# Northern North Atlantic Holocene Summer Sea-Surface Temperatures Reconstruction
#----------------------------------------------------
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                  and
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------
# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/17635
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-ocean-17635.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Data_Type: Paleoceanography
#
# Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/77wa-6n43
#
# Science_Keywords: Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction
#--------------------
# Resource_Links
#
# Data_Download_Resource:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/jiang2015/jiang2015-md99-2275-noaa.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; MD99-2275 SST Reconstruction
#
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2015-01-02
#--------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2024-06-06
#--------------------
# Title
#   Study_Name: Northern North Atlantic Holocene Summer Sea-Surface Temperatures Reconstruction
#--------------------
# Investigators
#   Investigators: Jiang, H.; Muscheler, R.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-3631); Björck, S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-9000); Seidenkrantz, M.-S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-5969); Olsen, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-5520); Sha, L.; Sjolte, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-5331); Eiríksson, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-2417); Ran, L.; Knudsen, K.L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-3618); Knudsen, M.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5039-1773)
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: A subdecadal (youngest part of record) to multi-decadal (oldest part of record) resolution time series of sea surface temperature (SST) spanning the last 9300 years is reconstructed by using diatom-based transfer function on data from core MD99-2275, north of Iceland. Shifts between cold and warm SST strongly correlated to solar forcing during last 4000 years. Age model based on 15 independantly-dated tephra horizons
# Provided Keywords: North Atlantic, North Iceland shelf, Irminger Current
#--------------------
# Publication
#   Authors: Hui Jiang, Raimund Muscheler, Svante Björck, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Jesper Olsen, Longbin Sha, Jesper Sjolte, Jón Eiríksson, Lihua Ran, Karen-Luise Knudsen, Mads F. Knudsen
#   Journal_Name: Geology
#   Published_Title: Solar forcing of Holocene summer sea-surface temperatures in the northern North Atlantic
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2015
#   Volume: 43
#   Pages: 203-206
#   Issue: 3
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 10.1130/G36377.1
#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: Mounting evidence from proxy records suggests that variations in solar activity have played a significant role in triggering past climate changes. However, the mechanisms for Sun-climate linkages remain a topic of debate. Here we present a high-resolution summer sea-surface temperature (SST) record covering the last 9300 yr from a site located at the present-day boundary between Polar and Atlantic surface-water masses. The record is age-constrained via the identification of 15 independently-dated tephra markers from terrestrial archives, circumventing marine reservoir age variability problems. Our results indicate a close link between solar activity and SSTs in the northern North Atlantic during the past 4000 years. They suggest that the climate system in this area is more susceptible to the influence of solar variations during cool periods with less vigorous ocean circulation. Furthermore, the high-resolution SST record indicates that climate in the North Atlantic regions follows solar activity variations on multi-decadal to centennial time scales.
#--------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
#   Grant:
#--------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation of China 
#   Grant: 41176048, 41406209
#--------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: Swedish Research Council 
#   Grant: 2013-8421
#--------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: State Oceanic Administration
#   Grant: CHINARE2015-03-02
#--------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: Danish Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences
#   Grant: 09-072321, 12-126709
#--------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: European Union’s Seventh Framework programme
#   Grant: 243908
#--------------------
# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: MD99-2275
#   Location: North Atlantic Ocean
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 66.551
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 66.551
#   Easternmost_Longitude: -17.699
#   Westernmost_Longitude: -17.699
#   Elevation_m: -470
#--------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: MD99-2275 DiatomSST Jiang15
#   First_Year: 9271
#   Last_Year: 75
#   Time_Unit: cal yr BP
#   Core_Length_m: 2063
#   Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction
#   Notes: Record length given, not total core length. SST reference period: 1981-1986 A.D.
#--------------------
# Chronology_Information
#   Chronology: Radiocarbon
#   Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-14c-terms.csv
#     Chronology_Download_Description: Radiocarbon terms and definitions.
#   Chronology_Notes: Age model is based on tephrachronology. Many 14C dates also exist, but are no longer used in the age models from this site.
