# Eastern Equatorial Pacific LGM-Holocene G. ruber d18O Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:13667 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/koutavas2012/koutavas2012v21-30.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Paleoceanography #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2012-12-19 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Eastern Equatorial Pacific LGM-Holocene G. ruber d18O Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Koutavas, A.; Joanides, S. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # # Globigerinoides ruber (white) d18O, d13C, Mg/Ca SST, and d18Osw, # spanning the Holocene and LGM from sediment core V21–30 in the eastern # equatorial Pacific (EEP) near the Galapagos Islands # # # Pacific SST Gradients # # Age Upper (ka) Age Lower (ka) Age Midpoint (ka) WPWP SSTA EPCT SSTA WPWP-EPCT DSSTA EPWP d18O (VPDB) EPCT d18O (VPDB) EPWP-EPCT Dd18O (VPDB) # # 0.0 0.5 0.25 -0.25 # 0.5 1.0 0.75 0.30 -2.75 # 1.0 1.5 1.25 0.13 0.06 0.07 -2.89 # 1.5 2.0 1.75 -0.19 0.63 -0.82 -2.68 -1.66 -1.02 # 2.0 2.5 2.25 -0.12 -0.18 0.06 -2.71 -1.71 -1.00 # 2.5 3.0 2.75 0.02 0.18 -0.16 -2.72 -1.72 -1.00 # 3.0 3.5 3.25 -0.03 -0.12 0.10 -2.64 -1.69 -0.95 # 3.5 4.0 3.75 0.02 -0.25 0.27 -2.76 -1.54 -1.22 # 4.0 4.5 4.25 -0.04 -0.20 0.16 -2.82 -1.67 -1.15 # 4.5 5.0 4.75 0.17 -0.10 0.27 -2.73 -1.68 -1.05 # 5.0 5.5 5.25 0.07 -0.33 0.40 -2.66 -1.80 -0.86 # 5.5 6.0 5.75 0.27 -0.40 0.67 -2.50 -1.66 -0.84 # 6.0 6.5 6.25 0.45 -0.22 0.67 -2.71 -1.54 -1.17 # 6.5 7.0 6.75 0.24 -0.13 0.37 -2.55 -1.56 -0.99 # 7.0 7.5 7.25 0.36 0.00 0.36 -2.58 -1.63 -0.95 # 7.5 8.0 7.75 0.45 -0.21 0.66 -2.59 -1.51 -1.08 # 8.0 8.5 8.25 0.30 0.31 -0.01 -2.29 -1.29 -1.00 # 8.5 9.0 8.75 0.38 0.33 0.05 -2.27 -1.40 -0.87 # 9.0 9.5 9.25 0.42 0.34 0.08 -2.28 -1.32 -0.96 # 9.5 10.0 9.75 0.38 0.17 0.20 -2.19 -1.35 -0.84 # 10.0 10.5 10.25 0.37 0.49 -0.12 -2.26 -1.29 -0.97 # 10.5 11.0 10.75 0.41 0.31 0.11 -1.93 -1.14 -0.79 # 11.0 11.5 11.25 0.34 0.51 -0.16 -1.82 -1.02 -0.80 # 11.5 12.0 11.75 0.05 0.21 -0.15 -1.72 -0.85 -0.87 # 12.0 12.5 12.25 -0.10 0.30 -0.39 -1.47 -0.69 -0.78 # 12.5 13.0 12.75 -0.31 -0.65 0.34 -1.68 -0.78 -0.90 # 13.0 13.5 13.25 -0.37 -0.59 0.22 -1.61 -0.72 -0.89 # 13.5 14.0 13.75 -0.53 -0.53 0.00 -1.61 -0.74 -0.87 # 14.0 14.5 14.25 -0.65 -0.32 -0.33 -1.72 -0.74 -0.98 # 14.5 15.0 14.75 -0.65 0.62 -1.27 -1.65 -0.65 -1.00 # 15.0 15.5 15.25 -0.83 -0.23 -0.60 -1.38 -0.39 -0.99 # 15.5 16.0 15.75 -1.30 -0.35 -0.95 -1.08 -0.49 -0.59 # 16.0 16.5 16.25 -1.64 -0.66 -0.98 -0.93 -0.43 -0.50 # 16.5 17.0 16.75 -1.84 -1.01 -0.83 -1.03 -0.37 -0.66 # 17.0 17.5 17.25 -2.00 -1.29 -0.71 -0.93 -0.18 -0.75 # 17.5 18.0 17.75 -2.15 -0.75 -1.41 -0.82 -0.31 -0.51 # 18.0 18.5 18.25 -2.33 -1.13 -1.20 -0.96 -0.40 -0.56 # 18.5 19.0 18.75 -2.34 -1.36 -0.99 -0.95 -0.25 -0.70 # 19.0 19.5 19.25 -2.61 -2.01 -0.60 -1.01 -0.20 -0.81 # 19.5 20.0 19.75 -2.43 -1.89 -0.55 -0.83 -0.24 -0.59 # 20.0 20.5 20.25 -2.55 -1.89 -0.67 -0.95 -0.24 -0.71 # 20.5 21.0 20.75 -2.63 -1.50 -1.13 -1.02 -0.20 -0.82 # 21.0 21.5 21.25 -2.84 -1.58 -1.26 -0.93 -0.24 -0.69 # 21.5 22.0 21.75 -2.75 -1.85 -0.90 -0.91 -0.20 -0.71 # 22.0 22.5 22.25 -2.65 -2.47 -0.18 -0.70 -0.12 -0.58 # 22.5 23.0 22.75 -2.50 -2.04 -0.46 -0.96 -0.28 -0.68 # 23.0 23.5 23.25 -2.34 -1.54 -0.80 -1.10 -0.36 -0.74 # 23.5 24.0 23.75 -2.29 -1.25 -1.04 -0.92 -0.33 -0.59 # 24.0 24.5 24.25 -2.50 -1.32 -1.18 -0.99 -0.30 -0.69 # 24.5 25.0 24.75 -2.23 -1.50 -0.74 -0.83 -0.24 -0.59 # 25.0 25.5 25.25 -2.46 -1.52 -0.94 -1.05 -0.24 -0.81 # 25.5 26.0 25.75 -2.50 -1.68 -0.83 -1.07 -0.30 -0.77 # 26.0 26.5 26.25 -2.24 -1.65 -0.59 -1.16 -0.44 -0.72 # 26.5 27.0 26.75 -2.17 -2.08 -0.08 -1.08 -0.44 -0.64 # 27.0 27.5 27.25 -2.25 -2.12 -0.13 -1.11 -0.42 -0.69 # 27.5 28.0 27.75 -1.72 -2.37 0.65 -1.13 -0.40 -0.73 # 28.0 28.5 28.25 -2.13 -1.81 -0.32 -1.18 -0.48 -0.70 # 28.5 29.0 28.75 -1.71 -2.00 0.29 -1.20 -0.46 -0.74 # 29.0 29.5 29.25 -1.80 -1.60 -0.21 -1.12 -0.37 -0.75 # 29.5 30.0 29.75 -1.94 -1.72 -0.23 -1.05 -0.45 -0.60 # # WPWP SSTA: Western Pacific Warm Pool Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (relative to 0-4 ka) # EPCT SSTA: Eastern Pacific Cold Tongue Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (relative to 0-4 ka) # WPWP-EPCT DSSTA: WPWP minus EPCT SST gradient anomaly (relative to 0-4 ka) # # EPWP d18O: Eastern Pacific Warm Pool d18O average # EPCT d18O: Eastern Pacific Cold Tongue d18O average # EPWP-EPCT Dd18O: EPWP minus EPCT d18O difference # # # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Athanasios Koutavas and Stephan Joanides # Published_Date_or_YEAR: 2012-12-15 # Published_Title: El Niño-Southern Oscillation extrema in the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography # Volume: 27 # Issue: 4 # Pages: # DOI: 10.1029/2012PA002378 # Abstract: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the largest engine of interannual climate variability on the planet, yet its past behavior and potential for future change are poorly understood and vigorously contested. Reconstructions of past ENSO are indispensable for testing climate models tasked with predicting future ENSO activity in a warming world, but suitable geologic archives are scarce, especially for the last glacial period. Here we reconstruct mean climate and ENSO variability in the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from oxygen isotopic ratios (d18O) of individual foraminifera retrieved from deep-sea sediments. Our results document coordinated adjustments of the tropical Pacific/ENSO system between two diametrically opposite states: an "amplified ENSO" state in the LGM associated with a reduced zonal temperature gradient, and a "damped ENSO" state in the Mid-Holocene with enhanced gradient. Orbital precession provided the switch between these states and acted as the dominant external driver of the tropical Pacific/ENSO system in the past 25,000 years. The linked response of the mean state and variability to orbital forcing provides an integrated framework for testing ENSO