# Jones et al. 1998 Millennial Hemispheric Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6239 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-recon-6239.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/cgdw-jb10 # # Science_Keywords: Air Temperature Reconstruction #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/jones1998/jonesdata-nh-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Northern Hemisphere Temperature Reconstruction # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 1998-12-03 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-07-19 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Millennial Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Jones, P.D.; Briffa, K.R.; Barnett, T.P.; Tett, S.F.B. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Temperature sensitive paleoclimatic multi-proxy data from 17 sites worldwide were used to generate thousand year long records of temperature for both hemispheres. Proxy types include tree rings, ice cores, corals, and historical documents. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jones, P.D., K.R. Briffa, T.P. Barnett, and S.F.B. Tett # Published_Date_or_Year: 1998-05-01 # Published_Title: High-resolution Palaeoclimatic Records for the last Millennium: Interpretation, Integration and Comparison with General Circulation Model Control-run Temperatures # Journal_Name: The Holocene # Volume: 8 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 455-471 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1191/095968398667194956 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Palaeoclimatology provides our only means of assessing climatic variations before the beginning of instrumental records. The various proxy variables used, however, have a number of limitations which must be adequately addressed and understood. Besides their obvious spatial and seasonal limitations, different proxies are also potentially limited in their ability to represent climatic variations over a range of different timescales. Simple correlations with instrumental data over the period since ad 1881 give some guide to which are the better proxies, indicating that coral- and ice-core-based reconstructions are poorer than tree-ring and historical ones. However, the quality of many proxy time series can deteriorate during earlier times. Suggestions are made for assessing proxy quality over longer periods than the last century by intercomparing neighbouring proxies and, by comparisons with less temporally resolved proxies such as borehole temperatures. We have averaged 17 temperature reconstructions (representing various seasons of the year), all extending back