# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - UK-CHARD #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1001082 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/UK-CHARD.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - UK-CHARD #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: UK-CHARD # Location: United Kingdom # Northernmost_Latitude: 50.85 # Southernmost_Latitude: 50.85 # Easternmost_Longitude: -2.93 # Westernmost_Longitude: -2.93 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: UK-CHARD-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1984 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: K.E. Rollin (UK) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 11.435 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.231 # 17th -0.259 # 18th -0.277 # 19th -0.315 # 20th -1.254 # Date of logging (Year): 1983.5 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 1.45 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 31.57 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 21.41 10.860 24.47 10.950 27.53 11.060 30.59 11.150 33.65 11.260 36.71 11.400 39.77 11.530 42.82 11.660 45.88 11.830 48.94 11.980 52.00 12.100 55.06 12.250 58.12 12.400 61.18 12.540 64.24 12.660 67.30 12.800 70.36 12.940 73.41 13.070 76.47 13.200 79.53 13.330 82.59 13.440 85.65 13.560 88.71 13.670 91.77 13.790 94.83 13.890 97.89 14.000 100.94 14.100 104.00 14.210 107.06 14.330 110.12 14.470 113.18 14.550 116.24 14.650 119.30 14.750 122.36 14.840 125.42 14.920 128.48 15.060 131.53 15.240 137.65 15.520 140.71 15.610 143.77 15.710 146.83 15.810 149.89 15.930 152.95 16.040 156.01 16.140 159.06 16.250 162.12 16.360 165.18 16.450 168.24 16.550 171.30 16.660 174.36 16.760 177.42 16.860 180.48 16.970 183.54 17.060 186.59 17.160 189.65 17.260 192.71 17.360 195.77 17.460 198.83 17.560 201.89 17.660 204.95 17.760 208.01 17.860 211.07 17.960 214.13 18.060 217.18 18.160 220.24 18.270 223.30 18.370 226.36 18.480 229.42 18.590 232.48 18.690 235.54 18.800 238.60 18.910 241.66 19.010 244.71 19.120 247.77 19.230 250.83 19.330 253.89 19.430 256.95 19.520 260.01 19.610 263.07 19.710 266.13 19.800 269.19 19.890 272.24 20.000 275.30 20.070 278.36 20.170 281.42 20.250 284.48 20.350 287.54 20.440 289.47 20.500