# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Tatsuta
#---------------------------------------------------------------
#           World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                             and
#                NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#         National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#---------------------------------------------------------------
#
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed.
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000602
# Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Tatsuta.html
#
# Archive: Borehole
#
# Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction
#-------------------------
# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2016-10-16
#-------------------------
# Title
#   Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - JP-Tatsuta
#-------------------------
# Investigators
#   Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y.
#-------------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on 
#      continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was 
#      inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed 
#      with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow 
#      Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National 
#      Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and 
#      Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: 
#          (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole 
#      temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The 
#      data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual 
#      variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 
#      years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. 
#          (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure 
#      operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the 
#      past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is 
#      complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. 
#          (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the 
#      original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain 
#      proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data 
#      should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate 
#      studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. 
# 
# Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016.
#-------------------- 
# Publication  
#       Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. 
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 
#       Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures 
#       Journal_Name: Nature 
#       Volume: 403 
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: 
#       Pages: 756-758 
#       DOI: 10.1038/35001556 
#       Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. 
#---------------------- 
# Funding_Agency  
#       Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation 
#       Grant: 1202673 
#---------------------- 
# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: JP-Tatsuta
#    Location: Japan
#    Northernmost_Latitude: 35.28
#    Southernmost_Latitude: 35.28
#    Easternmost_Longitude: 136.89
#    Westernmost_Longitude: 136.89
#    Elevation:
#-------------------------
# Data_Collection
#    Collection_Name: JP-Tatsuta-borehole
#    Earliest_Year: 1500
#    Most_Recent_Year: 1994
#    Time_Unit: AD
#    Core_Length:
#    Notes: Data Contact:  M. Taniguchi (JP) 
#  Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC):  15.43
#  Date (Century)    Rate of GST Change(K/100a)
#       16th                 0.654
#       17th                 0.483
#       18th                -0.073
#       19th                -1.339
#       20th                 0.188
#  Date of logging (Year):       1993.09
#  Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K):    2.00
#  Geothermal Gradient (K/km):     24.86
#  
#-------------------------
# Chronology_Information
#       Chronology:
#-------------------------
# Variables
#
# Data variables follow (marked with '##')
# Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data
## depth_m    depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N
## temp_meas	temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N
#-------------------------
# Data:
# Missing Values: NA
depth_m	temp_meas
    8.00     16.010
   10.00     16.020
   12.00     16.070
   14.00     16.120
   16.00     16.160
   18.00     16.190
   20.00     16.210
   22.00     16.240
   24.00     16.280
   26.00     16.310
   28.00     16.340
   30.00     16.380
   32.00     16.430
   34.00     16.490
   36.00     16.530
   38.00     16.570
   40.00     16.600
   42.00     16.650
   44.00     16.700
   46.00     16.740
   48.00     16.800
   50.00     16.840
   52.00     16.870
   54.00     16.910
   56.00     16.960
   58.00     16.990
   60.00     17.030
   62.00     17.070
   64.00     17.120
   66.00     17.140
   68.00     17.190
   70.00     17.240
   72.00     17.290
   74.00     17.320
   76.00     17.380
   78.00     17.430
   80.00     17.490
   82.00     17.560
   84.00     17.630
   86.00     17.710
   88.00     17.760
   90.00     17.850
   92.00     17.890
   94.00     17.950
   96.00     18.000
   98.00     18.050
  100.00     18.110
  102.00     18.170
  104.00     18.220
  106.00     18.280
  108.00     18.320
  110.00     18.380
  112.00     18.420
  114.00     18.460
  116.00     18.510
  118.00     18.570
  120.00     18.610
  122.00     18.670
  124.00     18.730
  126.00     18.780
  128.00     18.850
  130.00     18.910
  132.00     18.970
  134.00     19.030
  136.00     19.080
  138.00     19.150
  140.00     19.220
  142.00     19.280
  144.00     19.350
  146.00     19.410
  148.00     19.460
  150.00     19.490
  152.00     19.570
  154.00     19.620
  156.00     19.670
  158.00     19.700
  160.00     19.730
  162.00     19.770
  164.00     19.800
  166.00     19.820
  168.00     19.850
  170.00     19.880
  172.00     19.920
  174.00     19.950
  176.00     19.990
  178.00     20.020
  180.00     20.060
  182.00     20.100
  184.00     20.150
  186.00     20.190
  188.00     20.240
  190.00     20.280
  192.00     20.320
  194.00     20.370
  196.00     20.420
  198.00     20.460
  200.00     20.500
  202.00     20.550
  204.00     20.600
  206.00     20.650
  208.00     20.700
  210.00     20.740
  212.00     20.790
  214.00     20.820
  216.00     20.880
  218.00     20.930
  220.00     20.990
  222.00     21.040
  224.00     21.100
  226.00     21.170
  228.00     21.220
  230.00     21.260
  232.00     21.320
  234.00     21.380
  236.00     21.430
  238.00     21.480
  240.00     21.530
  242.00     21.570
  244.00     21.620
  246.00     21.670
  248.00     21.710
  250.00     21.740
  252.00     21.790
  254.00     21.830
  256.00     21.880
  258.00     21.910
  260.00     21.970
  262.00     22.020
  264.00     22.090
  266.00     22.140
  268.00     22.210
  270.00     22.260
  272.00     22.320
  274.00     22.370
  276.00     22.440
  278.00     22.480
  280.00     22.530
  282.00     22.590
  284.00     22.640