# Pacific Glacial Foraminiferal Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Data
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
#
# Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17375
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# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/keigwin2015/keigwin2015knr73-4pc.txt
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Paleoceanography
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2014-10-27
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Pacific Glacial Foraminiferal Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Data
#--------------------
# Investigators
#       Investigators: Keigwin, L.D; Lehman, S.J.
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: Radiocarbon and stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data measured on foraminifera from 7 Pacific Ocean sediment cores.  
#--------------------
# Publication 
#       Authors: L.D. Keigwin and S.J. Lehman
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2015   
#       Published_Title: Radiocarbon evidence for a possible abyssal front near 3.1 km in the glacial Equatorial Pacific Ocean
#       Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
#       Volume: submitted
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: 
#       Pages: 
#       DOI: 
#       Online_Resource: 
#       Full_Citation: L.D. Keigwin and S.J. Lehman. Submitted. Radiocarbon evidence for a possible abyssal front near 3.1 km in the glacial Equatorial Pacific Ocean.  Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 
#       Abstract: We investigate the apparent radiocarbon ventilation age in deep equatorial Pacific sediment cores and integrate those results with similar data from around the North Pacific Ocean in a reconstruction for the last glaciation.  Here we use the simplest definition of apparent ventilation age: the difference in conventional 14C age between coexisting benthic and planktonic foraminifera, and we consider the glacial interval to have lasted between 15 and 25 14C ka.  Most new data from both the Equatorial Pacific and the Emperor Seamounts in the northwestern Pacific come from maxima in abundance of benthic taxa because this strategy reduces the effect of bioturbation.  Although there remains considerable scatter in the ventilation age estimates, on average, ventilation ages in the Equatorial Pacific were significantly greater below 3.2 km (~3100 +/-1125 yrs, n=15) than in the depth interval 2.0 to 3.0 km (~1600 +/-310 yrs, n=8).  When compared to the average modern seawater D14C profile for the North Pacific, the Equatorial Pacific glacial data suggest an abyssal front located somewhere between 3.0 and 3.2 km modern water depth.  Above that depth, the data may indicate slightly better ventilation than today, and below that depth, glacial Equatorial Pacific data are as old as last glacial maximum (LGM) deep water ages reported for the deep southern Atlantic.  This suggests that a glacial reservoir of aged waters extended throughout the circumpolar Southern Ocean and into the Equatorial Pacific. Such a large volume of aged (and, by corollary, carbon-rich) water would help to account for the rise in atmospheric pCO2 and the fall in D14C as the glaciation drew to a close and deep ocean ventilation increased.   
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# Funding_Agency 
#       Funding_Agency_Name: 
#       Grant: 
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# Site_Information 
#       Site_Name: KNR73-4PC
#       Location: Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 1.848
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 1.848
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: -110.2667
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: -110.2667 
# 	Elevation: -3681 m  
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Keigwin2015KNR73-4PC
#	Earliest_Year: 22710
#	Most_Recent_Year: 5170
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: m
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology: 
# 
# Table 3.  Accelerator Mass Spectrometer results generated as part of this study. Glacial interval data used in Figure 5 are shown in bold.
