# Atlantic Ocean Stable Isotope, Geochemistry and Cadmium Seawater Data over the last 25,000 years
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#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
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#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed.
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25010
#      Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oppo2018/oppo2018-s12-knr197-3-glacial.txt
#      Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Archive: Paleoceanography
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# Dataset_DOI:
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# Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, carbon isotopes, geochemistry
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# Contribution_Date
#    Date: 2018-08-31
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#    Date: 2018-08-31
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# Title
#    Study_Name: Atlantic Ocean Stable Isotope, Geochemistry and Cadmium Seawater Data over the last 25,000 years
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# Investigators
#      Investigators: Oppo, Delia W. 
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#        Description: 
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# Publication
# Authors: Oppo, D.W., Gebbie, G. , Huang, K. , Curry, W.B., Marchitto, T.M. and Pietro, K.R.
# Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
# Published_Title:  Data Constraints on Glacial Atlantic Water Mass Geometry and Properties
# Journal_Name:  Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
# Volume: 33
# Edition: 
# Issue: 
# Pages: 1013-1034
# Report_Number: 
# DOI: 10.1029/2018PA003408
# Online_Resource: 
# Full_Citation: 
# Abstract: The chemical composition of benthic foraminifera from marine sediment cores provides information on how glacial subsurface water properties differed from modern, but separating the influence of changes in the origin and end‐member properties of subsurface water from changes in flows and mixing is challenging. Spatial gaps in coverage of glacial data add to the uncertainty. Here we present new data from cores collected from the Demerara Rise in the western tropical North Atlantic, including cores from the modern tropical phosphate maximum at Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) depths. The results suggest lower phosphate concentration and higher carbonate saturation state within the phosphate maximum than modern despite similar carbon isotope values, consistent with less accumulation of respired nutrients and carbon, and reduced air‐sea gas exchange in source waters to the region. An inversion of new and published glacial data confirms these inferences and further suggests that lower preformed nutrients in AAIW, and partial replacement of this still relatively high‐nutrient AAIW with nutrient‐depleted, carbonate‐rich waters sourced from the region of the modern‐day northern subtropics, also contributed to the observed changes. The results suggest that glacial preformed and remineralized phosphate were lower throughout the upper Atlantic, but deep phosphate concentration was higher. The inversion, which relies on the fidelity of the paleoceanographic data, suggests that the partial replacement of North Atlantic sourced deep water by Southern Ocean Water was largely responsible for the apparent deep North Atlantic phosphate increase, rather than greater remineralization.
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# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#    Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: WHOI Internal
#    Grant: 
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# Site_Information
# Site_Name: KNR197-3 core set
# Location: North Atlantic Ocean
# Country: 
# Northernmost_Latitude: 8.42
# Southernmost_Latitude: 7.2
# Easternmost_Longitude: -52.786
# Westernmost_Longitude: -53.916
# Elevation: 
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: KNR197-3 cores Glacial Oppo2018
#   First_Year: 
#   Last_Year: 
#   Time_Unit: 
#   Core_Length: 
#   Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
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# Variables
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
## core	sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,KNR197-3 core identification
## lat	latitude,,,degree north,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## lon	longitude,,,degree east,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## coredepth	collection water depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N,water depth at core location
## D	notes ,,,,,paleoceanography,,,N,distribution coefficient used
## SampDepths	notes ,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,in centimeter
## Cib-species	notes ,,,,,paleoceanography,,,N,Cibicidoides species used
## Cd/Ca-Cib	cadmium/calcium,Cibicidoides sp.,,micromole per mole,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## CdW-Cib	cadmium,sea water,,nanomole per kilogram,,climate reconstructions,,,N,
## Mn/Ca-Cib	manganese/calcium,Cibicidoides sp.,,micromole per mole,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## B/Ca-Cib	boron/calcium,Cibicidoides sp.,,micromole per kilogram,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## Cd/Ca-Uvi	cadmium/calcium,Uvigerina sp.,,micromole per mole,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## CdW-Uvi	cadmium,sea water,,nanomole per kilogram,,climate reconstructions,,,N,
## Mn/Ca-Uvi	manganese/calcium,Uvigerina sp.,,micromole per mole,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## B/Ca-Uvi	boron/calcium,Uvigerina sp.,,micromole per kilogram,,paleoceanography,,,N,
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: NA
core	lat	lon	coredepth	D	SampDepths	Cib-species	Cd/Ca-Cib	CdW-Cib	Mn/Ca-Cib	B/Ca-Cib	Cd/Ca-Uvi	CdW-Uvi	Mn/Ca-Uvi	B/Ca-Uvi	
23GGC	7.58	-53.92	376	1.8	56.5	C. pachy	0.039	0.219	73.2	193	0.053	0.296	38.9	34	
47CDH	7.70	-52.79	671	1.8	332.5	C. pachy	0.034	0.191	35.9	177	NA	NA	NA	NA	
46CDH	7.70	-53.79	947	1.8	336.5, 340.5, 352.5	C. pachy	0.032	0.178	72.0	212	NA	NA	NA	NA	
46CDH	7.70	-53.79	947	1.8	340.5, 352.5	C. pachy	0.032	0.178	72.0	212	0.053	0.297	57.5	NA	
9GGC	7.93	-53.79	1100	1.8	252.5	C. pachy	0.028	0.154	92.7	194	0.049	0.274	39.4	25	
53GGC	8.20	-53.18	1272	1.8	104.5	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.041	0.228	27.8	31	
36GGC	8.42	-52.86	2422	2.526	48.5	C. wuel.	0.074	0.293	148.3	237	NA	NA	NA	30