# Atlantic Ocean Stable Isotope, Geochemistry and Cadmium Seawater Data over the last 25,000 years
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#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
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#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed.
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25010
#      Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oppo2018/oppo2018-s13-knr140-glacial.txt
#      Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Archive: Paleoceanography
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# Dataset_DOI:
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# Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, carbon isotopes, geochemistry
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# Contribution_Date
#    Date: 2018-08-31
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#    Date: 2018-08-31
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# Title
#    Study_Name: Atlantic Ocean Stable Isotope, Geochemistry and Cadmium Seawater Data over the last 25,000 years
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# Investigators
#      Investigators: Oppo, Delia W. 
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#        Description: 
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# Publication
# Authors: Oppo, D.W., Gebbie, G. , Huang, K. , Curry, W.B., Marchitto, T.M. and Pietro, K.R.
# Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
# Published_Title:  Data Constraints on Glacial Atlantic Water Mass Geometry and Properties
# Journal_Name:  Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
# Volume: 33
# Edition: 
# Issue: 
# Pages: 1013-1034
# Report_Number: 
# DOI: 10.1029/2018PA003408
# Online_Resource: 
# Full_Citation: 
# Abstract: The chemical composition of benthic foraminifera from marine sediment cores provides information on how glacial subsurface water properties differed from modern, but separating the influence of changes in the origin and end‐member properties of subsurface water from changes in flows and mixing is challenging. Spatial gaps in coverage of glacial data add to the uncertainty. Here we present new data from cores collected from the Demerara Rise in the western tropical North Atlantic, including cores from the modern tropical phosphate maximum at Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) depths. The results suggest lower phosphate concentration and higher carbonate saturation state within the phosphate maximum than modern despite similar carbon isotope values, consistent with less accumulation of respired nutrients and carbon, and reduced air‐sea gas exchange in source waters to the region. An inversion of new and published glacial data confirms these inferences and further suggests that lower preformed nutrients in AAIW, and partial replacement of this still relatively high‐nutrient AAIW with nutrient‐depleted, carbonate‐rich waters sourced from the region of the modern‐day northern subtropics, also contributed to the observed changes. The results suggest that glacial preformed and remineralized phosphate were lower throughout the upper Atlantic, but deep phosphate concentration was higher. The inversion, which relies on the fidelity of the paleoceanographic data, suggests that the partial replacement of North Atlantic sourced deep water by Southern Ocean Water was largely responsible for the apparent deep North Atlantic phosphate increase, rather than greater remineralization.
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# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#    Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: WHOI Internal
#    Grant: 
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# Site_Information
# Site_Name: KNR140 core set
# Location: North Atlantic Ocean
# Country: 
# Northernmost_Latitude: 32.99
# Southernmost_Latitude: 29.08
# Easternmost_Longitude: -72.9
# Westernmost_Longitude: -76.41
# Elevation: 
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: KNR140 cores Glacial S13 Oppo2018
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#   Last_Year: 
#   Time_Unit: 
#   Core_Length: 
#   Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
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# Variables
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
## core	sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,
## lat	latitude,,,degree north,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## lon	longitude,,,degree east,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## glacial_depth	notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,Depth of glacial samples used 
## coredepth	collection water depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N,water depth at core location
## species	notes ,,,,,paleoceanography,,,N,species used for analysis
## Cd/Ca-Cib	cadmium/calcium,,,micromole per mole,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## Mn/Ca-Cib	manganese/calcium,,,micromole per mole,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## CdW-Cib	cadmium,sea water,,nanomole per kilogram,,climate reconstructions,,,N,
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: NA
core	lat	lon	glacial_depth	coredepth	species	Cd/Ca-Cib	Mn/Ca-Cib	CdW-Cib	
KNR-140-22JPC	28.03	-74.41	184.5-185.5	4712	Umbonifera	0.15976733	131.3641621	0.550921828	
KNR-140-12JPC	29.08	-72.90	230.5-231.5	4250	Umbonifera	0.157807025	194.9052009	0.544162155	
KNR-140-26GGC	29.70	-73.40	326-328	3845	Uvigerina	0.196790608	114.4184298	0.678588304	
KNR-140-28GGC	30.10	-73.84	356-357	4211	Umbonifera	0.157028757	115.7036325	0.541478472	
KNR-140-39GGC	31.67	-75.42	428.5-429.5	2975	Uvigerina	0.104828604	82.44415438	0.363505614	
KNR-140-37JPC	31.69	-75.43	405.5-406.5	2975	Uvigerina	0.089891862	109.6915148	0.311710688	
KNR-140-43GGC	32.02	-76.07	178.5-179.5	2590	Uvigerina	0.088909035	37.67600357	0.337453359	
KNR-140-64GGC	32.74	-76.13	231.5-232.5	2101	H. elegans	0.015701813	-3.614736457	0.130848446	
KNR-140-64GGC	32.74	-76.13	231.5-232.5	2101	C. wueller	0.04981585	69.64765334	0.214881492	
KNR-140-67JPC	32.74	-76.13	277-278	2102	C. wueller	0.038163642	73.33948598	0.164573565	
KNR-140-50GGC	32.75	-76.24	260-262	1903	C. wueller	0.049147688	62.61561353	0.224400583	
KNR-140-51GGC	32.78	-76.12	409.5-410.5	1790	C. wueller	0.044515539	52.81356368	0.210270678	
KNR-140-51GGC	32.78	-76.12	409.5-410.5	1790	Uvigerina	0.055950399	8.159144088	0.26428363	
KNR-140-63JPC	32.99	-76.41	73.5-74.5	900	H. elegans	0.023304951	0.539697501	0.194207927