#   Rejection_Rationale:
#   Reservoir_Method:
#   Calibration_Method: 
#   Age_Model_Method: 
#   Missing_Values: NaN
#   Chronology_Table:
# depth_cm	material_dated	date_type	age_14C_BP1950	age_14C_1s_yr	calib_curve	age_calib_BP1950
# 60.0	V 1797	tephra	NA	NA	None	153
# 101.0	V 1717	tephra	NA	NA	None	233
# 179.0	V 1477	tephra	NA	NA	None	473
# 209.0	V 1410	tephra	NA	NA	None	540
# 239.0	Hekla 1300	tephra	NA	NA	None	650
# 276.0	Hekla 1104	tephra	NA	NA	None	846
# 321.0	Settlement layer	other marker	NA	NA	None	1079
# 460.0	Snæfellsjökull-1	tephra	NA	NA	None	1818
# 687.0	Hekla 3	tephra	NA	NA	None	2980
# 1552.0	Hekla 5	tephra	NA	NA	None	7125
# 2560.0	Saksunarvatn ash	tephra	NA	NA	None	10300
# 3407.0	Vedde Ash	tephra	NA	NA	None	12000
#--------------------
# Variables
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
## depth_cm	depth,,,centimeter,,climate reconstructions;paleoceanography,,,N,
## age_calyrBP	age,,,calendar year before present,,climate reconstructions;paleoceanography,,,N,
## SST-DTF	sea surface temperature,diatom assemblage,,degree Celsius,summer,climate reconstructions;paleoceanography,,regression analysis,N,weighted-averaging partial least squares regression
#--------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Value: NA
depth_cm	age_calyrBP	SST-DTF
0.5	75	6.5
2.5	77	6.7
5.5	81	7.1
7.5	84	7.4
10.5	88	6.3
12.5	90	6.7
15.5	94	6.3
17.5	97	7.4
20.5	101	6.4
22.5	103	6.7
25.5	107	7.1
27.5	110	6.9
30.5	114	7.2
32.5	117	7.1
35.5	120	7.1
37.5	123	6.8
40.5	127	5.8
42.5	130	6.7
45.5	133	6.5
47.5	136	7.1
50.5	140	6.5
52.5	143	7
55.5	147	7
57.5	149	7.3
60.5	153	6.8
62.5	157	7
65.5	163	6.8
67.5	167	7.2
70.5	173	6.3
72.5	177	6.9
75.5	183	7.3
77.5	187	6.8
80.5	193	7.2
82.5	196	7.1
85.5	202	7.2
87.5	206	7.1
90.5	212	6.9
92.5	216	7.2
95.5	222	8
97.5	226	7.2
100.5	232	7.3
102.5	238	7.2
105.5	247	6.6
107.5	253	7.3
110.5	262	7.3
112.5	268	7
115.5	277	7.1
117.5	283	6.5
120.5	292	6.9
122.5	298	6.8
125.5	307	6.6
127.5	314	6.9
130.5	323	6.6
132.5	329	6.8
135.5	338	6.9
137.5	344	7.1
140.5	353	7
142.5	359	7.4
145.5	368	7.2
147.5	374	7.3
150.5	383	6.9
152.5	389	6.5
155.5	399	6.9
157.5	405	7.5
160.5	414	7.1
162.5	420	6.7
165.5	429	6.6
167.5	435	6.8
170.5	444	6.8
172.5	450	6.8
175.5	459	6.2
177.5	465	7.3
180.5	474	7
182.5	478	6.9
185.5	486	6.4
187.5	490	6.7
190.5	498	7.3
192.5	502	7.5
195.5	510	7
197.5	515	6.6
200.5	522	7
202.5	527	6.8
205.5	534	6.6
207.5	539	6.7
210.5	548	6.9
212.5	555	6.7
215.5	566	7
217.5	573	7.5
220.5	584	6.1
222.5	591	7.3
225.5	601	6.8
227.5	609	7.2
230.5	620	6.3
232.5	627	7
235.5	637	7.1
237.5	645	8
240.5	658	7.3
242.5	669	7.3
245.5	685	7.2
247.5	696	7.3
250.5	712	7.7
252.5	722	7.6
255.5	739	7.7
257.5	749	7.8
260.5	765	7.6
262.5	776	8.2
265.5	792	7.4
267.5	803	7.5
270.5	819	7.2
272.5	830	8
275.5	846	6.9
277.5	853	7.6
280.5	863	7.7
282.5	870	7.5
285.5	881	6.9
287.5	888	7.8
290.5	898	7.3
292.5	905	8
295.5	916	7.6
297.5	923	8.1
300.5	935	7.6
302.5	949	7.2
305.5	970	7.3
307.5	985	7.2
310.5	1006	8.1
315.5	1041	7.4
