Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 851 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 851 LAST UPDATE: 2/2007 (Original Receipt by WDCA Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Mudelsee, M. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2007-022 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Mudelsee and Raymo, 2007, Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 851 IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2007-022. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE(S) (OXYGEN ISOTOPE DATA): Cannariato, K. G., and A. C. Ravelo (1997), Pliocene-Pleistocene evolution of eastern tropical Pacific surface water circulation and thermocline depth, Paleoceanography, 12, 805-820. ORIGINAL REFERENCE (TIMESCALE): See ORIGINAL REFERENCE(S) (OXYGEN ISOTOPE DATA). GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Pacific Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 2 Myr to 4 Myr before the present DESCRIPTION: Oxygen isotope record, adjusted to seawater d18O level. See ORIGINAL REFERENCE(S) (OXYGEN ISOTOPE DATA) and Mudelsee, M., and M.E. Raymo, 2005. Slow dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Paleoceanography 20, 4, PA4022 (doi: 10.1029/2005PA001153). CORE NAME: ODP 851 LOCATION LATITUDE: 2 deg 46' S LOCATION LONGITUDE: 110 deg 34' W WATER DEPTH: 3760 m FORAMINIFERA: N. numerosa, N. dutertrei HABITAT: planktonic ADJUSTMENT: original d18O - 0.325 per mil (N. humerosa) NUMBER OF DATA POINTS: 299 ABSTRACT: Unraveling the dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) in the Pliocene is a key step toward a quantitative theory of the climate transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse world. Extracting the ice-volume signal from marine oxygen isotope (d18O) records corrupted with 'temperature noise' can be accomplished using statistical time series analysis. We use 45 d18O records from benthic and planktonic foraminifera and globally distributed sites to reconstruct the dynamics of NHG initiation. We compare d18O amplitudes with those of temperature proxy records and estimate a global ice-volume related increase of 0.4 per mil, equivalent to an overall sea-level lowering of 43 meters. We find the NHG started significantly earlier than previously assumed, as early as 3.6 Myr, and ended at 2.4 Myr. This long-term increase points to slow, tectonic forcing such as closing of ocean gateways or mountain building, as the root cause of the NHG. (Mudelsee, M., and M.E. Raymo, 2005. Paleoceanography 20, 4, PA4022 (doi: 10.1029/2005PA001153).) FUNDING SOURCE: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Bonn, Germany (MU 1595/2). CONTACT: Dr. Manfred Mudelsee Climate Risk Analysis Wasserweg 2 06114 