# 
# core 	water	core	taxa	Accession	 Conventional	error	mean	RMS on	BF-PF	RMS on
# name	"depth, m"	 interval		number	"14C age, yrs"	1s	PF age	PF pairs		BF-PF
# DSDP 480	655	"4-1, 109-112 cm "	Uvigerina	OS-47995	"17,650"	120			650	177
# """"	""""	""""	"G.b., N.p.d."	WHG-184*	"17,000"	130				
# RNDB 13PG	2380	5-7	G. bulloides	OS-100199  	"9,550"	40				
# """"	""""	13	Uvigerina	OS-100200  	"12,000"	50			"1,550"	64
# """"	""""	""""	G. bulloides	OS-99821   	"10,450"	40				
# """"	""""	13.5	G. bulloides	OS-66096	"10,000"	55				
# RNDB 13PC		16	U. peregrina	OS-66200	"7,690"	45			-630	57
# """"	""""	15-17	G. bulloides	OS-71380	"8,320"	35				
# """"	""""	27.5	Uvigerina	OS-100201  	"9,780"	45			-670	60
# """"	""""	""""	G. bulloides	OS-99822   	"10,450"	40				
# """"	""""	52.5	U. peregrina	OS-66097	"14,800"	65			"1,700"	96
# """"	""""	""""	G. bulloides	OS-66098	"13,100"	70				
# """"	""""	60.5-61.5	pachy + bullo	CAMS 130534	"13,660"	90				
# """"	""""	""""	Uvigerina	OS-56810	"16,000"	85			"2,340"	124
# """"	""""	70.5-71.5	U. hispid	OS-71383	"15,650"	95			"2,650"	118
# """"	""""	""""	G. bulloides	OS-71384	"13,000"	70				
# """"	""""	72	Uvigerina	OS-99826   	"14,900"	75			"1,850"	90
# """"	""""	""""	G. bulloides	OS-99823   	"13,050"	50				
# """"	""""	80.5	Uvigerina	OS-44153	"17,350"	90			"1,450"	108
# """"	""""	""""	N. pachy s.		"15,900"	60				
# """"	""""	100-101	U. hispid	OS-71381	"20,100"	160			"2,600"	194
# """"	""""	""""	N. pachy s.	OS-71382	"17,500"	110				
# """"	""""	107-109	N. pachy s.	OS-99827   	"19,650"	110				
# RNDB 5GGC	2804	75-77	Uvigerina	OS-44155	"21,900"	160			"2,450"	200
# """"	""""	""""	N.p.s.	OS-44154	"19,450"	120				
# ME0005-24JC	2941	290-292	G. ruber + sacc	OS-112029  	"15,300"	70				
# """"	""""	290-292	mixed BF	OS-112030  	"16,950"	80			"1,650"	106
# """"	""""	352-354	G. sacculifera	OS-112031  	"18,400"	95				
# """"	""""	352-354	mixed BF	OS-112032  	"20,400"	170			"2,000"	195
# RNDB 11PC	3225	65	Uvigerina	OS-99824   	"14,250"	55			"1,150"	74
# """"	""""	""""	G. bulloides	OS-99825   	"13,100"	50				
# """"	""""	71.5-72.5	G. bulloides	CAMS-130532	"13,080"	60				
# """"	""""	""""	Uvigerina	OS-57609	"14,400"	85			"1,320"	104
# """"	""""	75.5-76.5	G. bulloides	CAMS-130533	"13,140"	70				
# """"	""""	""""	Uvigerina	OS-57485	"14,200"	80			"1,060"	106
# """"	""""	108-112	Uvigerina	OS-40772	"16,650"	110			"1,700"	139
# """"	""""	108-109	N.p.s.	OS-40773	"14,950"	85				
# PLDS 7G	3253	37-38	Uvigerina	OS-97443   	"16,800"	110			"2,650"	149
# """"	""""	""""	Cibicidoides	OS-97444   	"17,400"	120			"3,250"	156
# """"	""""	""""	G. ruber	OS-97721   	"14,100"	60	"14,150"	100		
# """"	""""	""""	G. sacc.	OS-97445   	"14,200"	80				
# """"	""""	42-43	Uvigerina	OS-97446   	"19,700"	150			"3,275"	217
# """"	""""	""""	Cibicidoides	OS-97447   	"19,100"	150			"2,675"	217
# """"	""""	""""	G. ruber	OS-97448   	"16,150"	100	"16,425"	156		
# """"	""""	""""	G. sacc.	