# 860,000 Years of benthic oxygen isotope in the South China Sea foraminifera #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22390 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/by_contributor/ren2017/ren2017.txt # Description: NOAA location of this template # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-11-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2017-11-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: 860,000 Years of benthic oxygen isotope in the South China Sea foraminifera #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Ren, H.; Sigman, D.M.; Martinez-Garcia, A.; Anderson, R.F.; Chen, M.-T.; Ravelo, A.C.; Straub, M.; Wong, G.T.F.; Haug, G.H. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: 860,000 Years of benthic oxygen isotope in the South China Sea foraminifera #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Ren, H.; Sigman, D.M.; Martinez-Garcia, A.; Anderson, R.F.; Chen, M.-T.; Ravelo, A.C.; Straub, M.; Wong, G.T.F.; Haug, G.H. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017-7-31 # Published_Title: Impact of glacial/interglacial sea level change on the ocean nitrogen cycle # Journal_Name: PNAS # Volume: 114 # Issue: 33 # Pages: E6759-E6766 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701315114 # Online_Resource: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1701315114 # Abstract: The continental shelves are the most biologically dynamic regions of the ocean, and they are extensive worldwide, especially in the western North Pacific. Their area has varied dramatically over the glacial/interglacial cycles of the last million years, but the effects of this variation on ocean biological and chemical processes remain poorly understood. Conversion of nitrate to N2 by denitrification in sediments accounts for half or more of the removal of biologically available nitrogen ("fixed N") from the ocean. The emergence of continental shelves during ice ages and their flooding during interglacials have been hypothesized to drive changes in sedimentary denitrification. Denitrification leads to the occurrence of phosphorus-bearing, N-depleted surface waters, which encourages N2 fixation, the dominant N input to the ocean. An 860,000-y record of foraminifera shell-bound N isotopes from the South China Sea indicates that N2 fixation covaried with sea level. The N2 fixation changes are best explained as a response to changes in regional excess phosphorus supply due to sea level-driven variations in shallow sediment denitrification associated with the cyclic drowning and emergence of the continental shelves. This hypothesis is consistent with a glacial ocean that hosted globally lower rates of fixed N input and loss and a longer residence time for oceanic fixed N-a "sluggish" ocean N budget during ice ages. In addition, this work provides a clear sign of sea level-driven glacial/interglacial oscillations in biogeochemical fluxes at and near the ocean margins, with implications for coastal organisms and ecosystems. #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: MD97-2142 # Location: South China Sea # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 12.68 # Southernmost_Latitude: 12.68 # Easternmost_Longitude: 119.45 # Westernmost_Longitude: 119.45 # Elevation: -1557 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: MD97-2142 d18O Ren2017 # Earliest_Year: 860,000 # Most_Recent_Year: 0 # Time_Unit: calyrBP # Notes: #------------------ # Variables # ## depth_cm depth, , , cm, , , , ,N, ## age_ka age, , , calendar ka BP, , , , ,N, ## d18Owuell.sp delta 18O, wuellerstorfi spp., , per mil VPDB, ,benthic foraminifera, , ,N, #---------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA # depth_cm age_ka d18Owuell.sp 1 1 3.303 17 1.94118 3.334 33 2.88235 3.447 65 4.76471 3.361 81 8.81296 3.35 141 10.4924 4.124 189 11.6985 4.196 205 12.3333 4.151 221 13.6667 4.338 237 14.493 4.352 281 18.7528 4.915 313 22.9972 4.86 329 24.9944 4.467 345 26.9915 4.673 361 28.9887 4.698 393 32.9831 4.408 409 34.9802 4.336 421 36.4781 4.317 437 38.4753 4.364 453 40.4725 4.131 469 42.4697 4.334 481 43.9675 4.275 497 45.9647 4.231 505 46.9633 4.15 513 47.9619 4.366 521 48.9605 4.286 529 49.9591 4.18 537 50.9577 4.348 545 51.9563 4.345 553 52.9548 4.611 561 53.9534 4.109 577 55.9506 4.08 585 56.9492 4.646 593 57.9478 4.582 601 58.9464 4.442 609 59.945 4.651 617 60.9436 4.564 625 61.9421 4.437 633 62.9407 4.705 641 63.9393 4.618 649 64.9379 4.702 671 67.684 4.632 675 68.1833 4.553 684 69.3067 4.614 691 70.1805 4.454 699 71.3758 4.204 707 73.1276 4.25 715 74.8794 4.122 747 81.8865 4.075 753 83.2003 3.889 757 84.0762 4.02 765 85.9623 4.068 773 88.4065 4.174 797 95.7391 3.893 805 98.1833 3.966 813 100.627 3.919 821 103.072 4.032 829 105.516 3.756 837 107.96 3.952 845 110.404 4.066 853 112.848 3.864 861 115.293 3.597 869 117.737 3.724 885 122.625 3.114 893 125.069 3.027 901 127.329 3.339 917 129.776 3.828 925 131 3.748 933 132.614 4.277 941 134.444 4.618 949 136.274 4.777 957 138.104 4.73 966 140.162 4.982 982 143.822 4.996 986 144.737 4.696 991 145.881 4.717 999 147.71 4.773 1007 149.54 4.721 1015 151.37 4.301 1030 154.801 4.355 1034 155.639 4.447 1048 157.82 4.478 1056 159.066 4.412 1064 160.312 4.42 1072 161.558 4.459 1080 162.804 4.477 1088 164.05 4.412 1096 165.296 4.393 1104 166.543 4.301 1112 167.789 4.244 1120 169.035 4.317 1124 169.658 4.168 1148 173.396 4.081 1156 174.642 4.235 1164 175.888 4.214 1172 177.134 4.122 1180 178.38 4.166 1184 179.004 3.998 1206 182.43 4.059 1214 183.676 4.188 1222 184.922 4.159 1230 186.169 4.3 1238 187.415 4.375 1246 188.661 4.166 1254 189.907 4.07 1262 191.719 4.006 1270 193.791 3.913 1278 195.863 3.911 1286 197.936 3.846 1294 200.008 3.708 1302 202.08 3.351 1310 204.153 3.345 1318 206.225 3.804 1322 207.261 3.526 1339 211.665 3.679 1347 213.737 3.383 1355 215.81 3.628 1363 217.882 3.614 1371 220.273 4.263 1379 222.829 4.281 1395 227.941 4.162 1403 230.496 3.956 1411 233.052 3.97 1419 235.608 3.656 1427 238.164 3.521 1443 243.276 3.702 1451 245.596 4.135 1459 247.064 4.122 1467 248.532 4.256 1475 249.999 4.37 1483 251.467 4.39 1493 253.302 4.446 1501 254.77 4.384 1509 256.238 4.47 1517 257.706 4.306 1525 259.174 4.362 1541 262.109 4.058 1549 263.577 4.317 1557 265.045 4.397 1565 266.513 4.208 1573 267.981 4.305 1581 269.449 4.16 1589 270.917 4.426 1597 272.385 4.362 1605 273.853 4.272 1613 275.32 4.355 1621 276.788 4.294 1629 278.256 4.103 1637 279.724 3.854 1657 284.506 3.653 1665 286.455 3.68 1673 288.405 3.861 1681 290.354 3.849 1689 292.304 3.99 1697 294.253 4.014 1705 296.203 4.042 1713 298.152 4.24 1719 299.615 4.213 1727 301.564 3.797 1731 302.539 3.892 1758 309.118 4.108 1766 311.068 3.747 1774 313.017 3.888 1782 314.967 3.699 1790 316.916 3.624 1798 318.866 3.596 1814 322.765 2.948 1822 324.714 3.373 1830 326.664 3.938 1838 328.613 3.18 1846 330.563 3.116 1857 333.243 3.246 1864 334.949 3.764 1872 337.008 3.954 1880 339.8 4.237 1888 342.592 4.483 1896 345.385 4.308 