# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - FI-Pyhaj
#---------------------------------------------------------------
#           World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                             and
#                NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#         National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#---------------------------------------------------------------
#
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed.
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000755
# Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/FI-Pyhaj.html
#
# Archive: Borehole
#
# Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction
#-------------------------
# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2016-10-16
#-------------------------
# Title
#   Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - FI-Pyhaj
#-------------------------
# Investigators
#   Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y.
#-------------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on 
#      continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was 
#      inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed 
#      with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow 
#      Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National 
#      Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and 
#      Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: 
#          (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole 
#      temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The 
#      data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual 
#      variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 
#      years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. 
#          (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure 
#      operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the 
#      past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is 
#      complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. 
#          (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the 
#      original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain 
#      proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data 
#      should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate 
#      studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. 
# 
# Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016.
#-------------------- 
# Publication  
#       Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. 
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 
#       Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures 
#       Journal_Name: Nature 
#       Volume: 403 
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: 
#       Pages: 756-758 
#       DOI: 10.1038/35001556 
#       Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. 
#---------------------- 
# Funding_Agency  
#       Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation 
#       Grant: 1202673 
#---------------------- 
# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: FI-Pyhaj
#    Location: Finland
#    Northernmost_Latitude: 63.67
#    Southernmost_Latitude: 63.67
#    Easternmost_Longitude: 26.08
#    Westernmost_Longitude: 26.08
#    Elevation:
#-------------------------
# Data_Collection
#    Collection_Name: FI-Pyhaj-borehole
#    Earliest_Year: 1500
#    Most_Recent_Year: 1988
#    Time_Unit: AD
#    Core_Length:
#    Notes: Data Contact:  I Kukkonen (FI) 
#  Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC):  3.221
#  Date (Century)    Rate of GST Change(K/100a)
#       16th                 0.360
#       17th                 0.402
#       18th                 0.355
#       19th                -0.061
#       20th                -1.127
#  Date of logging (Year):       1987.00
#  Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K):    3.46
#  Geothermal Gradient (K/km):     12.15
#  
#-------------------------
# Chronology_Information
#       Chronology:
#-------------------------
# Variables
#
# Data variables follow (marked with '##')
# Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data
## depth_m    depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N
## temp_meas	temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N
#-------------------------
# Data:
# Missing Values: NA
depth_m	temp_meas
   19.53      4.350
   21.97      4.360
   24.41      4.360
   26.85      4.360
   29.29      4.360
   31.73      4.360
   34.17      4.360
   36.62      4.370
   39.02      4.380
   41.45      4.390
   43.86      4.410
   46.28      4.420
   48.71      4.430
   51.16      4.450
   53.60      4.470
   56.06      4.490
   58.48      4.510
   60.92      4.540
   63.36      4.560
   65.80      4.580
   68.24      4.610
   70.68      4.630
   73.10      4.660
   75.53      4.680
   77.94      4.710
   80.36      4.730
   82.78      4.750
   85.23      4.780
   87.67      4.800
   90.01      4.820
   92.55      4.840
   94.98      4.870
   97.41      4.890
   99.83      4.920
  102.24      4.940
  104.66      4.960
  107.08      4.980
  109.51      5.000
  111.93      5.020
  114.34      5.050
  116.76      5.070
  119.19      5.090
  121.61      5.110
  124.03      5.130
  126.44      5.150
  128.86      5.180
  131.29      5.200
  133.71      5.220
  136.13      5.240
  138.54      5.260
  140.96      5.280
  143.39      5.300
  145.81      5.320
  148.22      5.340
  150.64      5.360
  153.07      5.380
  155.49      5.410
  157.91      5.430
  160.32      5.450
  162.74      5.470
  165.17      5.490
  167.59      5.520
  170.01      5.540
  172.42      5.560
  174.84      5.580
  177.27      5.600
  179.69      5.630
  182.11      5.650
  184.52      5.680
  186.95      5.700
  189.37      5.730
  191.90      5.750
  194.21      5.770
  196.62      5.800
  199.05      5.820
  201.47      5.840
  203.89      5.870
  206.31      5.890
  208.72      5.920
  211.15      5.940
  213.55      5.970
  215.95      5.990
  218.34      6.020
  220.75      6.040
  223.15      6.060
  225.57      6.090
  227.99      6.110
  230.41      6.140
  232.83      6.170
  235.24      6.190
  237.64      6.220
  240.04      6.240
  242.45      6.270
  244.84      6.300
  247.24      6.320
  249.64      6.350
  252.04      6.370
  254.44      6.400
  256.84      6.430
  259.24      6.460
  261.63      6.480
  264.03      6.510
  266.44      6.540
  268.84      6.560
  271.23      6.590
  273.64      6.610
  276.04      6.640
  278.44      6.670
  280.83      6.700
  283.23      6.720
  285.63      6.750
  288.03      6.780
  290.86      6.810
  292.83      6.840
  295.23      6.870
  297.62      6.890
  300.03      6.920
  302.43      6.940
  304.82      6.970
  307.20      7.000
  309.58      7.030
  311.96      7.050
  314.34      7.080
  316.72      7.110
  319.12      7.140
  321.53      7.160
  323.92      7.190
  326.32      7.220
  328.70      7.250
  331.08      7.280
  333.47      7.310
  335.84      7.330
  338.22      7.360
  340.61      7.380
  343.02      7.410
  345.42      7.440
  347.82      7.470
  350.21      7.500
  352.59      7.530
  354.98      7.560
  357.35      7.580
  359.73      7.610
  362.11      7.640
  364.48      7.670
  366.87      7.700
  369.25      7.730
  371.62      7.760
  373.99      7.790
  376.39      7.810
  378.76      7.840
  381.14      7.870
  383.52      7.900
  385.89      7.930
  388.28      7.940
  390.66      7.960
  393.03      8.000
  395.42      8.030
  397.77      8.050
  400.14      8.080
  402.49      8.110