OS-97449   	"16,700"	120				
# """"	""""	48-49	Uvigerina	OS-97450   	"20,400"	160			"2,725"	228
# """"	""""	""""	Cibicidoides	OS-97451   	"20,600"	160			"2,925"	228
# """"	""""	""""	G. ruber	OS-97452   	"18,000"	120	"17,675"	163		
# """"	""""	""""	G. sacc.	OS-97453   	"17,350"	110				
# VNTR01-10GGC	3410	30-31	G. sacc.	OS-95335   	"12,200"	45	"12,025"	83		
# """"	""""	""""	G. ruber	OS-95343   	"11,850"	70				
# """"	""""	34-35	G. sacc.	OS-95342   	"14,250"	55	"14,175"	78		
# """"	""""	34-35	G. ruber	OS-95160   	"14,100"	55				
# """"	""""	34-35	Cibicidoides	OS-95422   	"18,400"	100			"4,225"	127
# """"	""""	46-47	G. sacc.	OS-95333   	"22,100"	85	"22,200"	124		
# """"	""""	46-47	G. ruber	OS-95159   	"22,300"	90				
# """"	""""	46-47	Uvigerina	OS-95418   	"24,300"	130			"2,100"	180
# """"	""""	46-47	Cibicidoides	OS-95168   	"25,700"	130			"3,500"	180
# """"	""""	50-51	G. sacc.	OS-95161   	"26,200"	120	"25,750"			
# """"	""""	""""	G. ruber	OS-95332   	"25,300"	130				
# KNR73 3PC	3606	22-23	G. sacculifera	NSRL-18131	"3,555"	15				
# """"	""""	22-23	N. umbonifera	NSRL-18137	"5,605"	25			"2,050"	29
# """"	""""	31-32	G. ruber	NSRL-18133	"6,830"	25	"6,620"	32		
# """"	""""	31-32	G. sacculifera	NSRL-18132	"6,410"	20				
# """"	""""	31-32	N. umbonifera	NSRL-18136	"8,070"	30			"1,450"	44
# """"	""""	64-66 	Uvigerina	NSRL-14565	"17,470"	110			"2,743"	143
# """"	""""	65-67 	Cibicidoides	NSRL-14566	"17,690"	90			"2,963"	129
# """"	""""	65-66	G. ruber	NSRL-14567	"14,610"	80	"14,728"	92		
# """"	""""	65-66	G. sacculifera	NSRL-14568	"14,845"	45				
# """"	""""	80-82	N. umbonifera	NSRL-18134	"24,630"	230			"2,250"	354
# """"	""""	81-82	G. ruber	NSRL-14569	"22,160"	190	"22,380"	269		
# """"	""""	81-82	G. sacculifera	NSRL-14570	"22,600"	190				
# """"	""""	89-90	G. ruber	NSRL-14571	"25,240"	250	"25,520"	340		
# """"	""""	89-90 	G. sacculifera	NSRL-14572	"25,800"	230				
# """"	""""	89-91	N. umbonifera	NSRL-18135	"28,240"	420			"2,720"	540
# KNR73 4PC	3681	17.5-18.5	N. umbonifera	NSRL-16555	"6,235"	40			"1,065"	43
# """"	""""	17.5-18.5	G. sacculifera	NSRL-16556	"5,170"	15				
# """"	""""	27.5-28.5	G. ruber	NSRL-16557	"6,695"	25	"6,488"	32		
# """"	""""	27.5-28.5	G. sacculifera	NSRL-16558	"6,280"	20				
# """"	""""	27.5-28.5	N. umbonifera	NSRL-16559	"8,450"	50			"1,963"	59
# """"	""""	42.5-44.5	Uvigerina	NSRL-16560	"16,350"	70			"5,785"	80
# """"	""""	42.5-43.5	G. sacculifera	NSRL-16562	"10,755"	25	"10,565"	39		
# """"	""""	42.5-43.5	G. ruber	NSRL-16563	"10,375"	30				
# """"	""""	43.5-44.5	G. ruber	NSRL-16564	"11,920"	45	"12,010"	54		
# """"	""""	43.5-44.5	G. sacculifera	NSRL-16565	"12,100"	30				
# """"	""""	43.5-44.5	Cibicidoides	NSRL-16561	"16,920"	130			"4,910"	141
# """"	""""	53.5-56.5	N. umbonifera	OS-52610	"21,600"	110			"6,050"	153
# """"	""""	53-56	Uvigerina	OS-  61025 	"17,350"	85			"1,800"	136
# """"	""""	53.5-56.5	Cibicidoides	OS-52618	"18,600"	90			"3,050"	139
# """"	""""	53.5-56.5	G. sacculifera	OS-52617	"15,500"	75	"15,550"	106		
# """"	""""	53.5-56.5	G. ruber	OS-52619	"15,600"	75				
# """"	""""	69	G. sacculifera	OS-51240 	"21,200"	110	"20,830"	178		