1904 348.177 4.299 1912 350.969 4.582 1920 353.761 4.457 1928 356.553 4.146 1931 357.6 4.486 1938 360.043 4.396 1946 362.835 4.062 1954 365.628 4.246 1962 368.42 4.204 1966 369.816 4.152 1974 372.608 4.198 1982 375.4 4.092 1990 378.192 4.11 1998 380.984 3.946 2006 383.776 3.97 2014 386.569 3.76 2022 387.984 3.671 2030 389.394 3.694 2038 390.804 3.726 2046 392.214 3.835 2054 393.624 3.699 2062 395.034 3.627 2070 396.443 3.748 2078 397.853 3.675 2086 399.263 3.506 2094 400.673 3.387 2102 402.083 3.314 2110 403.493 3.045 2118 404.903 3.297 2126 406.313 3.733 2134 407.723 3.317 2157 411.776 2.969 2165 413.186 3.171 2173 414.596 3.457 2181 416.006 3.394 2189 417.416 3.554 2197 418.826 3.276 2213 421.646 3.391 2244 427.109 4.377 2252 429.932 4.558 2260 436.74 4.831 2268 443.548 4.771 2276 450.356 4.503 2284 457.164 4.477 2292 463.972 4.344 2300 470.765 4.052 2308 472.552 4.132 2316 474.34 3.884 2324 476.128 4.145 2332 477.916 3.965 2340 479.703 3.822 2348 481.491 3.699 2364 485.066 3.627 2372 486.854 3.549 2380 488.642 3.408 2409 495.122 3.734 2417 496.91 3.681 2425 498.698 3.812 2433 500.486 3.88 2441 502.273 4.004 2449 504.061 3.927 2457 505.849 3.888 2465 507.636 4.24 2473 509.424 4.141 2481 511.212 3.62 2489 513 4.136 2497 514.787 3.797 2505 516.575 3.918 2511 517.916 3.765 2529 521.938 3.839 2545 525.514 3.917 2565 529.983 3.812 2580 533.642 4.222 2589 536.961 4.406 2597 539.912 4.269 2605 542.862 4.155 2613 545.813 4.115 2621 548.763 4.192 2629 551.714 4.162 2637 554.664 4.087 2645 557.614 3.998 2653 560.565 3.992 2661 563.515 3.937 2669 565.683 3.764 2681 568.228 3.893 2689 569.925 3.754 2705 573.319 3.332 2713 575.016 3.684 2721 576.713 3.685 2737 580.106 3.642 2745 582.5 4.128 2753 585.248 4.228 2761 587.996 3.998 2769 590.744 4.141 2777 593.491 4.096 2785 596.239 3.931 2793 598.987 3.928 2801 601.735 3.745 2809 604.483 3.368 2817 607.231 3.909 2825 609.979 3.825 2833 612.727 3.66 2841 615.475 3.581 2849 618.223 3.883 2857 620.971 4.015 2865 624.327 4.557 2873 628.262 4.613 2881 632.198 4.833 2889 636.134 4.916 2897 640.069 4.707 2905 644.005 4.58 2913 647.941 4.685 2921 651.877 4.546 2929 655.812 4.642 2937 659.748 4.32 2945 663.684 4.455 2953 667.62 4.281 2961 671.555 4.465 2969 675.491 4.355 2977 679.125 4.001 2985 680.768 3.898 2993 682.411 4.17 3001 684.055 4.195 3009 685.698 3.985 3017 687.341 3.666 3025 688.985 3.704 3033 690.628 3.665 3041 692.272 4.301 3049 693.915 4.277 3057 695.558 3.543 3065 697.202 3.702 3073 698.845 3.465 3081 700.489 3.579 3097 703.775 3.671 3105 705.419 3.772 3129 710.349 3.91 3137 711.992 3.831 3145 714.613 4.306 3153 717.489 4.349 3161 720.365 4.366 3169 723.241 4.233 3177 725.817 4.12 3185 727.504 4.031 3193 729.192 3.965 3201 730.879 3.965 3209 732.566 3.902 3217 734.254 3.888 3225 735.941 3.997 3233 737.629 4.091 3241 739.316 4.099 3249 741.003 4.139 3257 742.691 4.026 3265 744.859 4.4 3273 747.365 4.332 3281 749.871 4.35 3289 752.377 4.197 3297 754.883 4.255 3305 757.389 4.269 3313 759.895 4.11 3321 762.401 4.151 3329 764.907 3.923 3337 767.413 3.942 3345 769.919 3.88 3353 772.425 3.854 3361 774.931 3.937 3369 777.437 3.756 3377 779.943 3.508 3385 782.449 3.524 3425 795.534 4.25 3433 798.637 4.578 3441 801.741 4.214 3449 804.845 4.424 3457 807.948 4.233 3465 811.052 4.078 3473 814.156 4.069 3481 817.26 3.801 3489 820.363 3.922 3497 823.467 3.767 3505 826.571 3.735 3513 829.674 4.063 3521 832.778 3.801 3529 835.882 3.999 3537 838.986 3.868 3545 842.089 3.73 3553 845.193 3.723 3585 857.608 3.42