483871 0 1960 136.7419355 0 1965 136.9354839 3.702397743 1970 137.1290323 2.054794521 1975 137.3225806 0 1980 137.516129 4.297520661 1985 137.7096774 0 1990 137.9032258 6.240713224 1995 138.0967742 0 2000 138.2903226 1.15506786 2005 138.483871 0 2010 138.6774194 0 2020 139.0645161 0 2030 139.4516129 0.514933059 2040 139.8387097 0.446894086 2050 140.2258065 6.193548387 2060 140.6129032 0.921780353 2070 141 0