at least to the mid-seventeenth century, to form two annually resolved hemispheric series (NH10 and SH7). Over the 1901–91 period, NH10 has 36% variance in common with average NH summer (June to August) temperatures and 70% on decadal timescales. SH7 has 16% variance in common with average SH summer (December to February) temperatures and 49% on decadal timescales, markedly poorer than the reconstructed NH series. The coldest year of the millennium over the NH is ad 1601, the coldest decade 1691–1700 and the seventeenth is the coldest century. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is performed on yearly values for the 17 reconstructions over the period ad 1660–1970. The correlation between PC1 and NH10 is 0.92, even though PC1 explains only 13.6% of the total variance of all 17 series. Similar PCA is performed on thousand-year-long General Circulation Model (GCM) data from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and the Hadley Centre (HADCM2), sampling these for the same locations and seasons as the proxy data. For GFDL, the correlation between its PC1 and its NH10 is 0.89, while for HADCM2 the PCs group markedly differently. Cross-spectral analyses are performed on the proxy data and the GFDL model data at two different frequency bands (0.02 and 0.03 cycles per year). Both analyses suggest that there is no large-scale coherency in the series on these timescales. This implies that if the proxy data are meaningful, it should be relatively straightforward to detect a coherent near-global anthropogenic signal in surface temperature data. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Northern Hemisphere # Location: Northern Hemisphere # Northernmost_Latitude: 90 # Southernmost_Latitude: 0 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation_m: #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Jones1998 # Earliest_Year: 1000 # Most_Recent_Year: 1991 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: Short_name what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,climate reconstructions,,,N, ## N.Hem.Norm temperature,multiple proxies,,standard deviation unit,,climate reconstructions,normalized,,N,normalized to the mean and variance of instrumental data for JJA during the 1901-50 period; N.Hem.Anom is related to the normalized series as follows: N.Hem.Norm*0.521 - 0.1134 ## N.Hem.Anom temperature,multiple proxies,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,anomalized,,N,anomalies in Degrees C vs 1961-90 mean ## N.Hem#Prox number of samples,,,count,,climate reconstructions,,,N,# of proxies used in each year # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: (Value used to flag