319.5	1069	6.7
322.5	1088	7.6
327.5	1113	8.1
332.5	1139	7.2
337.5	1164	7.2
342.5	1190	7.6
347.5	1215	7.7
352.5	1241	7.4
357.5	1266	7.3
362.5	1292	7.3
367.5	1318	7.8
372.5	1343	8.2
377.5	1369	7.7
382.5	1394	7.9
387.5	1420	7.6
392.5	1446	7.9
397.5	1471	8.3
402.5	1497	7.9
407.5	1522	7.3
412.5	1548	8
417.5	1573	8.2
422.5	1599	8
427.5	1624	8
432.5	1650	7.4
437.5	1676	7.2
442.5	1701	7.5
447.5	1727	7.9
452.5	1752	8.1
457.5	1778	8
462.5	1804	7.6
467.5	1830	7.6
472.5	1856	7.5
477.5	1883	8.4
482.5	1909	8
487.5	1935	7.7
492.5	1961	7.6
497.5	1988	7.3
502.5	2014	7.7
512.5	2066	7.8
522.5	2118	8.2
532.5	2171	8.7
542.5	2223	9.3
552.5	2276	7.6
562.5	2328	8.2
572.5	2380	7.6
582.5	2433	8
592.5	2486	7.6
602.5	2538	8.5
612.5	2590	8.2
622.5	2643	7.4
632.5	2695	7.3
642.5	2748	7.6
652.5	2800	7.8
662.5	2852	8.5
672.5	2905	7.9
682.5	2958	7.9
692.5	3008	8.8
702.5	3056	8.3
712.5	3103	8.3
722.5	3152	8.7
732.5	3200	7.6
742.5	3248	8.1
752.5	3296	7.7
762.5	3344	7.9
772.5	3392	7.6
782.5	3440	8.5
792.5	3488	8.3
802.5	3536	8.4
812.5	3584	8
822.5	3632	8.5
832.5	3680	7.6
842.5	3729	8.2
852.5	3776	7.9
862.5	3825	8.7
872.5	3873	8.1
882.5	3921	7.8
892.5	3969	7.9
903.5	4022	7.8
912.5	4065	8.3
923.5	4118	7.6
932.5	4161	7.9
943.5	4214	8.4
952.5	4260	7.6
962.5	4312	8.8
972.5	4363	8.3
982.5	4414	8.3
992.5	4465	7.8
1002.5	4516	8.8
1012.5	4567	8.4
1022.5	4618	8.2
1032.5	4670	8.3
1042.5	4721	8.8
1052.5	4772	8
1062.5	4823	8.1
1072.5	4874	7.7
1082.5	4925	8.5
1092.5	4977	7.5
1102.5	5028	7.7
1112.5	5079	8.2
1122.5	5130	7.4
1132.5	5181	8.1
1142.5	5233	8.8
1152.5	5284	8.5
1162.5	5335	7.7
1172.5	5386	8.5
1182.5	5437	8.1
1192.5	5485	8.1
1202.5	5528	8.7
1212.5	5572	8.1
1222.5	5616	8.5
1232.5	5660	7.9
1242.5	5703	8.2
1252.5	5747	8.2
1262.5	5791	8.9
1272.5	5835	8.9
1282.5	5878	9.1
1292.5	5922	9
1302.5	5966	8.8
1312.5	6010	8.1
1322.5	6053	8.4
1332.5	6094	8.1
1342.5	6134	8.3
1352.5	6175	8.1
1362.5	6215	8.5
1372.5	6256	8.5
1382.5	6296	8.7
1392.5	6336	8.7
1402.5	6377	8.4
1412.5	6417	8.8
1422.5	6457	8.8
1432.5	6498	8.4
1442.5	6538	8.5
1452.5	6579	8.2
1462.5	6619	8.6
1472.5	6662	9
1482.5	6705	8.7
1492.5	6748	9.5
1502.5	6791	8.6
1512.5	6834	8.8
1522.5	6877	8.7
1532.5	6920	8.2
1542.5	6964	9.1
1552.5	7008	8.9
1562.5	7050	9.2
1572.5	7094	8.9
1582.5	7138	9.4
1592.5	7181	8.9
1602.5	7225	8.5
1612.5	7269	9.2
1622.5	7312	9.9
1632.5	7356	9.3
1642.5	7400	9
1652.5	7443	9.5
1662.5	7487	9.7
1672.5	7530	9.9
1682.5	7574	9.9
1692.5	7618	9.4
1702.5	7662	9.1
1712.5	7705	9.5
1722.5	7749	9.8
1732.5	7792	9.5
1742.5	7836	9.7
1752.5	7880	9
1762.5	7923	9.6
1772.5	7967	9.2
1782.5	8011	9.1
1792.5	8054	9.2
1802.5	8098	9.8
1812.5	8143	8.2
1822.5	8188	8
1832.5	8233	8.3
1842.5	8278	8.8
1852.5	8324	8.6
1862.5	8369	8.2
1872.5	8414	8.6
1882.5	8459	9.6
1892.5	8504	8.2
1902.5	8549	8.6
1912.5	8594	8.7
1922.5	8639	8.1
1932.5	8685	8.9
1942.5	8730	8.6
1952.5	8775	8.7
1962.5	8820	8.3
1972.5	8865	8.4
1982.5	8910	8.5
1992.5	8956	9
2002.5	9001	8.6
2012.5	9046	7.9
2022.5	9091	8.7
2032.5	9136	9.2
2042.5	9181	8.6
2052.5	9226	8.3
2062.5	9271	8.9