Halle (S) Germany Telephone: +49 (0)345 5323860 Email: mudelsee@climate-risk-analysis.com URL: http://www.climate-risk-analysis.com DATA: Core Depth Age d18O (m) (kyr) (per mil) 36.70 1996.4 -4.300000E-01 37.08 2015.1 -2.300000E-01 37.18 2020.0 -3.000000E-01 37.29 2022.7 -6.100000E-01 37.40 2025.4 -4.900000E-01 37.53 2028.6 -2.700000E-01 37.67 2032.0 -3.000000E-02 37.81 2036.8 1.500000E-01 38.05 2045.1 1.800000E-01 38.15 2048.6 2.500000E-01 38.25 2052.0 2.300000E-01 38.33 2072.0 -4.000000E-02 38.41 2077.1 -1.600000E-01 38.48 2081.6 -1.600000E-01 38.56 2086.7 -3.800000E-01 38.63 2091.2 8.000000E-02 38.70 2095.7 -1.000000E-02 38.77 2100.2 1.000000E-02 38.83 2104.0 4.000000E-02 39.00 2116.0 -2.000000E-02 39.08 2121.9 -1.900000E-01 39.17 2128.6 -5.000000E-02 39.27 2136.0 -5.700000E-01 39.47 2146.7 6.000000E-02 39.57 2152.0 1.800000E-01 40.10 2172.0 -5.900000E-01 40.12 2178.3 -7.000000E-01 40.40 2196.0 -4.000000E-02 40.50 2200.6 -1.290000E+00 40.60 2205.1 -6.800000E-01 40.80 2214.2 -8.100000E-01 40.92 2219.7 -6.000000E-01 41.04 2225.2 -9.600000E-01 41.11 2228.4 -7.900000E-01 41.35 2238.4 -3.200000E-01 41.43 2241.6 -4.600000E-01 41.51 2244.8 -6.100000E-01 41.59 2248.0 -4.800000E-01 41.67 2254.9 -5.600000E-01 41.87 2272.0 -7.200000E-01 42.02 2279.6 -4.600000E-01 42.10 2283.7 -2.800000E-01 42.18 2287.7 -6.400000E-01 42.32 2294.8 -7.000000E-02 43.28 2343.4 -1.800000E-01 43.37 2348.0 -4.700000E-01 43.52 2353.4 -1.700000E-01 43.67 2358.9 -4.300000E-01 43.74 2361.4 -9.900000E-01 44.89 2403.2 -5.828974E-01 44.96 2405.8 -4.595803E-01 45.06 2409.5 -6.208569E-01 45.29 2417.7 -5.186804E-01 45.59 2428.6 -6.601567E-01 45.65 2430.8 -6.688957E-01 45.71 2433.0 -2.755893E-01 45.87 2438.6 -6.282360E-01 45.98 2442.7 -9.499046E-01 46.12 2448.0 -8.736843E-01 46.24 2464.0 -7.598855E-01 46.38 2473.1 -8.659727E-01 46.42 2476.2 -7.493449E-01 46.48 2480.0 -6.766500E-01 46.53 2483.4 -4.043061E-01 46.61 2488.2 -4.491043E-01 46.70 2494.2 -7.687799E-01 46.82 2501.6 -4.193343E-01 47.01 2514.3 -6.533140E-01 47.09 2519.3 -3.018480E-01 47.16 2524.0 -4.114938E-01 47.25 2528.5 -4.329673E-01 47.34 2533.2 -5.355125E-01 47.45 2538.9 -8.129081E-01 47.57 2545.1 -6.419379E-01 47.68 2550.8 -5.707233E-01 47.78 2556.0 -1.091163E+00 47.95 2563.5 -7.864203E-01 48.05 2568.0 -9.291006E-01 48.16 2572.8 -1.098357E+00 48.27 2577.7 -1.131335E+00 48.37 2582.2 -1.151842E+00 48.47 2586.6 -1.145240E+00 48.56 2590.6 -1.029465E+00 48.65 2594.6 -7.710115E-01 48.76 2599.3 -5.717933E-01 48.86 2604.0 -7.479529E-01 48.98 2611.5 -8.041919E-01 49.08 2618.1 -1.122152E+00 49.18 2624.6 -1.632305E+00 49.26 2629.8 -1.354109E+00 49.35 2635.7 -9.959317E-01 49.44 2641.5 -1.342841E+00 49.55 2648.7 -1.198816E+00 49.66 2656.0 -1.062313E+00 49.77 2663.0 -1.100202E+00 50.06 2680.6 -1.690260E+00 50.16 2685.5 -1.315589E+00 50.26 2690.9 -1.150041E+00 50.36 2695.8 -1.326421E+00 50.47 2701.7 -9.330563E-01 50.57 2706.8 -1.129591E+00 50.67 2712.0 -1.023286E+00 50.76 2716.6 -9.198117E-01 50.86 2721.7 -1.244037E+00 50.96 2726.9 -1.164010E+00 51.06 2732.0 -1.468413E+00 51.16 2736.4 -8.368171E-01 51.25 2740.4 -8.529793E-01 51.35 2744.8 -7.271367E-01 51.46 2749.7 -1.369189E+00 52.15 2780.2 -1.240673E+00 52.76 2807.2 -1.424991E+00 52.85 2811.1 -6.910221E-01 53.17 2823.0 -1.001094E+00 54.64 2907.7 -1.147411E+00 55.00 2921.6 -9.568283E-01 55.16 2927.8 -1.234316E+00 55.30 2933.3 -1.411658E+00 55.37 2936.0 -1.359515E+00 55.52 2938.7 -1.344641E+00 55.67 2941.5 -1.305393E+00 55.88 2945.3 -1.403433E+00 56.08 2948.9 -1.867548E+00 56.25 2952.0 -1.900306E+00 56.34 2967.9 -1.643185E+00 56.40 2980.0 -1.767918E+00 56.46 2983.8 -1.604851E+00 56.50 2986.8 -1.279471E+00 56.54 2989.8 -1.451036E+00 56.63 2995.9 -1.603764E+00 56.68 2999.4 -1.821256E+00 56.75 3004.1 -1.708556E+00 56.80 3008.1 -1.504000E+00 56.92 3016.3 -1.294879E+00 57.03 3024.0 -1.437499E+00 57.25 3029.5 -1.325884E+00 57.26 3029.9 -1.460833E+00 57.38 3033.0 -1.570073E+00 57.47 3035.4 -1.719798E+00 57.56 3037.7 -1.750610E+00 57.65 3040.0 -1.358145E+00 57.73 3045.3 -1.226057E+00 57.83 3052.0 -1.637470E+00 58.12 3071.2 -2.001996E+00 58.22 3077.8 -1.833035E+00 58.30 3083.1 -2.083508E+00 58.42 3091.1 -1.805727E+00 58.51 3097.0 -1.349289E+00 58.59 3102.3 -2.014028E+00 58.68 3108.3 -1.719194E+00 58.78 3114.9 -1.774079E+00 58.87 3120.8 -1.658730E+00 58.96 3126.8 -1.461191E+00 59.05 3132.7 -1.256062E+00 59.14 3138.7 -1.357698E+00 59.22 3144.0 -1.450569E+00 59.32 3148.7 -1.249823E+00 59.44 3154.4 -1.345830E+00 59.56 3160.0 -2.051023E+00 59.70 3166.9 -1.970313E+00 59.80 3171.8 -1.500549E+00 59.95 3179.1 -1.712081E+00 60.05 3184.0 -1.359879E+00 60.15 3189.8 -1.252181E+00 60.25 3195.5 -1.434333E+00 60.36 3201.9 -1.227972E+00 60.48 3208.8 -1.114540E+00 60.62 3216.9 -7.671351E-01 60.75 3224.4 -1.329692E+00 60.86 3230.7 -9.365909E-01 60.96 3236.5 -9.837219E-01 61.04 3241.1 -1.187240E+00 61.11 3245.2 -6.347134E-01 61.19 3249.8 -1.033369E+00 61.27 3254.4 -9.176681E-01 61.35 3259.0 -1.081134E+00 61.44 3264.2 -9.114095E-01 61.54 3270.0 -1.052569E+00 61.64 3275.8 -6.114215E-01 61.73 3281.0 -8.418727E-01 61.83 3286.7 -8.191253E-01 61.91 3291.3 -6.273096E-01 61.99 3296.0 -7.540671E-01 62.06 3300.0 -3.787144E-01 62.14 3303.5 -8.077904E-01 62.23 3307.4 -5.556815E-01 62.34 3312.3 -5.455134E-01 62.51 3319.7 -7.708287E-01 62.71 3328.4 -3.849370E-01 62.88 3335.9 -6.107965E-01 62.96 3339.4 -7.555461E-01 63.08 3344.6 -6.456828E-01 63.15 3347.7 -6.817538E-01 63.22 3350.8 -7.640864E-01 63.27 3352.9 -8.195900E-01 63.31 3354.7 -7.216009E-01 63.43 3359.9 -3.861178E-01 63.53 