# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - FI-Mantsala #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000753 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/FI-Mantsala.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - FI-Mantsala #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: FI-Mantsala # Location: Finland # Northernmost_Latitude: 60.32 # Southernmost_Latitude: 60.32 # Easternmost_Longitude: 25.53 # Westernmost_Longitude: 25.53 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: FI-Mantsala-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1992 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: I Kukkonen (FI) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 4.019 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th 0.103 # 17th 0.122 # 18th 0.132 # 19th 0.053 # 20th -0.326 # Date of logging (Year): 1991.00 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.50 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 20.03 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 19.61 4.850 22.05 4.890 24.51 4.920 26.96 4.940 29.40 4.960 31.86 4.990 34.30 5.020 36.75 5.060 39.21 5.100 41.65 5.140 44.11 5.180 46.55 5.230 49.00 5.280 51.46 5.320 53.90 5.360 56.35 5.400 58.80 5.450 61.25 5.490 63.70 5.530 66.14 5.580 68.59 5.620 71.03 5.660 73.48 5.700 75.93 5.750 78.37 5.790 80.82 5.840 83.27 5.900 85.72 5.940 88.17 5.980 90.61 6.020 93.06 6.070 95.50 6.120 97.95 6.170 100.39 6.210 102.84 6.260 105.27 6.300 107.72 6.340 110.16 6.390 112.61 6.430 115.06 6.470 117.51 6.520 119.94 6.570 122.39 6.610 124.83 6.660 127.27 6.700 129.72 6.740 132.16 6.790 134.61 6.840 137.05 6.890 139.50 6.930 141.94 6.980 144.39 7.020 146.83 7.080 149.27 7.130 151.72 7.170 154.16 7.210 156.62 7.250 159.05 7.300 161.50 7.350 163.94 7.390 166.39 7.440 168.82 7.480 171.27 7.530 173.70 7.570 176.14 7.620 178.58 7.670 181.01 7.710 183.45 7.760 185.88 7.810 188.32 7.850 190.75 7.900 193.19 7.950 195.63 7.990 198.06 8.050 200.50 8.090 202.93 8.140 205.36 8.190 207.79 8.230 210.23 8.290 212.65 8.340 215.09 8.380 217.52 8.430 219.96 8.470 222.39 8.520 224.82 8.570 227.25 8.620 229.68 8.670 232.11 8.710 234.54 8.760 236.98 8.800 239.40 8.850 241.84 8.900 244.26 8.950 246.69 9.000 249.12 9.050 251.54 9.090 253.97 9.140 256.39 9.180 258.83 9.230 261.25 9.270 263.68 9.320 266.10 9.370 268.53 9.420 270.96 9.470 273.38 9.520 275.80 9.560 278.21 9.610 280.64 9.660 283.05 9.700 285.48 9.750 287.89 9.800 290.32 9.850 292.73 9.920 295.15 9.960 297.57 10.000 299.98 10.040 302.41 10.100 304.82 10.150 307.24 10.190 309.65 10.240 312.08 10.290 314.49 10.330 316.91 10.380 319.32 10.430 321.74 10.480 324.16 10.520 326.57 10.570 328.99 10.620 331.40 10.660 333.83 10.710 336.24 10.760 338.66 10.810 341.07 10.860 343.49 10.910 345.91 10.960 348.32 11.000 350.74 11.050 353.15 11.100 355.56 11.140 357.97 11.200 360.38 11.240 362.79 11.290 365.20 11.330 367.61 11.380 370.01 11.430 372.43 11.480 374.84 11.530 377.25 11.580 379.66 11.630 382.07 11.680 384.47 11.730 386.88 11.780 389.28 11.840 391.69 11.880 394.10 11.910 396.50 11.960 398.91 12.010 401.31 12.060