# """"	""""	69	G. ruber	NSRL-14561	"20,460"	140				
# """"	""""	67-70	N. umbonifera	OS-51241 	"25,100"	140			"4,270"	226
# """"	""""	77	N. umbonifera	NSRL-14562	"27,040"	360			"3,675"	398
# """"	""""	77	G. ruber	NSRL-14563	"24,020"	120	"23,365"	170		
# """"	""""	77	G. sacculifera	NSRL-14564	"22,710"	120				
# KNR73 6PG	3805	36.5	G. ruber	OS-87792	"16,650"	65	"17,700"	115		
# """"	""""	36.5	G. sacculifera	OS-87800	"18,750"	95				
# """"	""""	36.5	Cibicidoides	OS-87841	"18,100"	110			"1,450"	159
# S67 FFC15	4250	17	N. umbonifera	OS-  72992 	"18,750"	90			"6,750"	210
# """"	""""	17	ruber + sacc	OS-  73653 	"12,000"	190				
# """"	""""	25	N. umbonifera	OS-  72989 	"25,600"	170			"3,800"	270
# """"	""""	25	G. sacculifera	OS-  72988 	"21,800"	210				
# "*from Keigwin and Jones (1990, Deglacial oscillations in the Gulf of California, Paleoceanography 5:109-123)"# 
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# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
##depth_cm	depth, , , cm, , , , ,N
##d13Ccibid	delta13C, Cibicidoides spp., , per mil PDB, , , , Measurements of Cibicidoides on VG Prism at NOSAMS,N 
##d18Ocibid	delta18O, Cibicidoides spp., , per mil PDB, , , , Measurements of Cibicidoides on VG Prism at NOSAMS,N 
##d13Cc.wuell	delta13C, Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, , per mil PDB, , , , Measurements on pristine individual C. wuellerstorfi on Finigan,N 
##d18Oc.wuell	delta18O, Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, , per mil PDB, , , , Measurements on pristine individual C. wuellerstorfi on Finigan,N 
##notes	notes - analysis date,,,,,,,,C		
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
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depth_cm	d13Ccibid	d18Ocibid	d13Cc.wuell	d18Oc.wuell	notes
10	0.226	2.762			28-May-12
12	0.099	2.336			5-May-12
14	0.245	2.396			5-May-12
16	0.043	2.481			5-May-12
17	0.119	2.249			5-May-12
18	0.233	2.166			5-May-12
19	0.176	2.476			28-May-12
20	-0.212	2.877			28-May-12
22	0.071	2.253			5-May-12
24	-0.416	3.040			5-May-12
26	0.193	1.949			5-May-12
27	0.267	2.537			5-May-12
28	-0.112	3.222			5-May-12
29	-0.046	3.448			5-May-12
30	-0.441	3.667			5-May-12
31	-0.134	3.424			5-May-12
32	-0.309	3.262			5-May-12
33	-0.025	3.294			5-May-12
34	-0.174	3.304			5-May-12
35	-0.304	3.539			5-May-12
36	-0.006	3.144			5-May-12
37	-0.430	3.543			5-May-12
39	-0.562	3.886			5-May-12
40	-0.475	3.755			5-May-12
41	-0.254	4.016			5-May-12
42	-0.165	4.313			5-May-12
45	-0.327	3.449			5-May-12
47	-0.230	4.120			5-May-12
53	-0.283	4.092			28-May-12
54			-0.54	4.54	
55			-0.21	4.27	
55			-0.34	4.05	
55			-0.39	4.38	
56			-0.17	4.04	
56			-0.33	4.45	
56			-0.18	4.43	
57	-0.363	4.033			28-May-12
61	-0.371	4.012			28-May-12
67	-0.072	3.285			5-May-12
68	-0.178	3.495			5-May-12
69	-0.270	4.004			5-May-12
70	0.159	3.380			5-May-12
71	-0.200	3.203			28-May-12
73	-0.281	3.854			28-May-12
75	-0.079	3.798			28-May-12
77	-0.214	4.010			5-May-12
79	-0.122	4.068			5-May-12
81	-0.035	3.758			5-May-12