# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3560007 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004884 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-3560007.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-3560007 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-3560007 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.7590 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.7590 # Easternmost_Longitude: 127.5057 # Westernmost_Longitude: 127.5057 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-3560007-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1993 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 12.55 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.759 # 17th -0.011 # 18th 0.659 # 19th 0.477 # 20th -0.019 # Date of logging (Year): 1992.163 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.68 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 27.72 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 10.00 11.700 12.00 11.850 14.00 12.090 16.00 12.310 18.00 12.470 20.00 12.590 22.00 12.800 24.00 12.860 26.00 12.950 28.00 13.040 30.00 13.120 32.00 13.200 34.00 13.320 36.00 13.350 38.00 13.430 40.00 13.620 42.00 13.620 44.00 13.700 46.00 13.760 48.00 13.800 50.00 13.930 52.00 14.000 54.00 14.080 56.00 14.190 58.00 14.160 60.00 14.220 62.00 14.260 64.00 14.330 66.00 14.370 68.00 14.440 70.00 14.530 72.00 14.550 74.00 14.600 76.00 14.670 78.00 14.710 80.00 14.760 82.00 14.840 84.00 14.900 86.00 14.950 88.00 15.080 90.00 15.080 92.00 15.090 94.00 15.140 96.00 15.220 98.00 15.250 100.00 15.320 102.00 15.400 104.00 15.410 106.00 15.430 108.00 15.510 110.00 15.530 112.00 15.640 114.00 15.650 116.00 15.710 118.00 15.810 120.00 15.820 122.00 15.880 124.00 15.960 126.00 15.980 128.00 16.050 130.00 16.090 132.00 16.140 134.00 16.290 136.00 16.260 138.00 16.290 140.00 16.350 142.00 16.420 144.00 16.470 146.00 16.530 148.00 16.580 150.00 16.640 152.00 16.690 154.00 16.750 156.00 16.800 158.00 16.860 160.00 16.910 162.00 16.970 164.00 17.020 166.00 17.080 168.00 17.130 170.00 17.200 172.00 17.260 174.00 17.310 176.00 17.370 178.00 17.420 180.00 17.480 182.00 17.560 184.00 17.610 186.00 17.640 188.00 17.690 190.00 17.770 192.00 17.800 194.00 17.870 196.00 17.900 198.00 17.990 200.00 17.990 202.00 18.040 204.00 18.140 206.00 18.150 208.00 18.190 210.00 18.260 212.00 18.320 214.00 18.390 216.00 18.410 218.00 18.460 220.00 18.530 222.00 18.590 224.00 18.640 226.00 18.720 228.00 18.740 230.00 18.820 232.00 18.860 234.00 18.900 236.00 18.980 238.00 19.030 240.00 19.090 242.00 19.230 244.00 19.230 246.00 19.260 248.00 19.310 250.00 19.380 252.00 19.450 254.00 19.500 256.00 19.560 258.00 19.620 260.00 19.660 262.00 19.730 264.00 19.800 266.00 19.850 268.00 19.920 270.00 19.970 272.00 20.020 274.00 20.170 276.00 20.170 278.00 20.180 280.00 20.230 282.00 20.330 284.00 20.370 286.00 20.420 288.00 20.460 290.00 20.530 292.00 20.590 294.00 20.650 296.00 20.690 298.00 20.790 300.00 20.810 302.00 20.870 304.00 20.920 306.00 20.980 308.00 21.040 310.00 21.100 312.00 21.150 314.00 21.210 316.00 21.260 318.00 21.350 320.00 21.380 322.00 21.450 324.00 21.500 326.00 21.560 328.00 21.600 330.00 21.660 332.00 21.720 334.00 21.800 336.00 21.850 338.00 21.910 340.00 21.960 342.00 22.020 344.00 22.080 346.00 22.140 348.00 22.190 350.00 22.250 352.00 22.310 354.00 22.360 356.00 22.420 358.00 22.480 360.00 22.530 362.00 22.590 364.00 22.650 366.00 22.710 368.00 22.760 370.00 22.820 372.00 22.910 374.00 22.950 376.00 22.990 378.00 23.050 380.00 23.100 382.00 23.170 384.00 23.200 386.00 23.260 388.00 23.320 390.00 23.390 392.00 23.420 394.00 23.480 396.00 23.540 398.00 23.610 400.00 23.660 402.00 23.740 404.00 23.750 406.00 23.810 408.00 23.880 410.00 23.920 412.00 23.990 414.00 24.070 416.00 24.110 418.00 24.140 420.00 24.200 422.00 24.310 424.00 24.310 426.00 24.370 428.00 24.470 430.00 24.490 432.00 24.550 434.00 24.620 436.00 24.650 438.00 24.690 440.00 24.760 442.00 24.820 444.00 24.870 446.00 24.960 448.00 25.040 450.00 25.040 452.00 25.080 454.00 25.150 456.00 25.220 458.00 25.290 460.00 25.320 462.00 25.370 464.00 25.430 466.00 25.470 468.00 25.520 470.00 25.580 472.00 25.660 474.00 25.670 476.00 25.730 478.00 25.810 480.00 25.830 482.00 25.880 484.00 25.940 486.00 25.960 488.00 26.080 490.00 26.120 492.00 26.150 494.00 26.190 496.00 26.270 498.00 26.300 500.00 26.340 502.00 26.390 504.00 26.420 506.00 26.530 508.00 26.650