3364.3 -8.947927E-01 63.66 3370.0 -7.061689E-01 63.81 3376.6 -5.259369E-01 63.95 3382.7 -7.226832E-01 64.07 3387.9 -9.395572E-01 64.20 3393.6 -7.755774E-01 64.28 3397.1 -7.411615E-01 64.37 3400.9 -1.020435E+00 64.44 3404.0 -9.808973E-01 64.54 3409.2 -1.086767E+00 64.73 3418.9 -1.311033E+00 64.81 3423.0 -1.261178E+00 64.91 3428.1 -1.738426E+00 65.00 3432.6 -1.224610E+00 65.30 3447.6 -1.212131E+00 65.55 3460.6 -1.019488E+00 65.65 3465.7 -1.228014E+00 65.75 3470.8 -7.482398E-01 65.85 3475.9 -1.327646E+00 65.93 3479.9 -1.326421E+00 66.01 3484.0 -9.834351E-01 66.08 3488.0 -1.021170E+00 66.16 3492.7 -1.305676E+00 66.25 3497.8 -1.164598E+00 66.35 3503.6 -1.009777E+00 66.46 3510.0 -1.102870E+00 66.58 3516.9 -1.336357E+00 66.69 3523.2 -1.054963E+00 66.81 3530.2 -1.144432E+00 66.90 3535.3 -1.258049E+00 67.05 3544.0 -1.627490E+00 67.17 3550.2 -1.305336E+00 67.32 3557.8 -9.158535E-01 67.43 3563.5 -1.468404E+00 67.54 3569.1 -3.100502E-01 67.65 3574.8 -1.421427E+00 67.74 3579.4 -1.438695E+00 67.83 3584.0 -1.210702E+00 67.97 3592.8 -1.355035E+00 68.09 3600.3 -1.172324E+00 68.22 3608.4 -1.612607E+00 68.34 3615.6 -1.506322E+00 68.43 3621.6 -1.436170E+00 68.51 3626.6 -1.050255E+00 68.59 3631.6 -9.250170E-01 68.66 3636.0 -9.215241E-01 68.75 3641.8 -1.036983E+00 68.83 3647.0 -1.176970E+00 68.93 3653.5 -1.250871E+00 69.03 3660.0 -1.779326E+00 69.14 3666.0 -1.137140E+00 69.26 3672.5 -1.028455E+00 69.39 3679.5 -8.629931E-01 69.51 3686.0 -9.149476E-01 69.62 3692.0 -1.361565E+00 69.75 3699.0 -1.480346E+00 69.87 3705.5 -1.005143E+00 69.97 3710.9 -8.865383E-01 70.05 3715.2 -1.131653E+00 70.06 3715.8 -8.629167E-01 70.16 3721.2 -8.337043E-01 70.26 3726.6 -1.015367E+00 70.36 3732.0 -1.214556E+00 70.46 3742.0 -7.883661E-01 70.56 3752.0 -1.187781E+00 70.66 3762.0 -1.452554E+00 70.76 3772.0 -9.995305E-01 70.86 3775.9 -1.005052E+00 70.96 3779.8 -1.542274E+00 71.06 3783.7 -1.261338E+00 71.17 3788.0 -1.434242E+00 71.26 3793.9 -8.885336E-01 71.36 3800.4 -1.205119E+00 71.46 3806.9 -9.996027E-01 71.56 3813.4 -9.602060E-01 71.66 3820.0 -1.024718E+00 71.76 3826.5 -8.912924E-01 71.86 3833.0 -1.454399E+00 71.96 3839.5 -1.088720E+00 72.09 3848.0 -1.092386E+00 72.21 3855.3 -9.856048E-01 72.33 3862.6 -7.433429E-01 72.45 3870.0 -8.336839E-01 72.54 3875.5 -1.165736E+00 72.62 3880.3 -5.745413E-01 72.68 3884.0 -8.744271E-01 72.76 3889.1 -5.864331E-01 72.83 3894.1 -6.359460E-01 72.92 3900.2 -6.308186E-01 73.02 3906.9 -5.999722E-01 73.15 3915.7 -8.040508E-01 73.26 3923.1 -1.166204E+00 73.36 3929.9 -8.712527E-01 73.54 3942.0 -1.031622E+00 73.58 3944.7 -1.283148E+00 73.69 3952.1 -8.453480E-01 73.80 3959.2 -1.194712E+00 73.94 3969.0 -8.021030E-01 74.07 3977.7 -8.529634E-01 74.18 3985.2 -1.124697E+00 74.30 3993.3 -6.953723E-01 74.40 4000.0 -8.531788E-01