theory and models. # #--------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: OCE-0402478, OCE-0727436, OCE-0727428 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: V21-30 # Location: Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: -1.2167 # Southernmost_Latitude: -1.2167 # Easternmost_Longitude: -89.6833 # Westernmost_Longitude: -89.6833 # Elevation: -617 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Core_Name: V21-30-2012 # First_Year: 23.95 # Last_Year: 0.96 # Time_Unit: calendar ka BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology # # Table 1. Carbon-14 Ages on N. dutertrei Used in the Age Model of V21-30 *a # # Sample Depth Raw C-14 Age Age Error Calibrated Age # (cm) (yr) (+/-) (yr) lab Accession Number References # 0 2190 45 1640 NOSAMS OS-20675 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 55 5620 55 5880 NOSAMS OS-30482 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 120 9830 55 10600 NOSAMS OS-20674 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 151 11250 50 12740 NOSAMS OS-20676 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 170 11750 90 13100 NOSAMS OS-30483 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 184 12250 70 13570 NOSAMS OS-30484 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 211 15750 40 18640 UCIAMS 46973 Stott et al. 2009 # 215 13400 90 15250 NOSAMS OS-30485 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 225 15650 70 18400 UCIAMS 47875 Stott et al. 2009 # 225 16520 80 19190 UCIAMS 47876 Stott et al. 2009 # 236 17550 80 20150 UCIAMS 47877 Stott et al. 2009 # 236 17430 80 20060 UCIAMS 47878 Stott et al. 2009 # 241 16710 90 19300 UCIAMS 47879 Stott et al. 2009 # 241 17140 80 19740 UCIAMS 47880 Stott et al. 2009 # 250 16800 80 19360 NOSAMS OS-20680 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 300 22100 130 25940 NOSAMS OS-46188 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 300 22800 90 26780 NOSAMS OS-46262 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 320 25100 150 29390 NOSAMS OS-30486 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 400 26900 150 31640 NOSAMS OS-15720 Koutavas and Lynch-Stieglitz [2003] # 520 36400 250 41150 NOSAMS OS-20678 # # *a NOSAMS, National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometer; UCIAMS, University of California Irvine Accelerator Mass Spectrometer. # #------------------ # Variables # # End Description/Documentation (lines begin with #) # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: material, error, units, anomaly, period, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth_cm Depth (cm), , ,cm, , , , ,N ## age_calkaBP Age (calendar ka BP), , ,cal ka BP, , , , ,N ## d18Ovg.rub-w250-355 delta 18O Globigerinoides ruber white 250-355 micron (per mil VPDB), , , permil VPDB, , , , , N ## d13Cg.rub250-355 delta C13 PDB (Globigerinoides ruber 250-355 micron), , , permil PDB, , , , , N ## Mg/Ca-g.rub Magnesium/Calcium ratio (Globigerinoides ruber), , , mmol/mol, , , , , N ## sst-mg/ca Sea surface temperature from Mg/Ca, , , C, , , , , N ## d18Osw-ivc-g.rubw delta 18O seawater Globigerinoides ruber white corrected for ice volume (per mil SMOW), , , per mil, , , , , N ## notes notes Sample ID, , , , , , , ,C # Data: # Missing Value: depth_cm age_calkaBP d18Ovg.rub-w250-355 d13Cg.rub250-355 Mg/Ca-g.rub sst-mg/ca d18Osw-ivc-g.rubw notes 0 0.96 -1.799 1.546 2.99 22.92 -0.192 10 1.75 -1.772 1.533 3.35 24.20 0.102 15 2.14 -1.713 1.544 3.10 23.31 -0.024 20 2.54 -1.767 1.550 3.10 23.31 -0.078 26 3.01 -1.671 1.522 3.16 23.53 0.064 30 3.33 -1.633 1.307 3.09 23.27 0.047 35 3.72 -1.730 1.551 3.05 23.14 -0.077 40 4.12 -1.703 1.543 3.05 23.14 -0.049 45 4.51 -1.730 1.658 2.95 22.75 -0.157 50 4.91 -1.689 1.643 3.04 23.12 -0.040 55 5.30 -1.577 1.452 2.90 22.57 -0.043 60 5.70 -1.569 1.427 2.95 22.77 0.007 65 6.09 -1.600 1.477 3.01 23.00 0.024 70 6.49 -1.440 1.503 3.15 23.51 0.290 76 6.96 -1.423 1.352 3.02 23.05 0.212 80 7.28 -1.578 1.457 3.07 23.19 0.086 85 7.67 -1.468 1.389 2.95 22.72 0.098 90 8.07 -1.402 1.489 3.19 23.65 0.358 97 8.62 -1.697 1.375 3.21 23.69 0.071 100 8.86 -1.436 1.302 3.38 24.27 0.452 105.5 9.29 -1.499 1.213 3.14 23.44 0.216 110 9.65 -1.153 1.113 3.10 23.33 0.540 116 10.12 -1.283 1.297 3.10 23.31 0.406 120 10.44 -1.197 1.107 3.22 23.75 0.584 125 10.83 -1.024 1.114 3.16 23.52 0.709 130 11.23 -0.919 0.992 3.13 23.42 0.793 135 11.62 -0.927 0.937 3.09 23.30 0.760 140 12.02 -0.774 1.103 3.32 24.10 1.079 146 12.49 -0.733 1.087 2.93 22.69 0.826 151 12.89 -0.531 1.134 2.79 22.14 0.914 154 13.12 -0.513 1.084 2.81 22.23 0.951 160 13.60 2.96 22.81 161 13.68 -0.571 0.996 2.87 22.44 0.936 165 13.99 -0.619 0.887 2.91 22.62 0.926 170 14.39 -0.751 1.006 3.06 23.15 0.904 174 14.70 -0.426 1.030 3.30 24.02 1.410 180 15.18 -0.706 0.935 2.98 22.86 0.889 184 15.49 -0.502 0.989 3.06 23.15 1.153 190 15.97 -0.410 1.121 2.77 22.05 1.016 194 16.28 -0.396 1.072 2.82 22.16 1.054 200 16.76 -0.520 0.879 2.83 22.30 0.958 205 17.15 -0.419 0.996 2.79 22.14 1.026 210 17.55 -0.386 1.001 22.27 1.086 *SST is interpolated at 210cm 215 17.94 -0.556 0.871 2.85 22.40 0.943 220 18.34 -0.565 1.032 2.84 22.34 0.921 224 18.65 -0.821 0.912 2.77 22.08 0.612 230 19.13 -0.268 1.042 2.59 21.31 1.004 235 19.52 -0.234 1.056 2.50 20.94 0.961 240 19.92 -0.309 1.104 2.76 22.00 1.107 250 20.71 -0.252 1.247 2.60 21.39 1.037 256 21.18 -0.258 1.072 2.71 21.83 1.122 260 21.50 -0.225 1.105 2.59 21.33 1.051 264 21.81 -0.278 1.149 2.63 21.49 1.032 269 22.21 -0.288 1.182 2.49 20.90 0.898 280 23.08 -0.197 1.222 2.58 21.27 1.067 290 23.87 -0.288 1.220 2.65 21.55 1.034 300 24.66 -0.118 1.214 2.78 22.09 1.317 310 25.45 -0.485 1.234 2.83 22.30 0.994 320 26.24 -0.508 1.210 2.57 21.24 0.750 330 27.03 -0.348 1.165 2.59 21.33 0.928 340 27.82 -0.395 1.179 2.44 20.64 0.738 350 28.61 -0.519 1.232 2.59 21.31 0.753 360 29.40 -0.298 1.333 2.57 21.25 0.962 370 30.19 -0.678 1.367 2.69 21.74 0.684 380 30.98 -0.556 1.231 2.80 22.19 0.899 390 31.77 -0.779 1.215 2.70 21.77 0.589 400 32.56 -0.596 1.193 2.69 21.75 0.768