missing data in the table below) age_CE N.Hem.Norm N.Hem.Anom N.Hem#Prox 1000 -0.24 -0.2384 3 1001 -0.02 -0.1238 3 1002 -0.06 -0.1447 3 1003 -1.01 -0.6396 3 1004 -0.63 -0.4416 3 1005 -0.37 -0.3062 3 1006 0.2 -0.0092 3 1007 -0.37 -0.3062 3 1008 -0.56 -0.4052 3 1009 0.01 -0.1082 3 1010 -0.25 -0.2437 3 1011 0.12 -0.0509 3 1012 -0.69 -0.4729 3 1013 -0.64 -0.4468 3 1014 -0.15 -0.1916 3 1015 -0.68 -0.4677 3 1016 -0.4 -0.3218 3 1017 -0.8 -0.5302 3 1018 -0.08 -0.1551 3 1019 0.07 -0.0769 3 1020 0.06 -0.0821 3 1021 0.16 -0.03 3 1022 -0.49 -0.3687 3 1023 -0.57 -0.4104 3 1024 -0.25 -0.2437 3 1025 -0.04 -0.1342 3 1026 -0.57 -0.4104 3 1027 -0.12 -0.1759 3 1028 0.57 0.1836 3 1029 -0.92 -0.5927 3 1030 0.42 0.1054 3 1031 0.1 -0.0613 3 1032 -1.63 -0.9626 3 1033 0.43 0.1106 3 1034 0.31 0.0481 3 1035 -0.35 -0.2958 3 1036 0.03 -0.0978 3 1037 0.01 -0.1082 3 1038 0.37 0.0794 3 1039 0.04 -0.0926 3 1040 -0.18 -0.2072 3 1041 -0.69 -0.4729 3 1042 -0.57 -0.4104 3 1043 0.57 0.1836 3 1044 -0.03 -0.129 3 1045 0.59 0.194 3 1046 -0.69 -0.4729 3 1047 -0.05 -0.1395 3 1048 0.42 0.1054 3 1049 -0.5 -0.3739 3 1050 -0.08 -0.1551 3 1051 0.41 0.1002 3 1052 0.21 -0.004 3 1053 -0.01 -0.1186 3 1054 0.17 -0.0248 3 1055 -0.51 -0.3791 3 1056 0.1 -0.0613 3 1057 0.27 0.0273 3 1058 0.61 0.2044 3 1059 -0.35 -0.2958 3 1060 -0.17 -0.202 3 1061 0.48 0.1367 3 1062 0.35 0.069 3 1063 -0.73 -0.4937 3 1064 -0.34 -0.2905 3 1065 -0.34 -0.2905 3 1066 -0.21 -0.2228 3 1067 -0.5 -0.3739 3 1068 -0.54 -0.3947 3 1069 -0.09 -0.1603 3 1070 -0.54 -0.3947 3 1071 -0.05 -0.1395 3 1072 0.13 -0.0457 3 1073 0.32 0.0533 4 1074 1.16 0.491 4 1075 0.15 -0.0353 4 1076 -0.07 -0.1499 4 1077 -0.53 -0.3895 4 1078 -0.94 -0.6031 4 1079 -0.15 -0.1916 4 1080 0.44 0.1158 4 1081 0.42 0.1054 4 1082 0.39 0.0898 4 1083 -0.77 -0.5146 4 1084 0.53 0.1627 4 1085 -0.31 -0.2749 4 1086 0.46 0.1263 4 1087 0.41 0.1002 4 1088 0.13 -0.0457 4 1089 -0.09 -0.1603 4 1090 -0.01 -0.1186 4 1091 0.36 0.0742 4 1092 0.14 -0.0405 4 1093 -0.27 -0.2541 4 1094 -0.41 -0.327 4 1095 -0.04 -0.1342 4 1096 -0.07 -0.1499 4 1097 0.42 0.1054 4 1098 0.52 0.1575 4 1099 -0.3 -0.2697 4 1100 -0.07 -0.1499 4 1101 -0.6 -0.426 4 1102 0.4 0.095 4 1103 0.74 0.2721 4 1104 0.34 0.0637 4 1105 0.51 0.1523 4 1106 1.25 0.5379 4 1107 0.2 -0.0092 4 1108 -0.13 -0.1811 4 1109 -0.54 -0.3947 4 1110 -0.45 -0.3479 4 1111 -0.4 -0.3218 4 1112 -0.29 -0.2645 4 1113 0.22 0.0012 4 1114 -0.56 -0.4052 4 1115 -0.17 -0.202 4 1116 -0.48 -0.3635 4 1117 -0.66 -0.4573 4 1118 -0.56 -0.4052 4 1119 -0.15 -0.1916 4 1120 -0.41 -0.327 4 1121 -0.1 -0.1655 4 1122 -0.07 -0.1499 4 1123 -0.18 -0.2072 4 1124 -0.77 -0.5146 4 1125 -0.95 -0.6084 4 1126 -0.51 -0.3791 4 1127 -0.73 -0.4937 4 1128 -0.53 -0.3895 4 1129 -0.95 -0.6084 4 1130 -0.5 -0.3739 4 1131 -0.33 -0.2853 4 1132 -0.36 -0.301 4 1133 -0.48 -0.3635 4 1134 -0.41 -0.327 4 1135 0 -0.1134 4 1136 -0.55 -0.4 4 1137 -0.33 -0.2853 4 1138 -0.23 -0.2332 4 1139 -0.92 -0.5927 4 1140 -0.01 -0.1186 4 1141 -0.12 -0.1759 4 1142 0 -0.1134 4 1143 -0.26 -0.2489 4 1144 -0.43 -0.3374 4 1145 -0.21 -0.2228 4 1146 -0.36 -0.301 4 1147 -0.3 -0.2697 4 1148 -0.22 -0.228 4 1149 -0.73 -0.4937 4 1150 -0.34 -0.2905 4 1151 -0.7 -0.4781 4 1152 -0.61 -0.4312 4 1153 -0.13 -0.1811 4 1154 -0.29 -0.2645 4 1155 -0.03 -0.129 4 1156 -0.32 -0.2801 4 1157 -0.67 -0.4625 4 1158 -0.19 -0.2124 4 1159 -0.15 -0.1916 4 1160 -0.47 -0.3583 4 1161 -0.09 -0.1603 4 1162 -0.14 -0.1863 4 1163 0.35 0.069 4 1164 -0.17 -0.202 4 1165 -0.02 -0.1238 4 1166 -0.36 -0.301 4 1167 0.14 -0.0405 4 1168 0.02 -0.103 4 1169 0.16 -0.03 4 1170 -0.35 -0.2958 4 1171 -0.27 -0.2541 4 1172 -0.77 -0.5146 4 1173 0 -0.1134 4 1174 -0.23 -0.2332 4 1175 0.3 0.0429 4 1176 -0.58 -0.4156 4 1177 -0.62 -0.4364 4 1178 -0.34 -0.2905 4 1179 -0.19 -0.2124 4 1180 -0.38 -0.3114 4 1181 -0.26 -0.2489 4 1182 -0.49 -0.3687 4 1183 0.06 -0.0821 4 1184 0.01 -0.1082 4 1185 0.08 -0.0717 4 1186 -0.24 -0.2384 4 1187 0.09 -0.0665 4 1188 -0.28 -0.2593 4 1189 -0.8 -0.5302 4 1190 -0.12 -0.1759 4 1191 0.29 0.0377 4 1192 -0.46 -0.3531 4 1193 0.26 0.0221 4 1194 -0.93 -0.5979 4 1195 -0.49 -0.3687 4 1196 -0.37 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-0.3218 10 1682 -1.01 -0.6396 10 1683 -0.7 -0.4781 10 1684 -0.38 -0.3114 10 1685 -0.99 -0.6292 10 1686 -0.31 -0.2749 10 1687 -0.41 -0.327 10 1688 -1.02 -0.6448 10 1689 -0.4 -0.3218 10 1690 -0.63 -0.4416 10 1691 -0.39 -0.3166 10 1692 -0.67 -0.4625 10 1693 -0.67 -0.4625 10 1694 -1.19 -0.7334 10 1695 -1.56 -0.9262 10 1696 -1.19 -0.7334 10 1697 -1.12 -0.6969 10 1698 -1.45 -0.8689 10 1699 -1.48 -0.8845 10 1700 -1.2 -0.7386 10 1701 -1.18 -0.7282 10 1702 -1.14 -0.7073 10 1703 -0.51 -0.3791 10 1704 -0.58 -0.4156 10 1705 -0.94 -0.6031 10 1706 -0.56 -0.4052 10 1707 -0.22 -0.228 10 1708 -0.7 -0.4781 10 1709 -0.66 -0.4573 10 1710 -0.62 -0.4364 10 1711 -0.36 -0.301 10 1712 -0.02 -0.1238 10 1713 -0.53 -0.3895 10 1714 -0.48 -0.3635 10 1715 -0.31 -0.2749 10 1716 -0.22 -0.228 10 1717 -0.47 -0.3583 10 1718 0.1 -0.0613 10 1719 -0.11 -0.1707 10 1720 -0.25 -0.2437 10 1721 -0.66 -0.4573 10 1722 -0.7 -0.4781 10 1723 -0.49 -0.3687 10 1724 -0.42 -0.3322 10 1725 -1.2 -0.7386 10 1726 -0.47 -0.3583 10 1727 -0.37 -0.3062 10 1728 -0.03 -0.129 10 1729 -0.53 -0.3895 10 1730 -0.72 -0.4885 10 1731 -0.66 -0.4573 10 1732 -0.83 -0.5458 10 1733 -0.24 -0.2384 10 1734 -0.42 -0.3322 10 1735 -0.46 -0.3531 10 1736 -0.39 -0.3166 10 1737 -0.52 -0.3843 10 1738 -0.87 -0.5667 10 1739 -0.31 -0.2749 10 1740 -0.75 -0.5042 10 1741 -0.19 -0.2124 10 1742 -0.66 -0.4573 10 1743 -0.07 -0.1499 10 1744 -0.47 -0.3583 10 1745 -0.61 -0.4312 10 1746 -0.12 -0.1759 10 1747 0 -0.1134 10 1748 0.02 -0.103 10 1749 -0.96 -0.6136 10 1750 -0.37 -0.3062 10 1751 -0.62 -0.4364 10 1752 -0.5 -0.3739 10 1753 0.04 -0.0926 10 1754 -0.23 -0.2332 10 1755 -0.25 -0.2437 10 1756 -0.2 -0.2176 10 1757 0.01 -0.1082 10 1758 -0.18 -0.2072 10 1759 0.2 -0.0092 10 1760 0.13 -0.0457 10 1761 -0.1 -0.1655 10 1762 0.17 -0.0248 10 1763 -0.39 -0.3166 10 1764 -0.22 -0.228 10 1765 0.13 -0.0457 10 1766 -0.03 -0.129 10 1767 -0.29 -0.2645 10 1768 -0.4 -0.3218 10 1769 -0.74 -0.4989 10 1770 -0.73 -0.4937 10 1771 -0.38 -0.3114 10 1772 -0.12 -0.1759 10 1773 -0.05 -0.1395 10 1774 0.18 -0.0196 10 1775 -0.01 -0.1186 10 1776 0.05 -0.0874 10 1777 -0.71 -0.4833 10 1778 -0.3 -0.2697 10 1779 -0.46 -0.3531 10 1780 0.11 -0.0561 10 1781 -0.31 -0.2749 10 1782 -0.58 -0.4156 10 1783 -0.7 -0.4781 10 1784 -0.81 -0.5354 10 1785 -0.66 -0.4573 10 1786 -0.27 -0.2541 10 1787 -0.72 -0.4885 10 1788 -0.31 -0.2749 10 1789 -0.17 -0.202 10 1790 -0.6 -0.426 10 1791 0.11 -0.0561 10 1792 0.03 -0.0978 10 1793 -0.13 -0.1811 10 1794 0.42 0.1054 10 1795 -0.69 -0.4729 10 1796 -0.23 -0.2332 10 1797 -0.53 -0.3895 10 1798 0.3 0.0429 10 1799 -0.01 -0.1186 10 1800 -0.05 -0.1395 10 1801 -0.48 -0.3635 10 1802 -0.41 -0.327 10 1803 -0.05 -0.1395 10 1804 0.13 -0.0457 10 1805 -0.28 -0.2593 10 1806 -0.74 -0.4989 10 1807 -0.11 -0.1707 10 1808 0.08 -0.0717 10 1809 -0.47 -0.3583 10 1810 -1.1 -0.6865 10 1811 -0.96 -0.6136 10 1812 -0.87 -0.5667 10 1813 -1.39 -0.8376 10 1814 -0.75 -0.5042 10 1815 -1.01 -0.6396 10 1816 -1.27 -0.7751 10 1817 -0.98 -0.624 10 1818 -1.04 -0.6552 10 1819 -0.7 -0.4781 10 1820 -0.51 -0.3791 10 1821 -0.92 -0.5927 10 1822 -0.14 -0.1863 10 1823 -0.53 -0.3895 10 1824 -0.48 -0.3635 10 1825 -0.33 -0.2853 10 1826 0.09 -0.0665 10 1827 -0.44 -0.3426 10 1828 -0.15 -0.1916 10 1829 -0.3 -0.2697 10 1830 -0.62 -0.4364 10 1831 -0.36 -0.301 10 1832 -0.77 -0.5146 10 1833 -1.44 -0.8636 10 1834 -0.86 -0.5615 10 1835 -1.44 -0.8636 10 1836 -1.29 -0.7855 10 1837 -1.39 -0.8376 10 1838 -1.42 -0.8532 10 1839 -0.89 -0.5771 10 1840 -0.99 -0.6292 10 1841 -0.95 -0.6084 10 1842 -0.37 -0.3062 10 1843 -1.19 -0.7334 10 1844 -1.25 -0.7647 10 1845 -1.19 -0.7334 10 1846 -0.06 -0.1447 10 1847 -0.46 -0.3531 10 1848 -1.4 -0.8428 10 1849 -1.26 -0.7699 10 1850 -0.89 -0.5771 10 1851 -0.79 -0.525 10 1852 -0.43 -0.3374 10 1853 -0.54 -0.3947 10 1854 -0.8 -0.5302 10 1855 -1.05 -0.6605 10 1856 -0.95 -0.6084 10 1857 -0.67 -0.4625 10 1858 -0.33 -0.2853 10 1859 -0.32 -0.2801 10 1860 -1.12 -0.6969 10 1861 -0.45 -0.3479 10 1862 -1.27 -0.7751 10 1863 -0.58 -0.4156 10 1864 -0.81 -0.5354 10 1865 -0.66 -0.4573 10 1866 -1.31 -0.7959 10 1867 -0.77 -0.5146 10 1868 -0.42 -0.3322 10 1869 -0.64 -0.4468 10 1870 -0.51 -0.3791 10 1871 -0.45 -0.3479 10 1872 -0.64 -0.4468 10 1873 -0.23 -0.2332 10 1874 -0.51 -0.3791 10 1875 -0.39 -0.3166 10 1876 -0.67 -0.4625 10 1877 -0.66 -0.4573 10 1878 -0.5 -0.3739 10 1879 -1.02 -0.6448 10 1880 -1.48 -0.8845 10 1881 -0.92 -0.5927 10 1882 -1.15 -0.7126 10 1883 -0.69 -0.4729 10 1884 -0.76 -0.5094 10 1885 -0.9 -0.5823 10 1886 -0.51 -0.3791 10 1887 -0.4 -0.3218 10 1888 -0.86 -0.5615 10 1889 -0.4 -0.3218 10 1890 -0.64 -0.4468 10 1891 -0.86 -0.5615 10 1892 -0.81 -0.5354 10 1893 -0.1 -0.1655 10 1894 -0.22 -0.228 10 1895 -0.64 -0.4468 10 1896 -0.89 -0.5771 10 1897 -0.32 -0.2801 10 1898 -0.22 -0.228 10 1899 -1 -0.6344 10 1900 -0.21 -0.2228 10 1901 0.02 -0.103 10 1902 -0.7 -0.4781 10 1903 -0.94 -0.6031 10 1904 -0.19 -0.2124 10 1905 -0.15 -0.1916 10 1906 -0.38 -0.3114 10 1907 -1.28 -0.7803 10 1908 -0.14 -0.1863 10 1909 -0.67 -0.4625 10 1910 -0.28 -0.2593 10 1911 -0.05 -0.1395 10 1912 -0.63 -0.4416 10 1913 -0.57 -0.4104 10 1914 -0.32 -0.2801 10 1915 -0.14 -0.1863 10 1916 -0.11 -0.1707 10 1917 -0.27 -0.2541 10 1918 -0.52 -0.3843 10 1919 0 -0.1134 10 1920 -0.26 -0.2489 10 1921 0.33 0.0585 10 1922 0.11 -0.0561 10 1923 -0.06 -0.1447 10 1924 -0.26 -0.2489 10 1925 0.16 -0.03 10 1926 0.3 0.0429 10 1927 -0.01 -0.1186 10 1928 0.17 -0.0248 10 1929 0.33 0.0585 10 1930 0.42 0.1054 10 1931 0.11 -0.0561 10 1932 0.21 -0.004 10 1933 0.27 0.0273 10 1934 0.7 0.2513 10 1935 0.43 0.1106 10 1936 0.62 0.2096 10 1937 0.3 0.0429 10 1938 0.22 0.0012 10 1939 0.21 -0.004 10 1940 0.02 -0.103 10 1941 0.07 -0.0769 10 1942 0.34 0.0637 10 1943 0.24 0.0116 10 1944 0.2 -0.0092 10 1945 0.42 0.1054 10 1946 0.24 0.0116 10 1947 0.58 0.1888 10 1948 -0.19 -0.2124 10 1949 0.37 0.0794 10 1950 0.73 0.2669 10 1951 -0.09 -0.1603 10 1952 0.65 0.2253 10 1953 0.49 0.1419 10 1954 -0.41 -0.327 10 1955 0.14 -0.0405 10 1956 -0.02 -0.1238 10 1957 0.15 -0.0353 10 1958 0.31 0.0481 10 1959 0.49 0.1419 10 1960 0.63 0.2148 10 1961 0.22 0.0012 10 1962 -0.2 -0.2176 10 1963 0.06 -0.0821 10 1964 -0.15 -0.1916 10 1965 -0.14 -0.1863 10 1966 -0.16 -0.1968 10 1967 0.15 -0.0353 10 1968 -0.51 -0.3791 10 1969 0.33 0.0585 10 1970 0.41 0.1002 10 1971 0.25 0.0169 10 1972 -0.04 -0.1342 10 1973 0.35 0.069 10 1974 0.18 -0.0196 10 1975 -0.09 -0.1603 9 1976 0.71 0.2565 9 1977 0.21 -0.004 9 1978 -0.41 -0.327 9 1979 -0.32 -0.2801 9 1980 -0.37 -0.3062 8 1981 0.03 -0.0978 7 1982 0.35 0.069 7 1983 0.66 0.2305 6 1984 0.54 0.1679 5 1985 -0.08 -0.1551 5 1986 -0.04 -0.1342 4 1987 -0.14 -0.1863 4 1988 0.3 0.0429 3 1989 0.61 0.2044 2 1990 0.7 0.2513 2 1991 0.13 -0.0457 1